第 1 节
作者:蒂帆      更新:2021-02-27 02:29      字数:9321
  Minna von Barnhelm
  by Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
  Translated By Ernest Bell
  INTRODUCTORY NOTE
  Gotthold Ephraim Lessing was born at Kamenz; Germany; January 22;   1729; the son of a Lutheran minister。 He was educated at Meissen   and Leipzic; and began writing for the stage before he was twenty。   In 1748 he went to Berlin; where he met Voltaire and for a time   was powerfully influenced by him。 The most important product of   this period was his tragedy of 〃Miss Sara Samson;〃 a modern   version of the story of Medea; which began the vogue of the   sentimental middle…class play in Germany。 After a second sojourn   in Leipzic (1755…1758); during which he wrote criticism; lyrics;   and fables; Lessing returned to Berlin and began to publish his   〃Literary Letters;〃 making himself by the vigor and candor of his   criticism a real force in contemporary literature。 From Berlin he   went to Breslau; where he made the first sketches of two of his   greatest works; 〃Laocoon〃 and 〃Minna von Barnhelm;〃 both of which   were issued after his return to the Prussian capital。 Failing in   his effort to be appointed Director of the Royal Library by   Frederick the Great; Lessing went to Hamburg in 1767 as critic of   a new national theatre; and in connection with this enterprise he   issued twice a week the 〃Hamburgische Dramaturgie;〃 the two   volumes of which are a rich mine of dramatic criticism and theory。
  His next residence was at Wolfenbuttel; where he had charge of the   ducal library from 1770 till his death in 1781。 Here he wrote his   tragedy of 〃Emilia Galotti;〃 founded on the story of Virginia; and   engaged for a time in violent religious controversies; one   important outcome of which was his 〃Education of the Human Race。〃   On being ordered by the Brunswick authorities to give up   controversial writing; he found expression for his views in his   play 〃Nathan the Wise;〃 his last great production。
  The importance of Lessing's masterpiece in comedy; 〃Minna von   Barnhelm;〃 is difficult to exaggerate。 It was the beginning of   German national drama; and by the patriotic interest of its   historical background; by its sympathetic treatment of the German   soldier and the German woman; and by its happy blending of the   amusing and the pathetic; it won a place in the national heart   from which no succeeding comedy has been able to dislodge it。
  MINNA VON BARNHELM OR THE SOLDIER'S FORTUNE
  DRAMATIS PERSONAE
  MAJOR VON TELLHEIM; a discharged officer。   MINNA VON BARNHELM。   COUNT VON BRUCHSAL; her uncle。   FRANZISKA; her lady's maid。   JUST; servant to the Major。   PAUL WERNER; an old Sergeant of the Major's。   The LANDLORD of an Inn。   A LADY。   An ORDERLY。   RICCAUT DE LA MARLINIERE。
  The scene alternates between the Parlour of an Inn; and a Room   adjoining it。
  ACT I。
  SCENE I。 Just
  JUST (sitting in a corner; and talking while asleep)。 Rogue of a landlord! You treat us so? On; comrade! hit hard! (He strikes with his fist; and wakes through the exertion)。 Ha! there he is again! I cannot shut an eye without fighting with him。 I wish he got but half the blows。 Why; it is morning! I must just look for my poor master at once; if I can help it; he shall not set foot in the cursed house again。 I wonder where he has passed the night?
  SCENE II。 Landlord; Just
  LAND。 Good…morning; Herr Just; good…morning! What; up so early! Or shall I sayup so late?
  JUST。 Say which you please。
  LAND。 I say onlygood…morning! and that deserves; I suppose; that Herr Just should answer; 〃Many thanks。〃
  JUST。 Many thanks。
  LAND。 One is peevish; if one can't have one's proper rest。 What will you bet the Major has not returned home; and you have been keeping watch for him?
  JUST。 How the man can guess everything!
  LAND。 I surmise; I surmise。
  JUST。 (turns round to go)。 Your servant!
  LAND。 (stops him)。 Not so; Herr Just!
  JUST。 Very well; then; not your servant!
  LAND。 What; Herr Just; I do hope you are not still angry about yesterday's affair! Who would keep his anger over night?
  JUST。 I; and over a good many nights。
  LAND。 Is that like a Christian?
  JUST。 As much so as to turn an honourable man who cannot pay to a day; out of doors; into the street。
  LAND。 Fie! who would be so wicked?
  JUST。 A Christian innkeeper。My master! such a man! such an officer!
