第 23 节
作者:
曾氏六合网 更新:2021-02-27 01:39 字数:9322
w before I began my course as a man of letters。 If a man is determined to make a noise in the world; he is as sure to encounter abuse and ridicule; as he who gallops furiously through a village must reckon on being followed by the curs in full cry。 Experienced persons know that in stretching to flog the latter; the rider is very apt to catch a bad fall; nor is an attempt to chastise a malignant critic attended with less danger to the author。 On this principle; I let parody; burlesque; and squibs find their own level; and while the latter hissed most fiercely; I was cautious never to catch them up; as schoolboys do; to throw them back against the naughty boy who fired them off; wisely remembering that they are in such cases apt to explode in the handling。 Let me add; that my reign'FN#4' (since Byron has so called it) was marked by some instances of good… nature as well as patience。 I never refused a literary person of merit such services in smoothing his way to the public as were in my power; and I had the advantage; rather an uncommon one with our irritable race; to enjoy general favour without incurring permanent ill…will; so far as is known to me; among any of my contemporaries。
W。S。 Abbotsford; April; 1830。
Our limits do not permit us to add any extended selections from the many critical notices of the poem。 The verdict of Jeffrey; in the Edinburgh Review; on its first appearance; has been generally endorsed:
〃Upon the whole; we are inclined to think more highly of The Lady of the Lake than of either of its author's former publications 'the Lay and Marmion'。 We are more sure; however; that it has fewer faults than that it has greater beauties; and as its beauties bear a strong resemblance to those with which the public has been already made familiar in these celebrated works; we should not be surprised if its popularity were less splendid and remarkable。 For our own parts; however; we are of opinion that it will be oftener read hereafter than either of them; and that; if it had appeared first in the series; their reception would have been less favourable than that which it has experienced。 It is more polished in its diction; and more regular in its versification; the story is constructed with infinitely more skill and address; there is a greater proportion of pleasing and tender passages; with much less antiquarian detail; and; upon the whole; a larger variety of characters; more artfully and judiciously contrasted。 There is nothing so fine; perhaps; as the battle in Marmion; or so picturesque as some of the scattered sketches in the Lay; but there is a richness and a spirit in the whole piece which does not pervade either of those poems; a profusion of incident and a shifting brilliancy of colouring that reminds us of the witchery of Ariosto; and a constant elasticity and occasional energy which seem to belong more peculiarly to the author now before us。〃
Canto First。
Each canto is introduced by one or more Spenserian stanzas;'FN#5' forming a kind of prelude to it。 Those prefixed to the first canto serve as an introduction to the whole poem; which is 〃inspired by the spirit of the old Scottish minstrelsy。〃
2。 Witch…elm。 The broad…leaved or wych elm (Ulmus montana); indigenous to Scotland。 Forked branches of the tree were used in the olden time as divining…rods; and riding switches from it were supposed to insure good luck on a journey。 In the closing stanzas of the poem (vi。 846) it is called the 〃wizard elm。〃 Tennyson (In Memoriam; 89) refers to
〃Witch…elms that counterchange the floor Of this flat lawn with dusk and bright。〃
Saint Fillan was a Scotch abbot of the seventh century who became famous as a saint。 He had two springs; which appear to be confounded by some editors of the poem。 One was at the eastern end of Loch Earn; where the pretty modern village of St。 Fillans now stands; under the shadow of Dun Fillan; or St。 Fillan's Hills; six hundred feet high; on the top of which the saint used to say his prayers; as the marks of his knees in the rock still testify to the credulous。 The other spring is at another village called St。 Fillans; nearly thirty miles to the westward; just outside the limits of our map; on the road to Tyndrum。 In this Holy Pool; as it is called; insane folk were dipped with certain ceremonies; and then left bound all night in the open air。 If they were found loose the next morning; they were supposed to have been cured。 This treatment was practised as late as 1790; according to Pennant; who adds that the patients were generally found in the morning relieved of their troublesby death。 Another writer; in 1843; says that the pool is still visited; not by people of the vicinity; who have no faith in its virtue; but by those from distant places。 Scott alludes to this spring in Marmion; i。 29:
〃Thence to Saint Fillan's blessed well; Whose springs can frenzied dreams dispel; And the crazed brain restore。〃
3。 And down the fitful breeze; etc。 The original MS。 reads:
〃And on the fitful breeze thy numbers flung; Till envious ivy; with her verdant ring; Mantled and muffled each melodious string; O Wizard Harp; still must thine accents sleep?〃
10。 Caledon。 Caledonia; the Roman name of Scotland。
14。 Each according pause。 That is; each pause in the singing。 In Marmion; ii。 11; according is used of music that fills the intervals of other music:
〃Soon as they neared his turrets strong; The maidens raised Saint Hilda's song; And with the sea…wave and the wind Their voices; sweetly shrill; combined; And made harmonious close; Then; answering from the sandy shore; Half…drowned amid the breakers' roar; According chorus rose。〃
The MS。 reads here:
〃At each according pause thou spokest aloud Thine ardent sympathy sublime and high。〃
28。 The stag at eve had drunk his fill。 The metre of the poem proper is iambic; that is; with the accent on the even syllables; and octosyllabic; or eight syllables to the line。
29。 Monan's rill。 St。 Monan was a Scotch martyr of the fourth century。 We can find no mention of any rill named for him。
31。 Glenartney。 A valley to the north…east of Callander; with Benvoirlich (which rises to the height of 3180 feet) on the north; and Uam…Var (see 53 below) on the south; separating it from the valley of the Teith。 It takes its name from the Artney; the stream flowing through it。
32。 His beacon red。 The figure is an appropriate one in describing this region; where fires on the hill…tops were so often used as signals in the olden time。 Cf。 the Lay; iii。 379:
〃And soon a score of fires; I ween; From height; and hill; and cliff; were seen; Each with warlike tidings fraught; Each from each the signal caught;〃 etc。
34。 Deep…mouthed。 Cf。 Shakespeare; 1 Hen。 VI。 ii。 4。 12: 〃Between two dogs; which hath the deeper mouth;〃 and T。 of S。 ind。 1。 18: 〃the deep…mouthed brach〃 (that is; hound)。
The MS。 reads:
〃The bloodhound's notes of heavy bass Resounded hoarsely up the pass。〃
35。 Resounded 。。。 rocky。 The poet often avails himself of 〃apt alliteration's artful aid;〃 as here; and in the next two lines; most frequently in pairs of words。
38。 As Chief; etc。 Note here; as often; the simile put BEFORE that which it illustrates;an effective rhetorical; though not the logical; arrangement。
45。 Beamed frontlet。 Antlered forehead。
46。 Adown。 An instance of a purely poetical word; not admissible in prose。
49。 Chase。 Here put for those engaged in the chase; as in 101 and 171; below。 One of its regular meanings is the OBJECT of the chase; or the animal pursued。
53。 Uam…Var。 〃Ua…Var; as the name is pronounced; or more properly Uaigh…mor; is a mountain to the north…east of the village of Callander; in Menteith; deriving its name; which signifies the great den; or cavern; from a sort of retreat among the rocks on the south side; said; by tradition; to have been the abode of a giant。 In latter times; it was the refuge of robbers and banditti; who have been only extirpated within these forty or fifty years。 Strictly speaking; this stronghold is not a cave; as the name would imply; but a sort of small enclosure; or recess; surrounded with large rocks and open above head。 It may have been originally designed as a toil for deer; who might get in from the outside; but would find it difficult to return。 This opinion prevails among the old sportsmen and deer…stalkers in the neighborhood〃 (Scott)。
54。 Yelled。 Note the emphatic force of the inversion; as in 59 below。 Cf。 38 above。
Opening。 That is; barking on view or scent of the game; a hunting term。 Cf。 Shakespeare; M。 W。 iv。 2。 209: 〃If I bark out thus upon no trail never trust me when I open again。〃
The description of the echo which follows is very spirited。
66。 Cairn。 Literally; a heap of stones; here put poetically for the rocky point which the falcon takes as a look…out。
69。 Hurricane。 A metaphor for the wild rush of the hunt。
71。 Linn。 Literally; a deep pool; but often = cataract; as in Bracklinn; ii。 270 below (cf。 vi。 488); and sometimes = pre