第 14 节
作者:沸点123      更新:2021-02-27 02:03      字数:9322
  links in the chain? How much of the text is pure description?
  Having   this   essential   body   of   the   story   in   mind;   one   then   decides
  which of the steps toward the climax are needed for safe arrival there; and
  keeps these。 When two or more steps can be covered in a single stride; one
  makes   the   stride。   When   a   necessary   explanation   is   unduly   long;   or   is
  woven      into   the  story   in  too   many     strands;   one    disposes    of  it  in  an
  introductory   statement;   or   perhaps   in   a   side   remark。   If   there   are   two   or
  more threads of narrative; one chooses among them; and holds strictly to
  the one chosen; eliminating details which concern the others。
  In order to hold the simplicity of plot so attained; it is also desirable to
  have but   few personages   in the story; and   to narrate the action   from  the
  point of view of one of them;usually the hero。 To shift the point of view
  of the action is confusing to the child's mind。
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  When      the   analysis   and    condensation      have    been   accomplished;       the
  whole must be cast in simple language; keeping if possible the same kind
  of speech as that used in the original; but changing difficult or technical
  terms to plain; and complex images to simple and familiar ones。
  All types of adaptation share in this need of simple language;stories
  which are too short; as well as those which are too long; have this feature
  in   their   changed   form。   The   change   in   a   short   story   is   applied   oftenest
  where   it   becomes   desirable   to   amplify   a   single   anecdote;   or   perhaps   a
  fable;   which   is   told   in   very   condensed   form。   Such   an   instance   is      the
  following anecdote of heroism; which in the original is quoted in one of F。
  W。 Robertson's lectures on Poetry。
  A   detachment      of   troops   was    marching      along    a  valley;   the  cliffs
  overhanging   which   were   crested   by   the   enemy。 A  sergeant;   with   eleven
  men; chanced to become separated from the rest by taking the wrong side
  of   a   ravine;  which   they  expected   soon   to   terminate; but   which   suddenly
  deepened into an impassable chasm。 The officer in command signalled to
  the   party  an   order   to   return。 They   mistook   the   signal   for   a   command   to
  charge;   the   brave   fellows   answered   with   a   cheer;   and   charged。   At   the
  summit   of   the   steep   mountain   was   a   triangular   platform;   defended   by   a
  breastwork; behind which were seventy of the foe。 On they went; charging
  up one of those fearful paths; eleven against seventy。 The contest could not
  long be doubtful with such odds。 One after another they fell; six upon the
  spot; the remainder hurled backwards; but not until they had slain nearly
  twice their own number。
  There is a custom; we are told; amongst the hillsmen; that when a great
  chieftain of their own falls in battle; his wrist is bound with a thread either
  of red or green; the red denoting the highest rank。 According to custom;
  they  stripped   the   dead;   and   threw   their   bodies over   the   precipice。 When
  their comrades came; they found their corpses stark and gashed; but round
  both wrists of every British hero was twined the red thread!
  This   anecdote   serves   its   purpose   of   illustration   perfectly   well;   but
  considered as a separate story it is somewhat too explanatory in diction;
  and too condensed in form。 Just as the long story is analysed for reduction
  of given details; so this must be analysed;to find the details implied。 We
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  have to read into it again all that has been left between the lines。
  Moreover; the order must be slightly changed; if we are to end with the
  proper 〃snap;〃 the final sting of surprise and admiration given by the point
  of the story; the point must be prepared for。 The purpose of the original is
  equally   well   served   by   the   explanation   at   the   end;   but   we   must   never
  forget that the place for the climax; or effective point in a story told; is the
  last thing said。 That is what makes a story 〃go off〃 well。
  Imagining      vividly   the   situation   suggested;     and   keeping    the  logical
  sequence of facts in mind; shall we not find the story telling itself to boys
  and girls in somewhat this form?
  THE RED THREAD OF COURAGE'1'
  '1' See also The Red Thread of Honour; by Sir Francis Doyle; in Lyra
  Heroica;
  This   story   which   I   am   going   to   tell   you   is   a   true   one。   It   happened
  while the English troops in India were fighting against some of the native
  tribes。 The  natives   who   were  making   trouble   were   people   from  the   hill…
  country; called Hillsmen; and they were strong enemies。 The English knew
  very   little   about   them;   except   their   courage;   but   they   had   noticed   one
  peculiar custom; after certain battles;the Hillsmen had a way of marking
  the bodies of their greatest chiefs who were killed in battle by binding a
  red   thread   about   the  wrist;   this   was   the highest   tribute  they  could   pay  a
  hero。 The English; however; found the common men of them quite enough
  to   handle;   for   they   had   proved   themselves   good   fighters   and   clever   at
  ambushes。
  One day; a small body of the English had marched a long way into the
  hill country; after the enemy; and in the afternoon they found themselves
  in   a   part   of   the   country   strange   even   to   the   guides。   The   men  moved
  forward very slowly and cautiously; for fear of an ambush。 The trail led
  into a narrow valley with very steep; high; rocky sides; topped with woods
  in which the enemy might easily hide。
  Here the soldiers were ordered to advance more quickly; though with
  caution; to get out of the dangerous place。
  After   a   little   they   came   suddenly   to   a   place   where   the   passage   was
  divided in two by a big three…cornered boulder which seemed to rise from
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  the   midst   of   the   valley。 The   main   line   of   men   kept   to   the   right;   to   save
  crowding the path; a sergeant and eleven men took the left; meaning to go
  round the rock and meet the rest beyond it。
  They had been in the path only a few minutes when they saw that the
  rock   was   not   a   single   boulder   at   all;   but   an   arm   of   the   left   wall   of   the
  valley;   and   that   they   were   marching   into   a   deep   ravine   with   no   outlet
  except      the   way     they   came。     Both     sides   were     sheer    rock;    almost
  perpendicular; with thick trees at the top; in front of them the ground rose
  in a steep hill; bare of woods。 As they looked up; they saw that the top was
  barricaded      by   the  trunks    of  trees;   and   guarded     by   a  strong   body    of
  Hillsmen。 As the English hesitated; looking at this; a shower of spears fell
  from the wood's edge; aimed by hidden foes。 The place was a death trap。
  At this moment; their danger was seen by the officer in command of
  the main body; and he signalled to the sergeant to retreat。
  By some terrible mischance; the signal was misunderstood。 The men
  took it for the signal to charge。 Without a moment's pause; straight up the
  slope; they charged on the run; cheering as they ran。
  Some   were   killed      by   the   spears  that   were   thrown     from   the   cliffs;
  before   they   had   gone   half   way;   some   were   stabbed   as   they   reached   the
  crest; and hurled backward from the precipice; two or three got to the top;
  and   fought   hand   to   hand   with   the   Hillsmen。   They   were   outnumbered;
  seven to one; but when the last of the English soldiers lay dead; twice their
  number of Hillsmen lay dead around them!
  When the relief party reached the spot; later in the day; they found the
  bodies     of   their  comrades;      full  of  wounds;      huddled     over   and    in  the
  barricade;     or   crushed    on   the   rocks   below。    They     were    mutilated    and
  battered;     and   bore   every    sign   of  the  terrible   struggle。    BUT     ROUND
  BOTH   WRISTS   OF   EVERY   BRITISH   SOLDIER   WAS   BOUND   THE
  RED THREAD!
  The Hillsmen had paid greater honour to their heroic foes than to the
  bravest of their own brave d