bout　1720；　who　certainly　cannot　be　deemed　a　favorable　witness；　gives　the　following　account　of　the　office；　and　of　a　bard；　whom　he　heard　exercise　his　talent　of　recitation：'The　bard　is　killed　in　the　genealogy　of　all　the　Highland　families；　sometimes　preceptor　to　the　young　laird；　celebrates　in　Irish　verse　the　original　of　the　tribe；　the　famous　warlike　actions　of　the　successive　heads；　and　sings　his　own　lyricks　as　an　opiate　to　the　chief；　when　indisposed　for　sleep；　but　poets　are　not　equally　esteemed　and　honored　in　all　countries。　I　happened　to　be　a　witness　of　the　dishonour　done　to　the　muse；　at　the　house　of　one　of　the　chiefs；　where　two　of　these　bards　were　set　at　a　good　distance；　at　the　lower　end　of　a　long　table；　with　a　parcel　of　Highlanders　of　no　extraordinary　appearance；　over　a　cup　of　ale。　Poor　inspiration！　　They　were　not　asked　to　drink　a　glass　of　wine　at　our　table；　though　the　whole　company　consisted　only　of　the　great　man；　one　of　his　near　relations；　and　myself。　　After　some　little　time；　the　chief　ordered　one　of　them　to　sing　me　a　Highland　song。　　The　bard　readily　obeyed；　and　with　a　hoarse　voice；　and　in　a　tune　of　few　various　notes；　began；　as　I　was　told；　one　of　his　own　lyricks；　and　when　he　had　proceeded　to　the　fourth　of　fifth　stanza；　I　perceived；　by　the　names　of　several　persons；　glens；　and　mountains；　which　I　had　known　or　heard　of　before；　that　it　was　an　account　of　some　clan　battle。　　But　in　his　going　on；　the　chief　（who　piques　himself　upon　his　school…learning）　at　some　particular　passage；　bid　him　cease；　and　cryed　out；　〃There's　nothing　like　that　in　Virgil　or　Homer。〃　I　bowed；　and　told　him　I　believed　so。　　This　you　may　believe　was　very　edifying　and　delightful'〃　（Scott）。
  15。　　Than　men；　etc。　　〃It　is　evident　that　the　old　bard；　with　his　second…sight；　has　a　glimmering　notion　who　the　stranger　is。　He　speaks　below　＇311＇　of　'courtly　spy；'　and　James's　speech　had　betrayed　a　knowledge　of　the　Douglas〃　（Taylor）。
  20。　　Battled。　　The　reading　of　the　1st　ed。　and　that　of　1821；　〃battle〃　in　most　others。　　Cf。　i。　626　above。
  22。　　Where　beauty；　etc。　　The　MS。　has　〃At　tourneys　where　the　brave　resort。〃　　The　reference　is　to　the　tournaments；　〃Where；〃　as　Milton　says　（L'Allegro；　119）；
  〃throngs　of　knights　and　barons　bold。　　　　　In　weeds　of　peace；　high　triumphs　hold；　　　　　With　store　of　ladies；　whose　bright　eyes　　　　　Rain　influence；　and　judge　the　prize　　　　　Of　wit　or　arms；　while　both　contend　　　　　To　win　her　grace　whom　all　commend。〃
  Cf。　87　below。
  26。　　Love's。　　The　reading　of　the　1st　ed。　and　that　of　1821；　most　eds。　have　〃love。〃
  29。　　Plaided。　　The　plaid　was　properly　the　dress　of　a　Highlander；　though　it　was　worn　also　in　the　Lowlands。
  51。　　The　Harper　on　the　islet　beach。　　〃This　picture　is　touched　with　the　hand　of　the　true　poet〃　（Jeffrey）。
  56。　　As　from。　　As　if　from。　　Cf。　64　and　83　below。　　This　ellipsis　was　common　in　Elizabethan　English。　　Cf。　Shakespeare；　Macb。　ii。　2。　28：
  〃One　cried　'God　bless　us！'　and　'Amen'　the　other；　　　　　　As　they　had　seen　me　with　these　hangman's　hands。〃
  65。　　In　the　last　sound。　　For　the　measure；　see　on　i。　73　above。
  69。　　His　fleet。　　That　is；　of　ducks。　　Cf。　i。　239　above。
