第 7 节
作者:连过十一人      更新:2021-02-27 01:34      字数:9322
  Whilst being hunted they are most visible in crossing ground that has
  been turned up by the plough; if; that is; they have any trace of red about
  them;   or   through   stubble;   owing   to   reflection。   So;   too;   they   are   visible
  enough   on   beaten   paths or   roads;  presuming these   are   fairly  level;  since
  the bright hue of their coats lights up by contrast。 On the other hand; they
  are not noticeable when they seek the cover of rocks; hills; screes; or scrub;
  owing to similarity of colour。 Getting a fair start of the hounds; they will
  stop short; sit up and rise themselves up on their haunches;'32' and listen
  for any bark or other clamour of the hounds hard by; and when the sound
  reaches them; off and away they go。 At times; too; without hearing; merely
  fancying or persuading themselves that they hear the hounds; they will fall
  to    skipping      backwards        and     forwards      along     the    same     trail;'33'
  interchanging   leaps;   and   interlacing   lines   of   scent;'34'   and   so   make   off
  and away。
  '32'    Cf。   the  German      〃Mannerchen        machen;〃      〃play   the   mannikin。〃
  Shaks。           〃V。 and A。〃 697 foll。
  '33' Passage imitated by Arrian; xvi。 1。
  '34'   Lit。   〃imprinting     track   upon   track;〃   but   it   is   better   perhaps   to
  avoid the language of woodcraft at this point。
  These   animals   will   give   the   longest   run   when   found   upon   the   open;
  there being nothing there to screen the view; the shortest run when started
  out of thickets; where the very darkness is an obstacle。
  There are two distinct kinds of harethe big kind; which is somewhat
  dark   in   colour'35'   with   a   large   white   patch   on   the   forehead;   and   the
  smaller kind; which is yellow…brown with only a little white。 The tail of
  the former kind is variegated in a circle; of the other; white at the side。'36'
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  The eyes of the large kind are slightly inclined to gray;'37' of the smaller;
  bluish。 The black about the tips of the ears is largely spread in the one; but
  slightly in the other species。 Of these two species; the smaller is to be met
  with in most of the islands; desert and inhabited alike。 As regards numbers
  they are more abundant in the islands than on the mainland; the fact being
  that in most of these there are no foxes to attack and carry off either the
  grown   animal   or   its     young;   nor   yet   eagles;   whose   habitat   is   on    lofty
  mountains       rather   than   the   lower    type   of  hills  which     characterise     the
  islands。'38' Again;   sportsmen   seldom   visit   the   desert   islands;   and   as   to
  those  which   are   inhabited;  the  population is   but   thinly  scattered   and   the
  folk themselves not addicted to the chase; while in the case of the sacred
  islands;'39' the importation of dogs is not allowed。 If; then; we consider
  what   a   small   proportion   of   hares   existent   at   the   moment   will   be   hunted
  down and again the steady increase of the stock through reproduction; the
  enormous numbers will not be surprising。'40'
  '35'    {epiperknoi}。      Cf。   Pollux;    v。  67    foll。;  〃mottled    with    black。〃
  Blane。
  '36' Reading {paraseiron}; perhaps 〃mottled〃; vulg。 {paraseron}。 Al。
  {parasuron}; 〃ecourtee;〃 Gail。
  '37'    {upokharopoi};       〃subfulvi;〃     Sturz;   i。e。  〃inclined   to  tawny〃;     al。
  〃fairly     lustrous。〃     Cf。    {ommata        moi     glaukas      kharopotera       pollon
  'Athanas}; Theocr。 xx。 25; but see Aristot。 〃H。 A。〃 i。 10; 〃Gen。                      An。〃 v。
  1。 20。
  '38'    Lit。  〃and    those   on   the  islands    are  for   the  most    part   of  low
  altitude。〃
  '39' e。g。 Delos。 See Strab。 x。 456; Plut。 〃Mor。〃 290 B; and so Lagia;
  Plin。 iv。 12。
  '40'   Lit。   〃As   the   inhabitants   hunt   down   but   a   few   of   them;   these
  constantly      being    added     to  by   reproduction;      there    must    needs    be   a
  large number of them。〃
  The hare has not a keen sight for many reasons。 To begin with; its eyes
  are   set   too   prominently   on   the   skull;   and   the   eyelids   are   clipped   and
