第 1 节
作者:
蒂帆 更新:2021-02-27 02:29 字数:9321
Minna von Barnhelm
by Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
Translated By Ernest Bell
INTRODUCTORY NOTE
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing was born at Kamenz; Germany; January 22; 1729; the son of a Lutheran minister。 He was educated at Meissen and Leipzic; and began writing for the stage before he was twenty。 In 1748 he went to Berlin; where he met Voltaire and for a time was powerfully influenced by him。 The most important product of this period was his tragedy of 〃Miss Sara Samson;〃 a modern version of the story of Medea; which began the vogue of the sentimental middle…class play in Germany。 After a second sojourn in Leipzic (1755…1758); during which he wrote criticism; lyrics; and fables; Lessing returned to Berlin and began to publish his 〃Literary Letters;〃 making himself by the vigor and candor of his criticism a real force in contemporary literature。 From Berlin he went to Breslau; where he made the first sketches of two of his greatest works; 〃Laocoon〃 and 〃Minna von Barnhelm;〃 both of which were issued after his return to the Prussian capital。 Failing in his effort to be appointed Director of the Royal Library by Frederick the Great; Lessing went to Hamburg in 1767 as critic of a new national theatre; and in connection with this enterprise he issued twice a week the 〃Hamburgische Dramaturgie;〃 the two volumes of which are a rich mine of dramatic criticism and theory。
His next residence was at Wolfenbuttel; where he had charge of the ducal library from 1770 till his death in 1781。 Here he wrote his tragedy of 〃Emilia Galotti;〃 founded on the story of Virginia; and engaged for a time in violent religious controversies; one important outcome of which was his 〃Education of the Human Race。〃 On being ordered by the Brunswick authorities to give up controversial writing; he found expression for his views in his play 〃Nathan the Wise;〃 his last great production。
The importance of Lessing's masterpiece in comedy; 〃Minna von Barnhelm;〃 is difficult to exaggerate。 It was the beginning of German national drama; and by the patriotic interest of its historical background; by its sympathetic treatment of the German soldier and the German woman; and by its happy blending of the amusing and the pathetic; it won a place in the national heart from which no succeeding comedy has been able to dislodge it。
MINNA VON BARNHELM OR THE SOLDIER'S FORTUNE
DRAMATIS PERSONAE
MAJOR VON TELLHEIM; a discharged officer。 MINNA VON BARNHELM。 COUNT VON BRUCHSAL; her uncle。 FRANZISKA; her lady's maid。 JUST; servant to the Major。 PAUL WERNER; an old Sergeant of the Major's。 The LANDLORD of an Inn。 A LADY。 An ORDERLY。 RICCAUT DE LA MARLINIERE。
The scene alternates between the Parlour of an Inn; and a Room adjoining it。
ACT I。
SCENE I。 Just
JUST (sitting in a corner; and talking while asleep)。 Rogue of a landlord! You treat us so? On; comrade! hit hard! (He strikes with his fist; and wakes through the exertion)。 Ha! there he is again! I cannot shut an eye without fighting with him。 I wish he got but half the blows。 Why; it is morning! I must just look for my poor master at once; if I can help it; he shall not set foot in the cursed house again。 I wonder where he has passed the night?
SCENE II。 Landlord; Just
LAND。 Good…morning; Herr Just; good…morning! What; up so early! Or shall I sayup so late?
JUST。 Say which you please。
LAND。 I say onlygood…morning! and that deserves; I suppose; that Herr Just should answer; 〃Many thanks。〃
JUST。 Many thanks。
LAND。 One is peevish; if one can't have one's proper rest。 What will you bet the Major has not returned home; and you have been keeping watch for him?
JUST。 How the man can guess everything!
LAND。 I surmise; I surmise。
JUST。 (turns round to go)。 Your servant!
LAND。 (stops him)。 Not so; Herr Just!
JUST。 Very well; then; not your servant!
LAND。 What; Herr Just; I do hope you are not still angry about yesterday's affair! Who would keep his anger over night?
JUST。 I; and over a good many nights。
LAND。 Is that like a Christian?
JUST。 As much so as to turn an honourable man who cannot pay to a day; out of doors; into the street。
LAND。 Fie! who would be so wicked?
JUST。 A Christian innkeeper。My master! such a man! such an officer!