  80。　　Would　scorn。　　Who　would　scorn。　　See　on　i。　528　above。
  84。　　Turned　him。　　See　on　i。　142　above；　and　cf。　106　below。
  86。　　After。　　Afterwards；　as　in　Shakespeare；　Temp。　ii。　2。　10：　〃And　after　bite　me；〃　etc。　　The　word　is　not　now　used　adverbially　of　time；　though　we　may　say　〃he　followed　after；〃　etc。　　The　1st　ed。　reads　〃that　knight。〃
  94。　　Parts。　　Departs；　as　often　in　poetry　and　earlier　English。　Cf。　　Goldsmith；　D。　V。　171：　〃Beside　the　bed　where　parting　life　was　laid；〃　Gray；　Elegy；　1：　〃the　knell　of　parting　day；〃　etc。　　On　the　other　hand；　depart　was　used　in　the　sense　of　part。　　In　the　Marriage　Service　〃till　death　us　do　part〃　is　a　corruption　of　〃till　death　us　depart。〃　　Wiclif's　Bible；　in　Matt。　xix。　6；　has　〃therfor　a　man　departe　not　that　thing　that　God　hath　ioyned。〃
  103。　　Another　step；　etc。　　The　MS。　has　〃The　loveliest　Lowland　fair　to　spy；〃　and　the　1st　ed。　reads　〃The　step　of　parting　fair　to　spy。〃
  109。　　The　Graeme。　　Scott　has　the　following　note　here：　〃The　ancient　and　powerful　family　of　Graham　（which；　for　metrical　reasons；　is　here　smelled　after　the　Scottish　pronunciation）　held　extensive　possessions　in　the　counties　of　Dumbarton　and　Stirling。　　Few　families　can　boast　of　more　historical　renown；　having　claim　to　three　of　the　most　remarkable　characters　in　the　Scottish　annals。　　Sir　John　the　Graeme；　the　faithful　and　undaunted　partaker　of　the　labors　and　patriotic　warfare　of　Wallace；　fell　in　the　unfortunate　field　of　Falkirk；　in　1298。　　The　celebrated　Marquis　of　Montrose；　in　whom　De　Retz　saw　realized　his　abstract　idea　of　the　heroes　of　antiquity；　was　the　second　of　these　worthies。　　And；　not　withstanding　the　severity　of　his　temper；　and　the　rigor　with　which　he　executed　the　oppressive　mandates　of　the　princes　whom　he　served；　I　do　not　hesitate　to　name　as　the　third；　John　Graeme；　of　Claverhouse；　Viscount　of　Dundee；　whose　heroic　death；　in　the　arms　of　victory；　may　be　allowed　to　cancel　the　memory　of　his　cruelty　to　the　non…conformists；　during　the　reigns　of　Charles　II。　and　James　II。〃
  112。　　Bower。　　The　word　meant　a　chamber　（see　on　i。　217　above）；　and　was　often　used　of　the　ladies'　apartments　in　a　house。　　In　hall　and　bower　=　among　men　and　women。　　The　words　are　often　thus　associated。　　Cf。　Spenser；　Astrophel；　28：　〃Merily　masking　both　in　bowre　and　hall；〃　etc。
  115。　　Arose。　　The　1st　ed。　misprints　〃Across；〃　not　noted　in　the　Errata。
  126。　　And　the　proud　march。　　See　on　i。　73　above。
  131。　　Saint　Modan。　　A　Scotch　abbot　of　the　7th　century。　　Scott　says　here：　〃I　am　not　prepared　to　show　that　Saint　Modan　was　a　performer　on　the　harp。　　It　was；　however；　no　unsaintly　accomplishment；　for　Saint　Dunstan　certainly　did　play　upon　that　instrument；　which　retaining；　as　was　natural；　a　portion　of　the　sanctity　attached　to　its　master's　character；　announced　future　events　by　its　spontaneous　sound。　'But　labouring　once　in　these　mechanic　arts　for　a　devout　matrone　that　had　sett　him　on　work；　his　violl；　that　hung　by　him　on　the　wall；　of　its　own　accord；　without　anie　man's　helpe；　distinctly　sounded　this　anthime：　Gaudent　in　coelis　animae　sanctorum　qui　Christi　vestigia　sunt　secuti；　et　quia　pro　eius　amore　sanguinem　suum　fuderunt；　ideo　cum　Christo　gaudent　aeternum。　　