第 4 节
作者:沸点123      更新:2021-02-27 02:03      字数:9322
  moment   turn   into   the   well…known   and   beloved   relative   I   ought   to   have
  been。   Even   by   undressing   time   I   had   not   progressed   far   enough   to   be
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  HOW TO TELL STORIES TO CHILDREN AND SOME STORIES TO TELL
  allowed   intimate   approach   to   small   sacred   nightgowns   and   diminutive
  shirts。 The next morning; when I opened the door of the nursery where her
  maid was brushing her hair; the same dignity radiated from the little round
  figure perched on its high chair; the same almost hostile shyness gazed at
  me from the great expressive eyes。 Obviously; it was time for something to
  be done。
  Disregarding   my   lack   of   invitation;   I   drew   up   a   stool;   and   seating
  myself   opposite   the   small   unbending   person;   began   in   a   conversational
  murmur:   〃Mm;   I   guess   those   are   tingly…tanglies   up   there   in   that   curl
  Lottie's combing; did you ever hear about the tingly… tanglies? They live in
  little girls' hair; and they aren't any bigger than THAT; and when anybody
  tries to comb the hair they curl both weeny legs round; SO; and hold on
  tight with both weeny hands; SO; and won't let go!〃 As I paused; my niece
  made   a    queer    little  sound   indicative    of  query   battling   with    reserve。   I
  pursued the subject: 〃They like best to live right over a little girl's ear; or
  down in her neck; because it is easier to hang on; there; tingly… tanglies are
  very smart; indeed。〃
  〃What's ti…ly…ta…lies?〃 asked a curious; guttural little voice。
  I explained the nature and genesis of tingly… tanglies; as revealed to me
  some decades before by my inventive mother; and proceeded to develop
  their   simple    adventures。   When   next       I   paused   the   small  guttural   voice
  demanded; 〃Say more;〃 and I joyously obeyed。
  When the curls were all curled and the last little button buttoned; my
  baby niece climbed hastily down from her chair; and deliberately up into
  my  lap。 With   a   caress   rare   to   her habit   she spoke   my  name;   slowly  and
  tentatively; 〃An…ty Sai…ry?〃 Then; in an assured tone; 〃Anty Sairy; I love
  you so much I don't know what to do!〃 And; presently; tucking a confiding
  hand in mine to lead me to breakfast; she explained sweetly; 〃I didn' know
  you when you comed las' night; but now I know you all th' time!〃
  〃Oh;  blessed   tale;〃   thought   I;  〃so   easy  a  passport   to   a  confidence   so
  desired; so complete!〃 Never had the witchery of the story to the ear of a
  child come more closely home to me。 But the fact of the witchery was no
  new experience。 The surrender of the natural child to the story…teller is as
  absolute and invariable as that of a devotee to the priest of his own sect。
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  This power is especially valuable in the case of children whose natural
  shyness has been augmented by rough environment or by the strangeness
  of foreign habit。 And with such children even more than with others it is
  also true that the story is a simple and effective means of forming the habit
  of concentration; of fixed attention; any teacher who deals with this class
  of    children      knows      the   difficulty     of   doing     this   fundamental        and
  indispensable thing; and the value of any practical aid in doing it。
  More      than   one   instance    of   the  power     of  story…    telling  to   develop
  attentiveness comes to my mind; but the most prominent in memory is a
  rather recent incident; in which the actors were boys and girls far past the
  child…stage of docility。
  I had been asked to tell stories to about sixty boys and girls of a club;
  the    president     warned      me    in   her    invitation    that   the    children     were
  exceptionally       undisciplined;      but   my    previous     experiences      with   similar
  gatherings led me to interpret her words with a moderation which left me
  totally    unready     for   the   reality。  When      I  faced    my   audience;      I  saw   a
  squirming   jumble   of   faces;  backs   of   heads;   and   the   various   members   of
  many   small   bodies;not   a   person   in   the   room   was   paying   the   slightest
  attention   to    me;   the   president's   introduction   could        scarcely   be   said   to
  succeed in interrupting the interchange of social amenities which was in
  progress;   and   which   looked   delusively   like   a   free   fight。   I   came   as   near
  stage fright in the first minutes of that occasion as it is comfortable to be;
  and if   it had not been   impossible  to run   away  I  think   I  should not   have
  remained。 But I began; with as funny a tale as I knew; following the safe
  plan   of   not   speaking   very   loudly;   and   aiming   my   effort   at   the   nearest
  children。 As   I   went   on;   a   very   few   faces   held   intelligently   to   mine;   the
  majority  answered   only  fitfully;   and   not   a   few   of   my  hearers   conversed
  with their neighbours as if I were non… existent。 The sense of bafflement;
  the    futile   effort;   forced    the   perspiration     to   my    hands     and   faceyet
  something in the faces before me told me that it was no ill…will that fought
  against   me;   it   was   the   apathy   of   minds   without   the   power   or   habit   of
  concentration;   unable   to   follow   a   sequence   of   ideas   any   distance;   and
  rendered   more   restless   by   bodies   which   were   probably   uncomfortable;
  certainly undisciplined。
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  The first story took ten minutes。 When I began a second; a very short
  one;    the   initial   work    had    to  be   done    all  over    again;   for   the   slight
  comparative        quiet   I  had    won    had    been    totally   lost  in   the   resulting
  manifestation of approval。
  At   the   end   of   the   second   story;   the   room   was   really   orderly   to   the
  superficial     view;    but   where     I  stood   I  could    see   the   small    boy   who
  deliberately made a hideous face at me each time my eyes met his; the two
  girls who talked with their backs turned; the squirms of a figure here and
  there。 It seemed so disheartening a record of failure that I hesitated much
  to yield to the uproarious request for a third story; but finally I did begin
  again; on a very long story which for its own sake I wanted them to hear。
  This time the little audience settled to attention almost at the opening
  words。 After  about   five  minutes   I   was suddenly  conscious   of   a sense  of
  ease and   relief; a   familiar restful   feeling   in the   atmosphere; and then;  at
  last;   I  knew    that   my    audience     was   〃with    me;〃    that  they    and   I  were
  interacting without obstruction。 Absolutely quiet; entirely unconscious of
  themselves;       the  boys    and   girls   were    responding      to  every    turn   of  the
  narrative   as   easily   and   readily   as   any   group   of   story…bred   kindergarten
  children。 From then on we had a good time together。
  The process which took place in that small audience was a condensed
  example   of   what   one   may   expect   in   habitual   story…telling   to   a   group   of
  children。 Once having had the attention chained by crude force of interest;
  the children begin to expect something interesting from the teacher; and to
  wait for it。 And having been led step by step from one grade of a logical
  sequence to   another;  their   minds   at   first beguiled by  the   fascination   of
  the steps glide into the habit of following any logical sequence。 My club
  formed its habit; as far as I was concerned; all in one session; the ordinary
  demands of school procedure lengthen the process; but the result is equally
  sure。 By the end of a week in which the children have listened happily to a
  story every day; the habit of listening and deducing has been formed; and
  the    expectation     of  pleasantness      is  connected      with   the   opening     of  the
  teacher's lips。
  These two benefits are well worth the trouble they cost; and for these
  two; at least; any teacher who tells a story well may confidently look the
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  HOW TO TELL STORIES TO CHILDREN AND SOME STORIES TO TELL
  quick gaining of a confidential relation with the children; and the gradual
  development of concentration and interested attention in them。
  These are direc