libraries；　laboratories；　and　lecture　rooms。　The　last　of　these　is
  the　least　exacting；　and　it　is　the　one　most　commonly　well
  supplied。　It　is　also；　on　the　whole；　the　more　conspicuous　in
  proportion　to　the　outlay。　But　all　these　are　matters　chiefly　of
  interior　arrangement；　appliances　and　materials；　and　they　are　all
  of　a　relatively　inconspicuous　character。　Except　as　detailed　in
  printed　statistics　they　do　not　ordinarily　lend　themselves　with
  appreciable　effect　to　the　art　of　advertising。　In　meeting　all
  these　material　requirements　of　the　work　in　hand　a　very　large
  expenditure　of　funds　might　advantageously　be　made
  advantageously　to　the　academic　use　which　they　are　to　serve
  without　much　visible　effect　as　seen　in　perspective　from　the
  outside。　And　so　far　as　bears　on　this　academic　use；　the　exterior
  of　the　buildings　is　a　matter　of　altogether　minor　consequence；　as
  are　also　the　decorative　appointments　of　the　interior。
  In　practice；　under　compulsion　of　the　business　principles　of
  publicity；　it　will　be　found；　however；　that　the　exterior　and　the
  decorative　appointments　are　the　chief　object　of　the　designer's
  attention；　the　interior　arrangement　and　working　appointments　will
  not　infrequently　become　a　matter　of　rude　approximation　to　the
  requirements　of　the　work；　care　being　first　taken　that　these
  arrangements　shall　not　interfere　with　the　decorative　or
  spectacular　intent　of　the　outside。　But　even　with　the　best…advised
  management　of　its　publicity　value；　it　is　always　appreciably　more
  difficult　to　secure　appropriations　for　the　material　equipment　of
  a　laboratory　or　library　than　for　the　shell　of　the　edifice；　and
  still　more　so　for　the　maintenance　of　an　adequate　corps　of
  caretakers　and　attendants。
  As　will　be　found　true　of　other　lines　of　this　university
  enterprise　in　publicity；　so　also　as　to　this　presentation　of　a
  reputable　exterior；　it　is　designed　to　impress　not　the　academic
  personnel；　or　the　scholarly　element　at　large；　but　the　laity。　The
  academic　folk　and　scholars　are　commonly　less　susceptible　to　the
  appeal　of　curious　facades　and　perplexing　feats　of　architecture；
  and　then；　such　an　appeal　would　have　no　particular　motive　in　their
  case；　it　is　not　necessary　to　impress　them。　It　is　in　the　eyes　of
  the　unlettered；　particularly　the　business　community；　that　it　is
  desirable　for　the　university　to　present　an　imposing　front；　that
  being　the　feature　of　academic　installation　which　they　will
  readily　appreciate。　To　carry　instant　conviction　of　a　high
  academic　worth　to　this　large　element　of　the　populace；　the
  university　buildings　should　bulk　large　in　the　landscape；　should
  be　wastefully　expensive；　and　should　conform　to　the　architectural
  mannerisms　in　present　vogue。　In　a　few　years　the　style　of
  architectural　affectations　will　change；　of　course；　as　fashions
  necessarily　change　in　any　community　whose　tastes　are　governed　by
  pecuniary　standards；　and　any　particular　architectural　contrivance
  will　therefore　presently　lose　much　of　its　prestige　value；　but　by
  the　time　it　so　is　overtaken　by　obsolescence；　the　structures　which
  embody　the　particular　affectation　in　question　will　have　made　the
  appeal　for　which　they　were　designed；　and　so　will　have　served
  their　purpose　of　publicity。　And　then；　too；　edifices　created　with
  a　thrifty　view　to　a　large　spectacular　effect　at　a　low　cost　are
  also　liable　to　so　rapid　a　physical　decay　as　to　be　ready　for
  removal　and　replacement　before　they　have　greatly　outlived　their
  usefulness　in　this　respect。
  In　recent　scholastic　edifices　one　is　not　surprised　to　find
  lecture　rooms　acoustically　ill　designed；　and　with　an　annoying
  distribution　of　light；　due　to　the　requirements　of　exterior
  symmetry　and　the　decorative　distribution　of　windows；　and　the　like
  holds　true　even　in　a　higher　degree　for　libraries　and
  laboratories；　since　for　these　uses　the　demands　in　these　respects
  are　even　more　exacting。　Nor　is　it　unusual　to　find　waste　of　space
  and　weakness　of　structure；　due；　e。g。；　to　a　fictitious　winding
  stair；　thrown　into　the　design　to　permit　such　a　facade　as　will
  simulate　the　defensive　details　of　a　mediaeval　keep；　to　be
  surmounted　with　embrasured　battlements　and　a　（make…believe）
  loopholed　turret。　So；　again；　space　will；　on　the　same　ground；　be