  blear;'41' and afford no protection to the pupils。'42' Naturally the sight is
  indistinct   and   purblind。'43'   Along   with   which;   although   asleep;   for   the
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  most part it does not enjoy visual repose。'44' Again; its very fleetness of
  foot contributes largely towards dim… sightedness。 It can only take a rapid
  glance     at  things    in  passing;     and   then    off  before    perceiving      what    the
  particular object is。'45'
  '41' Or; 〃defective。〃
  '42' Al。 〃against the sun's rays。〃
  '43' Or; 〃dull and mal…concentrated。〃 See Pollux; v。 69。
  '44' i。e。 〃its eyes are not rested; because it sleeps with them open。〃
  '45'     i。e。  〃it  goes    so   quick;    that   before     it  can   notice     what    the
  particular   object   is;   it   must   avert   its   gaze   to   the   next;   and   then    the
  next; and so on。〃
  The alarm; too; of those hounds for ever at its heels pursuing combines
  with everything'46' to rob the creature of all prescience; so that for this
  reason alone it will run its head into a hundred dangers unawares; and fall
  into the toils。 If it held on its course uphill;'47' it would seldom meet with
  such     a  fate;   but   now;    through     its  propensity     to   circle   round    and    its
  attachment to the place where it was born and bred; it courts destruction。
  Owing       to  its  speed    it  is  not   often   overtaken      by   the   hounds     by   fair
  hunting。'48'   When   caught;   it   is   the   victim   of   a   misfortune   alien   to   its
  physical nature。
  '46'     {meta    touton};     sc。   〃with    these   other    causes〃;     al。  〃with    the
  dogs〃; i。e。 〃like a second nightmare pack。〃
  '47' Reading {orthion}; or if {orthon}; transl。 〃straight on。〃
  '48'    {kata    podas};     i。e。  〃by   running     down〃;     cf。  〃Mem。〃       II。  vi。  9;
  〃Cyrop。〃 I。 vi。 40; re two kinds of hound: the one for scent; the                          other
  for speed。
  The   fact   is;   there   is   no  other   animal   of   equal size   which   is   at   all   its
  match   in   speed。   Witness   the   conformation   of   its   body:   the   light;   small
  drooping   head   'narrow   in   front';'49'   the   'thin   cylindrical''50'   neck;   not
  stiff   and   of   a  moderate   length;      straight   shoulder…blades;        loosely   slung
  above; the fore…legs attached to them; light and set close together;'51' the
  undistended        chest;'52'     the   light  symmetrical        sides;   the   supple;    well…
  rounded   loins; the   fleshy  buttocks;   the  somewhat   sunken   flanks;'53'   the
  hips; well rounded; plump at every part; but with a proper interval above;
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  the long and solid thighs; on the outside tense and not too flabby on the
  inside;   the   long;   stout   lower   legs   or   shanks;   the   fore…feet;   exceedingly
  pliant; thin; and straight; the hind…feet firm and broad; front and hind alike
  totally regardless of rough ground; the hind…legs far longer than the fore;
  inclined outwards somewhat; the fur'54' short and light。
  '49' Reading {katophere 'stenen ek tou emprosthen'}。 See Lenz ad loc。
  pp。 23; 24。 Pollux; v。 69。
  '50' Reading {'lepton; periphere'}。
  '51' {sugkola}; al。 〃compactly knit。〃
  '52' Lit。 {ou barutonon}; 〃not deep sounding〃 = {ou sarkodes}; Pollux;
  ib。
  '53' Reading {lagonas ugras lagaras ikanos}。
  '54' {trikhona}; 〃the coat。〃
  I say an animal so happily constructed must needs be strong and pliant;
  the perfection of lightness and agility。 If proof of this lightness and agility
  be   needed;   here   is   a   fact   in   illustration。   When   proceeding   quietly;      its
  method of progression is by leaps; no one ever saw or is likely to see a
  hare walking。 What it does is to place the hind…feet in front of the fore…feet
  and   outside   them;   and   so   to   run;   if   running   one   can   call   it。   The   action
  prints itself plainly on snow。 The tail is not conducive to swiftness of pace;
  being ill adapted by its stumpiness to act as a rudder to direct the body。
  The animal has to do this by means of one or other ear;'55' as may be seen;
  when she is on the point of being caught by the hounds