Whereat　all　the　companie　being　much　astonished；　turned　their　eyes　from　beholding　him　working；　to　looke　on　that　strange　accident。　。。。　Not　long　after；　manie　of　the　court　that　hitherunto　had　born　a　kind　of　fayned　friendship　towards　him；　began　now　greatly　to　envie　at　his　progresse　and　rising　in　goodness；　using　manie　crooked；　backbiting　meanes　to　diffame　his　vertues　with　the　black　markes　of　hypocrisie。　　And　the　better　to　authorise　their　calumnie；　they　brought　in　this　that　happened　in　the　violl；　affirming　it　to　have　been　done　by　art　magick。　　What　more？　this　wicked　rumour　encreased；　dayly；　till　the　king　and　others　of　the　nobilitie　taking　hould　thereof；　Dunstan　grew　odious　in　their　sight。　Therefore　he　resolued　to　leaue　the　court；　and　goe　to　Elphegus；　surnamed　the　Bauld；　then　bishop　of　Winchester；　who　was　his　cozen。　Which　his　enemies　understanding；　they　layd　wayte　for　him　in　the　way；　and　hauing　throwne　him　off　his　horse；　beate　him；　and　dragged　him　in　the　durt　in　the　most　miserable　manner；　meaning　to　have　slaine　him；　had　not　a　companie　of　mastiue　dogges；　that　came　unlookt　uppon　them；　defended　and　redeemed　him　from　their　crueltie。　　When　with　sorrow　he　was　ashamed　to　see　dogges　more　humane　than　they。　　And　giuing　thankes　to　Almightie　God；　he　sensibly　againe　perceaued　that　the　tunes　of　his　violl　had　giuen　him　a　warning　of　future　accidents'　（Flower　of　the　Lives　of　the　most　renowned　Sainets　of　England；　Scotland；　and　Ireland；　by　the　R。　Father　Hierome　Porter。　　Doway；　1632　4to。　tome　i。　p。　438）。
  〃The　same　supernatural　circumstance　is　alluded　to　by　the　anonymous　author　of　Grim；　the　Collier　of　Croydon：
  '…＇Dunstant's　harp　sounds　on　the　wall。＇　　　　　　　'Forrest。　　Hark；　hark；　my　lord；　the　holy　abbot's　harp　　　　　Sounds　by　itself　so　hanging　on　the　wall！　　　　　　　'Dunstan。　　Unhallow'd　man；　that　scorn'st　the　sacred　rede；　　　　　Hark；　how　the　testimony　of　my　truth　　　　　Sounds　heavenly　music　with　an　angel's　hand；　　　　　To　testify　Dunstan's　integrity；　　　　　And　prove　thy　active　boast　of　no　effect。'〃
  141。　　Bothwell's　bannered　hall。　　The　picturesque　ruins　of　Bothwell　Castle　stand　on　the　banks　of　the　Clyde；　about　nine　miles　above　Glasgow。　　Some　parts　of　the　walls　are　14　feet　thick；　and　60　feet　in　height。　　They　are　covered　with　ivy；　wild　roses；　and　wall…　flowers。
  〃The　tufted　grass　lines　Bothwell's　ancient　hall；　　　　　　The　fox　peeps　cautious　from　the　creviced　wall；　　　　　　Where　once　proud　Murray；　Clydesdale's　ancient　lord；　　　　　　A　mimic　sovereign；　held　the　festal　board。〃
  142。　　Ere　Douglases；　to　ruin　driven。　　Scott　says：　〃The　downfall　of　the　Douglases　of　the　house　of　Angus；　during　the　reign　of　James　V。；　is　the　event　alluded　to　in　the　text。　　The　Earl　of　Angus；　it　will　be　remembered；　had　married　the　queen　dowager；　and　availed　himself　of　the　right　which　he　thus　acquired；　as　well　as　of　his　extensive　power；　to　retain　the　king　in　a　sort　of　tutelage；　which　approached　very　near　to　captivity。　　Several　open　attempts　were　made　to　rescue　James　from　this　thraldom；　with　which　he　was　well　known　t