LAND。 I thrust him from the house into the streets? I have far too much respect for an officer to do that; and far too much pity for a discharged one! I was obliged to have another room prepared for him。 Think no more about it; Herr Just。 (Calls) Hullo! I will make it good in another way。 (A lad comes。) Bring a glass; Herr Just will have a drop; something good。
JUST。 Do not trouble yourself; Mr。 Landlord。 May the drop turn to poison; which 。 。 。 But I will not swear; I have not yet breakfasted。
LAND。 (to the lad; who brings a bottle of spirits and a glass)。 Give it here; go! Now; Herr Just; something quite excellent; strong; delicious; and wholesome。 (Fills; and holds it out to him。) That can set an over…taxed stomach to rights again!
JUST。 I hardly ought!And yet why should I let my health suffer on account of his incivility? (Takes it; and drinks。)
LAND。 May it do you good; Herr Just!
JUST。 (giving the glass back)。 Not bad! But; Landlord; you are nevertheless an ill…mannered brute!
LAND。 Not so; not so! 。 。 。 Come; another glass; one cannot stand upon one leg。
JUST。 (after drinking)。 I must say so muchit is good; very good! Made at home; Landlord?
LAND。 At home; indeed! True Dantzig; real double distilled!
JUST。 Look ye; Landlord; if I could play the hypocrite; I would do so for such stuff as that; but I cannot; so it must out。You are an ill… mannered brute all the same。
LAND。 Nobody in my life ever told me that before 。 。 。 But another glass; Herr Just; three is the lucky number!
JUST。 With all my heart! (Drinks)。 Good stuff indeed; capital! But truth is good also; and indeed; Landlord; you are an ill…mannered brute all the same!
LAND。 If I was; do you think I should let you say so?
JUST。 Oh! yes; a brute seldom has spirit。
LAND。 One more; Herr Just: a four…stranded rope is the strongest。
JUST。 No; enough is as good as a feast! And what good will it do you; Landlord? I shall stick to my text till the last drop in the bottle。 Shame; Landlord; to have such good Dantzig; and such bad manners! To turn out of his room; in his absencea man like my master; who has lodged at your house above a year; from whom you have had already so many shining thalers; who never owed a heller in his lifebecause he let payment run for a couple of months; and because he does not spend quite so much as he used。
LAND。 But suppose I really wanted the room and saw beforehand that the Major would willingly have given it up if we could only have waited some time for his return! Should I let strange gentlefolk like them drive away again from my door! Should I wilfully send such a prize into the clutches of another innkeeper? Besides; I don't believe they could have got a lodging elsewhere。 The inns are all now quite full。 Could such a young; beautiful; amiable lady remain in the street? Your master is much too gallant for that。 And what does he lose by the change? Have not I given him another room?
JUST。 By the pigeon…house at the back; with a view between a neighbour's chimneys。
LAND。 The view was uncommonly fine; before the confounded neighbour obstructed it。 The room is otherwise very nice; and is papered
JUST。 Has been!
LAND。 No; one side is so still。 And the little room adjoining; what is the matter with that? It has a chimney which; perhaps; smokes somewhat in the winter
JUST。 But does very nicely in the summer。 I believe; Landlord; you are mocking us into the bargain!
LAND。 Come; come; Herr Just; Herr Just
JUST。 Don't make Herr Just's head hot
LAND。 I make his head hot? It is the Dantzig does that。
JUST。 An officer; like my master! Or do you think that a discharged officer; is not an officer who may break your neck for you? Why were you all; you Landlords; so civil during the war? Why was every officer an honourable man then and every soldier a worthy; brave fellow? Does this bit of a peace make you so bumptious?
LAND。 What makes you fly out so; Herr Just!
JUST。 I will fly out。
SCENE III。 Major von Tellheim; Landlord; Just
MAJ。 T。 (entering)。 Just!
JUST。 (supposing the Landlord is still speaking)。 Just? Are we so intimate?
MAJ。 T。 Just!
JUST。 I thought I was 〃Herr Just〃 with you。
LAND。 (seeing the Major)。 Hist! hist! Herr Just; Herr Just; look round; your master
MAJ。 T。 Just; I think you are quarreling! What did I tell you?
LAND。 Quarrel; your honour? God forbid! Would your most humble servant dare to quarrel with one who has the honour of being in your service?
JUST。 If I could but give him a good whack on that cringing cat's back of his!
LAND。 It is true Herr Just speaks up for his master; and rather warmly; but in that he is right。 I esteem him so much the more: I like him for it。
JUST。 I should like to knock his teeth out for him!
LAND。 It is only a pity that he puts himself in a passion for nothing。 For I feel quite