第 34 节
作者:匆匆      更新:2021-02-27 02:11      字数:9322
  only the Notion。 Because it is equally being…in…and…for…self and also a positedness; or the absolute
  substance that manifests the necessity of distinct substances as an identity; this identity must itself
  posit what it is。 The moments of the movement of the relationship of substantiality through which
  the Notion has come to be and the reality thereby exhibited are still only in transition into the
  Notion; this reality does not yet possess the determination of being the Notion's own; self…evolved
  determination; it fell in the sphere of necessity; but the Notion's own determination can only be the
  result of its free determining; a determinate being in which the Notion is identical with itself; its
  moments also being Notions and posited by the Notion itself。
  At first; therefore; the Notion is only in itself or implicitly the truth; because it is only something
  inner; it is equally only outer。
  It is at first simply an immediate and in this guise its moments have the form of immediate; fixed
  determinations。 It appears as the determinate Notion; as the sphere of the mere
  understanding。 Because this form of immediacy is still inadequate to the nature of the Notion; for
  this is free; being in relation only with itself; it is an external form in which the Notion cannot
  count as a being…in…and…for…self; but only as something posited or subjective。 The Notion in the
  guise of immediacy constitutes the point of view for which the Notion is a subjective thinking; a
  reflection external to the subject matter。 This stage; therefore; constitutes subjectivity; or the
  formal Notion。 Its externality is manifested in the fixed being of its determinations each of
  which appears independently as an isolated; qualitative something which is only externally
  related to its other。 But the identity of the Notion; which is precisely their inner or subjective
  essence; sets them dialectically in movement; with the result that their separatedness vanishes and
  with it the separation of the Notion from the object; and there emerges as their truth the totality
  which is the objective Notion。
  Secondly; the Notion in its objectivity is the subject matter in and for itself。 Through its
  necessary; progressive determination the formal Notion makes itself its subject matter and in this
  way is rid of the relation of subjectivity and externality to the object。 Or; conversely; objectivity is
  the real Notion that has emerged from its inwardness and passed over into determinate being。
  In this identity with the object; the Notion thus has a free determinate being of its own。 But this
  freedom is still only an immediate; not yet a negative; freedom。 As one with the object; the
  Notion is submerged in it; its distinct moments are objective existences in which it is itself again
  only the inner。 As the soul 'Seele' of objective reality it must give itself the form of subjectivity
  which; as formal Notion; belonged to it immediately; thus; in the form of the free Notion; a form
  which in objectivity it still lacked; it opposes itself to that objectivity and in so doing makes the
  identity with it which; as objective Notion it possesses in and for itself; also a posited identity。
  In this consummation in which it has the form of freedom even in its objectivity; the adequate
  Notion is the Idea。 Reason; which is the sphere of the Idea; is the self…revealed truth in which
  the Notion possesses the realisation that is wholly adequate to it; and is free; inasmuch as it
  cognises this its objective world in its subjectivity and its subjectivity in its objective world。
  'The above is reproduced in full; pages 577 to 597。'
  THE DOCTRINE OF THE NOTION
  Section One: Subjectivity
  The Notion is; in the first instance; formal; the Notion in its beginning or the immediate Notion。
  In the immediate unity; its difference or positedness is itself at first simple and only an illusory
  being 'Schein'; so that the moments of the difference are immediately the totality of the Notion
  and are simply the Notion as such。
  Secondly; however; because it is absolute negativity; it sunders itself and posits itself as the
  negative or as the other of itself; and further; because as yet it is only the immediate Notion; this
  positing or differentiation is characterised by the fact that the moments become indifferent to one
  another and each becomes for itself; in this partition; its unity is still only an external connection。
  As such connection of its moments; which are posited as self…subsistent and indifferent; it is
  Judgment。
  Thirdly; though the judgment does contain the unity of the Notion that has vanished into its
  self…subsistent moments; yet this unity is not posited。 It becomes so through the dialectical
  movement of the judgment; through which it has become the Syllogism; the Notion posited in its
  completeness; for in the syllogism there is posited not only the moments of the Notion as
  self…subsistent extremes; but also their mediating unity。
  But since this unity itself as the unifying middle; and the moments as self…subsistent extremes;
  are in the first instance immediately opposed to one another; this contradictory relationship that
  occurs in the formal syllogism sublates itself; and the completeness of the Notion passes over
  into the unity of the totality; the subjectivity of the Notion into its Objectivity。
  Chapter 1 The Notion
  Understanding is the term usually employed to express the faculty of notions; as so used; it is
  distinguished from the faculty of judgment and the faculty of syllogisms; of the formal reason But
  it is with reason that it is especially contrasted; in that case; however; it does not signify the faculty
  of the notion in general; but of determinate notions; and the idea prevails that the notion is only a
  determinate notion。 When the understanding in this signification is distinguished from the formal
  faculty of judgment and from the formal reason; it is to be taken as the faculty of the single
  determinate notion。 For the judgment and the syllogism or reason are; as formal; only a product of
  the understanding since they stand under the form of the abstract determinateness of the Notion。
  Here; however; the Notion emphatically does not rank as something merely abstractly
  determinate; consequently; the understanding is to be distinguished from reason only in the sense
  that the former is merely the faculty of the notion in general。
  This universal Notion; which we have now to consider here; contains the three moments:
  universality; particularity and individuality。 The difference and the determinations which the
  Notion gives itself in its distinguishing; constitute the side which was previously called positedness。
  As this is identical in the Notion with being…in…and…for…self; each of these moments is no less the
  whole Notion than it is a determinate Notion and a determination of the Notion。
  In the first instance; it is the pure Notion or the determination of universality。 But the pure or
  universal Notion is also only a determinate or particular Notion; which takes its place alongside
  other Notions。 Because the Notion is a totality; and therefore in its universality or pure identical
  self…relation is essentially a determining and a distinguishing; it therefore contains within itself the
  standard by which this form of its self…identity; in pervading and embracing all the moments; no
  less immediately determines itself to be only the universal over against the distinguishedness of the
  moments。
  Secondly; the Notion is thereby posited as this particular or determinate Notion; distinct from
  others。
  Thirdly; individuality is the Notion reflecting itself out of the difference into absolute negativity。
  This is; at the same time; the moment in which it has passed out of its identity into its otherness;
  and becomes the judgment。
  A The Universal Notion
  The pure Notion is the absolutely infinite; unconditioned and free。 It is here; at the outset of the
  discussion which has the Notion for its content; that we must look back once more at its genesis。
  Essence is the outcome of being; and the Notion; the outcome of essence; therefore also of
  being。 But this becoming has the significance of a self…repulsion; so that it is rather the outcome
  which is the unconditioned and original。 Being; in its transition into essence; has become an
  illusory being or a positedness; and becoming or transition into an other has become a positing;
  and conversely; the positing or reflection of essence has sublated itself and has restored itself as a
  being that is not posited; that is original。 The Notion is the interfusion of these moments; namely;
  qualitative and original being is such only as a positing; only as a return…into…self; and this pure
  reflection…into…self is a sheer becoming…other or determinateness which; consequently; is no less
  an infinite; self…relating determinateness。
  Thus the Notion is; in the first instance; the absolute self…identity that is such only as the negation
  of negation or as the infinite unity of the negativity with itself。 This pure relation of the Notion to
  itself; which is this relation by positing itself through the negativity; is the universal