第 18 节
作者:连过十一人      更新:2021-02-27 01:34      字数:9322
  sophistical。   For   I   would   wish   my   writings   not   to   seem   but   rather   to   be
  useful。 I would have them stand the test of ages in their blamelessness。'11'
  '8' {onomasi}; 〃in names〃; {noemasi}; 〃thoughts and ideas。〃
  '9' Or; 〃I am alive to the advantage to be got from methodic; orderly
  expression artistically and morally。〃
  '10'   This   passage;   since   H。   Estienne   (Stephanus)   first   wrote   against
  it 〃huic loco meae conjecturae succumbunt;〃 has been a puzzle to                            all
  commentators。 The words run: {ou lanthanei de me oti kalos kai                            exes
  gegraphthai}   '{gegraptai}   in   the   margin   of   one   MS。'   {radion                 gar
  estai autois takhu me orthos mempsasthai' kaitoi gegraptai ge                            outos
  k。t。l。} For {takhu me orthos} (1) {takhu ti me orthos}; (2)                          {to} (or
  {ta})     {me    orthos};    have   been    suggested。     It  is  not  clear         whether
  {autois} = {tois sophistais} (e。g。 〃it will be easy for                     these people to
  lay    a  finger    at  once    on   blots;   however      unfairly〃);           or    =  {tois
  suggrammasi} (sc。  my(?) compositions; so {auta}; S。 7                           below; {ou
  gar dokein auta boulomai k。t。l。}) (e。g。 〃since it will                     be easy offhand
  to find fault with them incorrectly〃) 'or if {ta                    me orthos}; 〃what is
  incorrect in them〃'。 I append the three                  translations of Gail; Lenz; and
  Talbot。 〃Je sais combien il est                avantageux de presenter des ouvrages
  methodiquement   ecrits;   aussi               par   le   meme   sera…t…il   plus   facile   de
  prouver aux sophistes leur                futilite!〃 {radion gar estai} 'sub。 {emoi}'
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  {mempsasthai         outois         takhu    (to)  me}    (sous…entendu)      {gegraphthai
  orthos} (Gail)。 〃Zwar              entgeht mir nicht; dass es schon say die Worte
  kunstvoll zu           ordnen; denn leichter wird ihnen sonst; schnell; aber mit
  Unrecht             zu    tadeln〃    (Lenz)。    〃Aussi    leur   sera…t…il   facile  de   me
  reprocher           d'ecrire vite et sans ordre〃 (Talbot)。 As if {takhu me orthos}
  were the reproachful comment of the sophist on the author's                       treatise。
  '11'   i。e。   〃the   arguments   to   be   blameless   at   once   and   irrefutable   for
  all time。〃
  That is my  point of view。 The sophist has   quite anotherwords   with
  him are for the sake of deception; writing for personal gain; to benefit any
  other   living   soul   at   all   is   quite   beside   his   mark。 There   never   was   nor   is
  there now a sage among them to whom the title 〃wise〃 could be applied。
  No! the appellation 〃sophist〃 suffices for each and all; which among men
  of common sense'12' sounds like a stigma。 My advice then is to mistrust
  the    sonorous     catch…words'13'       of  the   sophist;   and   not   to  despise    the
  reasoned   conclusions'14'   of   the   philosopher;   for   the   sophist   is   a   hunter
  after the rich and young; the philosopher is the common friend of all; he
  neither honours nor despises the fortunes of men。
  '12' L。 Dind。 cf。 Eur。 〃Heracl。〃 370; {tou tauta kalos an eie} | {para
  g' eu phronousin}。
  '13' {paraggelmata}。 Cf。 Aesch。 〃Ag。〃 480; 〃telegraph〃; Lys。 121。 32;
  Dem。      569。    1;   〃words     of   command〃;       Dion。    H。    〃De    Comp。〃      248;
  〃instructions; precepts。〃
  '14' {enthumemata}。
  Nor   would   I   have   you   envy   or   imitate   those   either   who   recklessly
  pursue the path of self…aggrandisement;'15' whether in private or in public
  life; but consider well'16' that the best of men;'17' the true nobility; are
  discovered by their virtues;'18' they are a laborious upwards…striving race;
  whilst     the   base   are   in  evil   plight'19'    and    are   discovered     by   their
  demerits。'20'   Since   in   proportion   as   they   rob   the   private   citizen   of   his
  means and despoil the state'21' they are less serviceable with a view to the
  public safety than any private citizen;'22' and what can be worse or more