  wasted　in　heavy…ceiled；　ill…lighted　lobbies；　which　might　once
  have　served　as　a　mustering　place　for　a　body　of　unruly
  men…at…arms；　but　which　mean　nothing　more　to　the　point　today；　and
  in　these　premises；　than　so　many　inconvenient　flagstones　to　be
  crossed　in　coming　and　going。
  These　principles　of　spectacular　publicity　demand　a　nice
  adjustment　of　the　conspicuous　features　of　the　plant　to　the
  current　vagaries　in　decorative　art　and　magnificence；that　is　to
  say；　conformity　to　the　sophistications　current　on　that　level　of
  culture　on　which　these　unlettered　men　of　substance　live　and　move
  and　have　their　being。　As　touches　the　case　of　the　seats　of
  learning；　these　current　lay　sophistications　draw　on　several　more
  or　less　diverse；　and　not　altogether　congruous；　lines　of
  conventionally　approved　manifestation　of　the　ability　to　pay。　Out
  of　the　past　comes　the　conventional　preconception　that　these
  scholastic　edifices　should　show　something　of　the　revered　traits
  of　ecclesiastical　and　monastic　real…estate；　while　out　of　the
  present　comes　an　ingrained　predilection　for　the　more　sprightly
  and　exuberant　effects　of　decoration　and　magnificence　to　which　the
  modern　concert…hall；　the　more　expensive　cafes　and　clubrooms；　and
  the　Pullman　coaches　have　given　a　degree　of　authentication。　Any
  one　given　to　curious　inquiry　might　find　congenial　employment　in
  tracing　out　the　manner　and　proportion　in　which　these；　and　the
  like；　strains　of　aesthetic　indoctrination　are　blended　in　the
  edifices　and　grounds　of　a　well…advised　modern　university。
  It　is　not　necessary　here　to　offer　many　speculations　on　the
  enduring　artistic　merit　of　these　costly　stage　properties　of　the
  seats　of　learning；　since　their　permanent　value　in　that　respect　is
  scarcely　to　be　rated　as　a　substantial　motive　in　their
  construction。　But　there　is；　e。　g。；　no　obvious　reason　why；　with
  the　next　change　in　the　tide　of　mannerism；　the　disjointed
  grotesqueries　of　an　eclectic　and　modified　Gothic　should　not
  presently　pass　into　the　same　category　of　apologetic　neglect；　with
  the　architectural　evils　wrought　by　the　mid…Victorian　generation。
  But　there　is　another　side　to　this　architecture　of　notoriety；　that
  merits　some　slight　further　remark。　It　is　consistently　and
  unavoidably　meretricious。　Just　at　present　the　enjoined　vogue　is
  some　form　of　bastard　antique。　The　archaic　forms　which　it
  ostensibly　preserves　are　structurally　out　of　date；　ill　adapted　to
  the　modern　materials　and　the　modern　builder's　use　of　materials。
  Modern　building；　on　a　large　scale　and　designed　for　durable
  results；　is　framework　building。　The　modern　requirements　of　light；
  heating；　ventilation　and　access　require　it　to　be　such；　and　the
  materials　used　lend　themselves　to　that　manner　of　construction。
  The　strains　involved　in　modern　structures　are　frame…work　strains；
  whereas　the　forms　which　these　edifices　are　required　to　simulate
  are　masonry　forms。　The　outward　conformation　and　ostensible
  structure　of　the　buildings；　therefore；　are　commonly　meaningless；
  except　as　an　architectural　prevarication。　They　have　to　be
  adapted；　simulated；　deranged；　because　in　modern　use　they　are
  impracticable　in　the　shape；　proportion　and　combination　that　of
  right　belonged　to　them　under　the　circumstances　of　materials　and
  uses　under　which　they　were　once　worked　out。　So　there　results　a
  meaningless　juxtaposition　of　details；　that　prove　nothing　in
  detail　and　contradict　one　another　in　assemblage。　All　of　which　may
  suggest　reflections　on　the　fitness　of　housing　the　quest　of　truth
  in　an　edifice　of　false　pretences。
  These　architectural　vagaries　serve　no　useful　end　in　academic
  life。　As　an　object　lesson　they　conduce；　in　their　measure；　to
  inculcate　in　the　students　a　spirit　of　disingenuousness。　But　they
  spread　abroad　the　prestige　of　the　university　as　an　ornate　and
  spendthrift　establishment；　which　is　believed　to　bring　increased
  enrolment　of　students　and；　what　is　even　more　to　the　point；　to
  conciliate　the　good…will　of　the　opulent　patrons　of　learning。　That
  these　edifices　are　good　for　this　purpose；　and　that　this　policy　of
  architectural　mise　en　scene　is　wise；　appears　from　the　greater
  readiness　with　which　funds　are　procured　for　such　ornate
  constructions　than　for　any　other　academic　use。　It　appears　that
  the　successful　men　of