第 21 节
作者:沸点123      更新:2021-02-27 02:03      字数:9322
  will meet Red Riding Hood; and the woodchopper chooses a position from
  which he can rush in at the critical moment; to save Red Riding Hood's
  life。
  Then; with gusto good to see; they play the game。 The teacher makes
  no suggestions; each actor creates his part。 Some children prove extremely
  expressive and facile; while others are limited by nature。 But each is left to
  his spontaneous action。
  In   the   course   of   several   days    several   sets  of   children   have    been
  allowed to try; then if any of them are notably good in the several roles;
  they   are   given   an   especial   privilege   in   that   story;   as   was   done   with   the
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  retelling。 When a child expresses a part badly; the teacher sometimes asks
  if anyone thinks of another way to do it; from different examples offered;
  the children then choose the one they prefer; this is adopted。 At no point is
  the teacher apparently teaching。 She lets the audience teach itself and its
  actors。
  The   children   played   a   good   many   stories   for   me   during   my   visit   in
  Providence。 Of them all; Red Riding Hood; The Fox and the Grapes; and
  The Lion and the Mouse were most vividly done。
  It will be long before the chief of the Little Red Riding Hoods fades
  from my memory。 She had a dark; foreign little face; with a good deal of
  darker hair tied back from it; and brown; expressive hands。 Her eyes were
  so full of dancing lights that when they met mine unexpectedly it was as if
  a chance reflection had dazzled me。 When she was told that she might play;
  she came up for her riding hood like an embodied delight; almost dancing
  as she moved。 (Her teacher used a few simple elements of stage…setting for
  her stories; such as bowls for the Bears; a cape for Riding Hood; and so
  on。)
  The game began at once。 Riding Hood started from the rear corner of
  the   room;   basket   on   arm;   her   mother   gave   her   strict   injunctions   as   to
  lingering   on   the   way;   and   she   returned   a   respectful   〃Yes;   mother。〃 Then
  she trotted round the aisle; greeting the wood… chopper on the way; to the
  deep wood which lay close by the teacher's desk。 There master wolf was
  waiting; and there the two held converse;master wolf very crafty indeed;
  Red   Riding   Hood   extremely   polite。   The   wolf   then   darted   on   ahead   and
  crouched down in the corner which represented grandmother's bed。 Riding
  Hood tripped   sedately  to   the   imaginary  door;  and knocked。 The   familiar
  dialogue   followed;   and   with   the   words   〃the   better   to   eat   you   with;   my
  dear!〃 the wolf clutched Red Riding Hood; to eat her up。 But we were not
  forced     to   undergo     the   threatened     scene    of   horrid   carnage;     as   the
  woodchopper   opportunely  arrived;   and   stated   calmly;   〃I   will   not   let   you
  kill Little Red Riding Hood。〃
  All    was   now     happily    culminated;     and    with   the   chopper's     grave
  injunction as to future  conduct in her ears;  the rescued heroine tip…   toed
  out of the woods; to her seat。
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  I wanted to applaud; but I realised in the nick of time that we were all
  playing; and held my peace。
  The Fox and the Grapes was more dramatically done; but was given by
  a single child。 He was the chosen 〃fox〃 of another primary room; and had
  the fair colouring and sturdy frame which matched his Swedish name。 He
  was naturally dramatic。 It was easy to see that he instinctively visualised
  everything; and this he did so strongly that he suggested to the onlooker
  every detail of the scene。
  He chose for his grape…trellis the rear wall of the room。
  Standing there; he looked longingly up at the invisible bunch of grapes。
  〃My gracious;〃 he said; 〃what fine grapes! I will have some。〃
  Then he jumped for them。
  〃Didn't get them;〃 he muttered; 〃I'll try again;〃 and he jumped higher。
  〃Didn't get them this time;〃 he said disgustedly; and hopped up once
  more。     Then    he   stood   still;  looked    up;  shrugged     his   shoulders;    and
