substance；　therefore；　is　by　prescriptive　necessity　to　be　included
  in　the　training　offered　at　any　well…appointed　undergraduate
  establishment　that　aims　in　any　comprehensive　sense　to　do　its
  whole　duty　by　the　well…to…do　young　men　under　its　tutelage。（9*）　It
  is；　further　and　by　compulsion　of　the　same　ideals；　incumbent　on
  such　an　establishment　to　afford　these　young　men　a　precinct
  dedicate　to　cultured　leisure；　and　conventionally　sheltered　from
  the　importunities　of　the　municipal　police；　where　an　adequate　but
  guarded　indulgence　may　be　had　for　those　extravagances　of
  adolescence　that　count　for　so　much　in　shaping　the　canons　of
  genteel　intercourse。
  There　is；　of　course；　no　intention　here　to　find　fault　with
  this　gentlemanly　ideal　of　undergraduate　indoctrination；　or　with
  the　solicitude　shown　in　this　behalf　by　the　captains　of　erudition；
  in　endeavouring　to　afford　time；　place　and　circumstance　for　its
  due　inculcation　among　college　men。　It　is　by　no　means　here　assumed
  that　learning　is　substantially　more　to　be　desired　than
  proficiency　in　genteel　dissipation。　It　is　only　that　the　higher
  learning　and　the　life　of　fashion　and　affairs　are　two　widely
  distinct　and　divergent　lines；　both　lying　within　the　current
  scheme　of　civilization；　and　that　it　is　the　university's
  particular　office　in　this　scheme　to　conserve　and　extend　the
  domain　of　knowledge。　There　need　be　no　question　that　it　is　a　work
  of　great　social　merit　and　consequence　to　train　adepts　in　the
  ritual　of　decorum；　and　it　is　doubtless　a　creditable　work　for　any
  school　adapted　to　that　purpose　to　equip　men　for　a　decorative
  place　in　polite　society；　and　imbue　them　with　a　discriminating
  taste　in　the　reputable　waste　of　time　and　means。　And　all　that　may
  perhaps　fall；　not　only　legitimately；　but　meritoriously；　within
  the　province　of　the　undergraduate　school；　at　least　it　is　not　here
  intended　to　argue　the　contrary。　At　the　same　time　a　secure
  reputation　for　efficiency　and　adequate　facilities　along　this　line
  of　aspirations　on　the　part　of　any　such　school　will　serve　a　good
  business　purpose　in　duly　attracting　students　　or　residents
  from　the　better　classes　of　society；　and　from　those　classes　that
  aspire　to　be　〃better。〃
  But　this　is　essentially　not　university　work。　In　the　nature　of
  the　case　it　devolves　on　the　college；　the　undergraduate　school；
  and　it　can　not　be　carried　through　with　due　singleness　of　purpose
  in　an　establishment　bound　by　tradition　to　make　much　of　that
  higher　learning　that　is　substantially　alien　to　the　spirit　of　this
  thing。　If；　then；　as　indications　run；　the　large　undergraduate
  schools　are　in　due　course　to　develop　somewhat　unreservedly　into
  gentlemen's　colleges；　that　is　an　additional　reason　why；　in　the
  interest　of　both　parties；　the　divorce　of　the　university　from　the
  collegiate　division　should　be　made　absolute。　Neither　does　the
  worldly　spirit　that　pervades　the　gentlemen's　college　further　the
  university's　interest　in　scholarship；　nor　do　the　university's
  scholarly　interests　further　the　college　work　in　gentility。
  Well　to　the　front　among　these　undergraduate　appurtenances　of
  gentlemanship　are　the　factional　clubs　known　as　Greek…letter
  fraternities。　These　touch　the　province　of　learning　in　the
  universities　only　incidentally　and　superficially；　as　they　do　not
  in　practice　enter　the　graduate　division　except　by　way　of　a　thin
  aftermath　of　factional　animus；　which　may　occasionally　infect　such
  of　the　staff　as　are　gifted　with　a　particularly　puerile
  temperament。　They　are；　in　effect；　competitive　organizations　for
  the　elaboration　of　the　puerile　irregularities　of　adolescence；　and
  as　such　they　find　little　scope　among　the　graduate　students　or
  among　the　adult　personnel　at　large。　But　as　part　of　the　apparatus
  of　the　undergraduate　division　they　require　a　strict　surveillance
  to　keep　them　within　the　（somewhat　wide）　limits　of　tolerance；　and
  so　their　presence　affects　the　necessary　discipline　of　the　school
  at　large；　entailing　a　more　elaborate　and　rigorous　surveillance
  and　more　meddling　with　personal　habits　than　would　otherwise　be
  required；　and　entailing　also　some　slight　corporate　expense。
  Much　the　same　is　true　for　the　other　social　clubs；　not　of　an
  advisedly　factional　character；　that　are　latterly　being　installed