  LAND。 I thrust him from the house into the streets? I have far too much respect for an officer to do that; and far too much pity for a discharged one! I was obliged to have another room prepared for him。 Think no more about it; Herr Just。 (Calls) Hullo! I will make it good in another way。 (A lad comes。) Bring a glass; Herr Just will have a drop; something good。
  JUST。 Do not trouble yourself; Mr。 Landlord。 May the drop turn to poison; which 。 。 。 But I will not swear; I have not yet breakfasted。
  LAND。 (to the lad; who brings a bottle of spirits and a glass)。 Give it here; go! Now; Herr Just; something quite excellent; strong; delicious; and wholesome。 (Fills; and holds it out to him。) That can set an over…taxed stomach to rights again!
  JUST。 I hardly ought!And yet why should I let my health suffer on account of his incivility? (Takes it; and drinks。)
  LAND。 May it do you good; Herr Just!
  JUST。 (giving the glass back)。 Not bad! But; Landlord; you are nevertheless an ill…mannered brute!
  LAND。 Not so; not so! 。 。 。 Come; another glass; one cannot stand upon one leg。
  JUST。 (after drinking)。 I must say so muchit is good; very good! Made at home; Landlord?
  LAND。 At home; indeed! True Dantzig; real double distilled!
  JUST。 Look ye; Landlord; if I could play the hypocrite; I would do so for such stuff as that; but I cannot; so it must out。You are an ill… mannered brute all the same。
  LAND。 Nobody in my life ever told me that before 。 。 。 But another glass; Herr Just; three is the lucky number!
  JUST。 With all my heart! (Drinks)。 Good stuff indeed; capital! But truth is good also; and indeed; Landlord; you are an ill…mannered brute all the same!
  LAND。 If I was; do you think I should let you say so?
  JUST。 Oh! yes; a brute seldom has spirit。
  LAND。 One more; Herr Just: a four…stranded rope is the strongest。
  JUST。 No; enough is as good as a feast! And what good will it do you; Landlord? I shall stick to my text till the last drop in the bottle。 Shame; Landlord; to have such good Dantzig; and such bad manners! To turn out of his room; in his absencea man like my master; who has lodged at your house above a year; from whom you have had already so many shining thalers; who never owed a heller in his lifebecause he let payment run for a couple of months; and because he does not spend quite so much as he used。
  LAND。 But suppose I really wanted the room and saw beforehand that the Major would willingly have given it up if we could only have waited some time for his return! Should I let strange gentlefolk like them drive away again from my door! Should I wilfully send such a prize into the clutches of another innkeeper? Besides; I don't believe they could have got a lodging elsewhere。 The inns are all now quite full。 Could such a young; beautiful; amiable lady remain in the street? Your master is much too gallant for that。 And what does he lose by the change? Have not I given him another room?
  JUST。 By the pigeon…house at the back; with a view between a neighbour's chimneys。
  LAND。 The view was uncommonly fine; before the confounded neighbour obstructed it。 The room is otherwise very nice; and is papered
  JUST。 Has been!
  LAND。 No; one side is so still。 And the little room adjoining; what is the matter with that? It has a chimney which; perhaps; smokes somewhat in the winter
  JUST。 But does very nicely in the summer。 I believe; Landlord; you are mocking us into the bargain!
  LAND。 Come; come; Herr Just; Herr Just
  JUST。 Don't make Herr Just's head hot
  LAND。 I make his head hot? It is the Dantzig does that。
  JUST。 An officer; like my master! Or do you think that a discharged officer; is not an officer who may break your neck for you? Why were you all; you Landlords; so civil during the war? Why was every officer an honourable man then and every soldier a worthy; brave fellow? Does this bit of a peace make you so bumptious?
  LAND。 What makes you fly out so; Herr Just!
  JUST。 I will fly out。
  SCENE III。 Major von Tellheim; Landlord; Just
  MAJ。 T。 (entering)。 Just!
  JUST。 (supposing the Landlord is still speaking)。 Just? Are we so intimate?
  MAJ。 T。 Just!
  JUST。 I thought I was 〃Herr Just〃 with you。
  LAND。 (seeing the Major)。 Hist! hist! Herr Just; Herr Just; look round; your master
  MAJ。 T。 Just; I think you are quarreling! What did I tell you?
  LAND。 Quarrel; your honour? God forbid! Would your most humble servant dare to quarrel with one who has the honour of being in your service?
  JUST。 If I could but give him a good whack on that cringing cat's back of his!
  LAND。 It is true Herr Just speaks up for his master; and rather warmly; but in that he is right。 I esteem him so much the more: I like him for it。
  JUST。 I should like to knock his teeth out for him!
  LAND。 It is only a pity that he puts himself in a passion for nothing。 For I feel quite