  remarked in an absurdly worldly…wise tone; 〃Those grapes are sour!〃 After
  which he walked away。
  Of course the whole thing was infantile; and without a touch of grace;
  but   it   is   no   exaggeration   to   say   that   the   child   did   what   many   grown…up
  actors fail to do;he preserved the illusion。
  It was in still another room that I saw the lion and mouse fable played。
  The lion lay flat on the floor for his nap; but started up when he found
  his   paw   laid   on   the   little   mouse;   who   crouched   as   small   as   she   could
  beside him。 (The mouse was by nature rather larger than the lion; but she
  called what art she might to her assistance) The mouse persuaded the lion
  to lift his paw; and ran away。
  Presently a most horrific groaning emanated from the lion。 The mouse
  ran up; looked him over; and soliloquised in precise language; evidently
  remembered; 〃What is the matter with the lion? Oh; I see; he is caught in a
  trap。〃 And   then   she   gnawed   with   her   teeth   at   the   imaginary   rope   which
  bound him。
  〃What makes you so kind to me; little Mouse?〃 said the rescued lion。
  〃You let me go; when I asked you;〃 said the mouse demurely。
  〃Thank you; little Mouse;〃 answered the lion; and therewith; finis。
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  It   is  not   impossible      that   all  this   play   atmosphere      may     seem
  incongruous       and   unnecessary      to  teachers    used   to  more    conventional
  methods; but I feel sure that an actual experience of it would modify that
  point of view conclusively。 The children of the schools where story…telling
  and   〃dramatising〃   were   practised   were   startlingly   better   in   reading;   in
  attentiveness; and in general power of expression; than the pupils of like
  social conditions in the  same grades of other  cities which   I visited  soon
  after; and in which the more conventional methods were exclusively used。
  The teachers; also; were stronger in power of expression。
  But the   most   noticeable;   though the   least   tangible;   difference  was   in
  the moral atmosphere of the schoolroom。 There had been a great gain in
  vitality in all the rooms where stories were a part of the work。 It had acted
  and   reacted   on   pupils   and   teachers   alike。   The   telling   of   a   story   well   so
  depends on being thoroughly vitalised that; naturally; habitual telling had
  resulted in habitual vitalisation。
  This   result   was   not;   of   course;   wholly   due   to   the   practice   of   story…
  telling; but it was in some measure due to that。 And it was a result worth
  the effort。
  I   beg   to   urge   these   specific   uses   of   stories;   as   both   recreative   and
  developing;       and    as   especially    tending     toward     enlarged    power     of
  expression:      retelling   the   story;   illustrating   the   story   in  seat…   work;
  dramatisation。
  STORIES SELECTED AND ADAPTED FOR
  TELLING
  ESPECIALLY FOR KINDERGARTEN AND CLASS I。
  Wee Willie Winkie runs through the town; Upstairs and downstairs in
  his nightgown; Rapping at the window; crying through the lock; 〃Are the
  children in their beds; for now it's eight o'clock?〃
  There was a crooked man; and he went a crooked mile; He found a
  crooked sixpence against a crooked stile; He bought a crooked cat; which
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  caught   a   crooked   mouse; And   they   all   lived   together   in   a   little   crooked
  house。
  Cushy cow bonny; let down thy milk; And I will give thee a gown of
  silk; A gown of silk and a silver tee; If thou wilt let down thy milk to me。
  〃Little girl; little girl; where have you been?〃 〃Gathering roses to give
  to the queen。〃 〃Little girl; little girl; what gave she you?〃 〃She gave me a
  diamond as big as my shoe。〃
  Little Bo…peep has lost her sheep; And can't tell where to find them;
  Leave   them   alone;   and   they'll   come   home; And   bring   their   tails   behind
  them。 Little Bo peep fell fast asleep; And dreamt she heard them bleating;
  But when she awoke; she found it a joke; For still they all were fle