第 16 节
作者:赖赖      更新:2021-02-27 02:48      字数:9321
  way  before   their   own   noses。     The   victory  shall   they  have   and   shall   not
  know what to do with it; they shall fight and overcome; because of their
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  lack of knowledge; and because of their lack of knowledge shall they be
  cozened and betrayed when their captains are slain; and all shall come to
  nought by seeming; and the king's uncles shall prevail; that both they and
  the   king   may   come   to   the   shame   that   is   appointed   for   them。 And   yet
  when the lords have vanquished; and all England lieth under them again;
  yet shall their victory be fruitless; for the free men that hold unfree lands
  shall they not bring under the collar again; and villeinage shall slip from
  their hands;  till   there  be;  and not   long   after  ye   are  dead;  but   few  unfree
  men in England; so that your lives and your deaths both shall bear fruit。〃
  〃Said   I   not;〃   quoth   John   Ball;   〃that   thou   wert   a   sending   from   other
  times?     Good is thy message; for the land shall be free。             Tell on now。〃
  He spoke eagerly; and I went on somewhat sadly:                   〃The times shall
  better; though the king and lords shall worsen; the Gilds of Craft shall wax
  and become mightier; more recourse shall there be of foreign merchants。
  There   shall   be   plenty   in   the   land   and   not   famine。 Where   a   man   now
  earneth two pennies he shall earn three。〃
  〃Yea;〃    said   he;   〃then   shall   those   that  labour    become     strong    and
  stronger; and so soon shall it come about that all men shall work and none
  make to work; and so shall none be robbed; and at last shall all men labour
  and live and be happy; and have the goods of the earth without money and
  without price。〃
  〃Yea;〃 said I; 〃that shall indeed come to pass; but not yet for a while;
  and belike a long while。〃
  And I sat for long without speaking; and the church grew darker as the
  moon waned yet more。
  Then I said:     〃Bethink thee that these men shall yet have masters over
  them; who have at hand many a law and custom for the behoof of masters;
  and being masters can make yet more laws in the same behoof; and they
  shall suffer poor people to thrive just so long as their thriving shall profit
  the mastership and no longer; and so shall it be in those days I tell of; for
  there shall be king and lords and knights and squires still; with servants to
  do   their   bidding;   and   make   honest   men   afraid;   and   all   these   will   make
  nothing and eat much as aforetime; and the more that is made in the land
  the more shall they crave。〃
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  〃Yea;〃    said   he;  〃that   wot   I  well;  that   these   are  of  the  kin   of  the
  daughters of the horse…leech; but how shall they slake their greed; seeing
  that as thou sayest villeinage shall be gone?              Belike their men shall pay
  them     quit…rents    and   do   them    service;   as  free   men    may;    but  all  this
  according to   law and   not beyond it; so that   though   the workers shall   be
  richer than they now be; the lords shall be no richer; and so all shall be on
  the road to being free and equal。〃
  Said I; 〃Look you; friend; aforetime the lords; for the most part; held
  the land   and   all   that   was   on   it;   and   the   men   that   were   on   it   worked   for
  them as their horses worked; and after they were fed and housed all was
  the lords'; but in the time to come the lords shall see their men thriving on
  the land and shall say once more; ‘These men have more than they need;
  why   have   we   not   the   surplus   since   we   are   their   lords?'  Moreover;   in
  those days shall betide much chaffering for wares between man and man;
  and country  and   country; and   the  lords shall  note  that if   there  were  less
  corn and less men on their lands there would be more sheep; that is to say
  more wool for chaffer; and that thereof they should have abundantly more
  than aforetime; since all the land they own; and it pays them quit…rent or
  service;   save   here   and there   a   croft or   a   close of   a   yeoman;   and   all   this
  might grow wool for them to sell to the Easterlings。                Then shall England
  see a new thing; for whereas hitherto men have lived on the land and by it;
  the land shall no longer need them; but many sheep and a few shepherds
  shall   make   wool   grow  to be   sold   for   money  to   the   Easterlings;  and   that
  money shall the lords pouch: for; look you; they shall set the lawyers a…
  work     and   the   strong   hand    moreover;     and   the  land   they   shall   take  to
  themselves and their sheep; and except for these lords of land few shall be
  the free men that shall hold a rood of land whom the word of their lord
  may not turn adrift straightway。〃
  〃How mean you?〃 said John Ball: 〃shall all men be villeins again?〃
  〃Nay;〃 said I; 〃there shall be no villeins in England。〃
  〃Surely then;〃 said he; 〃it shall be worse; and all men save a few shall
  be thralls to be bought and sold at the cross。〃
  〃Good friend;〃 said I; 〃it shall not be so; all men shall be free even as
  ye would have it; yet; as I say; few indeed shall have so much land as they
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  can stand upon save by buying such a grace of their masters。〃
  〃And now;〃 said he; 〃I wot not what thou sayest。          I know a thrall; and
  he is his master's every hour; and never his own; and a villein I know; and
  whiles he is his own and whiles his lord's; and I know a free man; and he
  is his own always; but how shall he be his own if he have nought whereby
  to   make   his   livelihood?  Or   shall   he   be   a   thief   and   take   from   others?
  Then is he an outlaw。        Wonderful is this thou tellest of a free man with
  nought whereby to live!〃
  〃Yet so it shall be;〃 said I; 〃and by such free men shall all wares be
  made。〃
  〃Nay; that cannot be; thou art talking riddles;〃 said he; 〃for how shall a
  woodwright make a chest without the wood and the tools?〃
  Said I; 〃He must needs buy leave to labour of them that own all things
  except himself and such as himself。〃
  〃Yea; but wherewith shall he buy it?〃 said John Ball。           〃What hath he
  except himself?〃
  〃With   himself  then shall   he  buy  it;〃   quoth   I;  〃with   his   body  and   the
  power of labour that lieth therein; with the price of his labour shall he buy
  leave to labour。〃
  〃Riddles again!〃 said he; 〃how can he sell his labour for aught else but
  his daily bread?     He must win by his labour meat and drink and clothing
  and housing!      Can he sell his labour twice over?〃
  〃Not so;〃 said I; 〃but this shall he do belike; he shall sell himself; that
  is the labour that is in him; to the master that suffers him to work; and that
  master shall give to him from out of the wares he maketh enough to keep
  him alive; and to beget children and nourish them till they be old enough
  to be sold like himself; and the residue shall the rich man keep to himself。〃
  John Ball laughed aloud; and said:          〃Well; I perceive we are not yet
  out of the land of riddles。       The man may well do what thou sayest and
  live; but he may not do it and live a free man。〃
  〃Thou sayest sooth;〃 said I。
  CHAPTER XI
  HARD IT IS FOR THE OLD WORLD TO SEE THE NEW
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  He   held   his   peace   awhile;   and   then   he   said:  〃But   no   man   selleth
  himself   and   his   children   into   thraldom   uncompelled;   nor   is   any   fool   so
  great a fool as willingly to take the name of freeman and the life of a thrall
  as   payment      for  the  very   life  of  a  freeman。      Now     would     I  ask  thee
  somewhat else; and I am the readier to do so since I perceive that thou art
  a wondrous seer; for surely no man could of his own wit have imagined a
  tale of such follies as thou hast told me。          Now well I wot that men having
  once shaken themselves clear of the burden of villeinage; as thou sayest
  we shall do (and I bless thee for the word); shall never bow down to this
  worser tyranny without sore strife in the world; and surely so sore shall it
  be; before our valiant sons give way; that maids and little lads shall take
  the sword and the spear; and in many a field men's blood and not water
  shall   turn   the   gristmills   of