  by　authority　under　university　patronage　and　guaranteed　by　the
  university　funds；　as；　also；　and　in　a　more　pronounced　degree；　for
  college　athletics；　except　that　the　item　of　expense　in　connection
  with　these　things　is　much　more　serious　and　the　resulting
  diversion　of　interest　from　all　matters　of　learning　is
  proportionally　greater。　Among　these　means　of　dissipating　energy
  and　attention；　college　athletics　is　perhaps　still　the　most
  effective；　and　it　is　also　the　one　most　earnestly　pushed　by　the
  businesslike　authorities；　at　the　same　time　that　it　is　the　most
  widely　out　of　touch　with　all　learning；　whether　it　be　the　pursuit
  of　knowledge　or　the　perfunctory　taskwork　of　the　collegiate
  division。　So　notorious；　indeed；　is　the　discrepancy　between
  college　athletics　and　scholarly　work　that　few　college　authorities
  latterly　venture　to　avow　as　cordial　a　support　of　this　training　in
  sportsmanship　as　they　actually　give。　Yet　so　efficient　a　means　of
  attracting　a　certain　class　of　young　men　is　this　academic
  enterprise　in　sports　that；　in　practical　effect；　few　schools　fail
  to　give　it　all　the　support　that　the　limits　of　decorum　will　admit。
  There　is　probably　no　point　at　which　specious　practices　and
  habitual　prevarication　are　carried　so　far　as　here。　Little　need　be
  said　of　the　threadbare　subterfuges　by　which　（ostensibly
  surreptitious）　pecuniary　inducements　are　extended　to　students　and
  prospective　students　who　promise　well　as　college　athletes；（10*）
  or　of　the　equally　threadbare　expedients　by　which　these　members　of
  the　gild　of　sportsmen　are　enabled　to　meet　the　formal　requirements
  of　scholarship　imposed　by　shamefaced　intercollegiate
  bargaining。（11*）
  But　apart　from　such　petty　expedients；　however　abundant　and
  commonplace；　there　is　the　more　significant　practice　of　retaining
  trainers　and　helpers　at　the　university's　expense　and　with
  academic　countenance。　There　is　the　corps　of　workmen　and
  assistants　to　take　care　of　the　grounds；　buildings　and　apparatus；
  and　there　is　the　corps　of　trainers　and　coaches；　masseurs　and
  surgeons；　masquerading　under　the　caption　of　〃physical　culture；〃
  whose　chief　duty　is　to　put　the　teams　in　form　for　the　various
  contests。　One　may　find　a　football　or　baseball　coach　retained
  officially　as　a　member　of　the　faculty　and　carried　on　the　academic
  pay…roll；　in　a　university　that　practices　a　penurious　economy　in
  the　equipment　and　current　supply　of　materials　and　services
  necessary　to　the　work　of　its　scientific　laboratories；　and　whose
  library　is　in　a　shameful　state　of　neglect　for　want　of　adequate
  provision　for　current　purchases　and　attendance。　The
  qualifications　of　such　a　〃professor〃　are　those　of　a　coach；　while
  in　point　of　scholarly　capacity　and　attainments　it　would　be　a
  stretch　of　charity　to　say　that　he　is　of　quite　a　neutral
  composition。　Still；　under　the　pressure　of　intercollegiate
  competition　for　the　services　of　such　expert　lanistae；　he　may　have
  to　be　vested　with　the　highest　academic　rank　and　conceded　the
  highest　scholastic　honours；　with　commensurate　salary。　Expediency
  may　so　decide；　partly　to　cloak　the　shamefulness　of　the
  transaction；　partly　to　meet　the　exacting　demands　of　a　coach　whose
  professional　services　have　a　high　commercial　rating　in　the
  sporting　community；　and　who　is　presumed　to　be　indispensable　to
  the　university's　due　success　in　intercollegiate　athletics。
  The　manifest　aim；　and　indeed　the　avowed　purpose；　of　these
  many　expedients　of　management　and　concessions　to　fashion　and
  frailty　is　the　continued　numerical　growth　of　the　undergraduate
  school；　　the　increase　of　the　enrolment　and　the　obtaining　of
  funds　by　use　of　which　to　achieve　a　further　increase。　To　bring
  this　assiduous　endeavour　into　its　proper　light；　it　is　to　be　added
  that　most　of　these　undergraduate　departments　are　already　too
  large　for　the　best　work　of　their　kind。　Since　these　undergraduate
  schools　have　grown　large　enough　to　afford　a　secure　contrast　as
  against　the　smaller　colleges　that　are　engaged　in　the　same　general
  field；　it　is　coming　to　be　plain　to　university　men　who　have　to　do
  with　the　advanced　instruction　that；　for　the　advanced　work　in
  science　and　scholarship；　the　training　given　by　a　college　of
  moderate　size　commonly　affords　a　better　preparation　than　is　had
  in　the　ve