  disgraceful      for  purposes     of   war   than   the   bodily    form    of  people    so
  incapable of toil?'23' Think of huntsmen by contrast; surrendering to the
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  common weal person and property alike in perfect condition for service of
  the citizens。 They have both a battle to wage certainly: only the one set are
  for attacking beasts; and the other their own friends。'24' And naturally the
  assailant of his own friends does not win the   general esteem;'25'  whilst
  the huntsman in attacking a wild beast may win renown。 If successful in
  his capture; he was won a victory over a hostile brood; or failing; in the
  first   place;   it   is   a   feather   in   his   cap   that   his   attempt   is   made   against
  enemies      of  the   whole    community;      and   secondly;     that  it  is  not  to  the
  detriment of man nor for love of gain that the field is taken; and thirdly; as
  the outcome of the very attempt; the hunter is improved in many respects;
  and all the wiser: by what means we will explain。 Were it not for the very
  excess of his   pains; his well…reasoned devices; his manifold precautions;
  he   would   never   capture   the   quarry   at   all;   since   the   antagonists   he   deals
  with are doing battle for bare life and in their native haunts;'26' and are
  consequently in great force。 So that if he fails to overmatch the beasts by a
  zest for toil transcending theirs and plentiful intelligence; the huntsman's
  labours are in vain。
  '15'    Or;   〃surrender     themselves      heedlessly     to   the   ways    of   self…
  seeking。〃 But the phraseology here seems to savour of extreme                         youth;
  or else senility。
  '16' {enthumethenta}。 Query; in reference to {enthumemata} above?
  '17'   Reading   {andron}。   For   the   vulg。   {auton}   see   Schneid。   ad   loc。;
  who          suggests {ton aston}。
  '18' 〃Recognisable for the better。〃
  '19' 〃They are not famous but infamous〃; 〃the bad fare as their name
  suggests〃 (i。e。 badly)。
  '20' 〃Recognisable for the worse。〃
  '21' Or; 〃what with private extortionsand public peculation。〃
  '22' {ton idioton}; 〃laymen;〃 I suppose; as opposed to 〃professional〃
  lawyers or politicians。
  '23'   〃What   with   their   incapacity   for   hard   work;   their   physique   for
  purposes of war is a mockery and a sham。〃
  '24' Cf。 Plat。 〃Soph。〃
  '25' Or; 〃earns but an evil reputation in the world。〃
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  '26' 〃They are being bearded in their dens。〃
  I go back to my proposition then。 Those self…seeking politicians; who
  want   to   feather   their   own   nests;'27'   practise   to   win   victories   over   their
  own side; but the sportsman confines himself to the common enemy。 This
  training of theirs renders the one set more able to cope with the foreign foe;
  the   others   far   less   able。   The   hunting   of   the   one   is   carried   on   with   self…
  restraint;    of  the   others   with    effrontery。    The   one   can    look   down     with
  contempt   upon   maliciousness   and   sordid   love   of   gain;   the   other   cannot。
  The     very   speech    and    intonation    of   the  one   has   melody;     of  the   other
  harshness。 And with regard to things divine; the one set know no obstacle
  to their impiety; the others are of all men the most pious。 Indeed ancient
  tales affirm'28' that the very gods themselves take joy in this work'29' as
  actors and spectators。 So that;'30' with due reflection on these things; the
  young who act upon my admonitions will be found; perchance; beloved of
  heaven and reverent of soul; checked by the thought that some one of the
  gods is eyeing their performance。'31'
  '27'   Or;   〃Those   people   who   would   fain   have   the   lion's   share   in   the
  state。〃
  '28' Or; 〃an ancient story obtains。〃
  '29' Sc。 〃of the chase。〃
  '30'   Or   {uparkhein}   =   〃it   may   be   considered   as   given。〃   Scheid。   cf。
  〃Pol。 Ath。〃 iii。 9; {oste uparkhein demokratian einai}。
  '31' Lit。 〃that the things in question are beheld by some divinity。〃
  These are  the youths   who will   prove  a blessing to their parents;  and
  not to their parents only but to the whole state; to every citizen alike an