第 7 节
作者:
连过十一人 更新:2021-02-27 01:34 字数:9322
Whilst being hunted they are most visible in crossing ground that has
been turned up by the plough; if; that is; they have any trace of red about
them; or through stubble; owing to reflection。 So; too; they are visible
enough on beaten paths or roads; presuming these are fairly level; since
the bright hue of their coats lights up by contrast。 On the other hand; they
are not noticeable when they seek the cover of rocks; hills; screes; or scrub;
owing to similarity of colour。 Getting a fair start of the hounds; they will
stop short; sit up and rise themselves up on their haunches;'32' and listen
for any bark or other clamour of the hounds hard by; and when the sound
reaches them; off and away they go。 At times; too; without hearing; merely
fancying or persuading themselves that they hear the hounds; they will fall
to skipping backwards and forwards along the same trail;'33'
interchanging leaps; and interlacing lines of scent;'34' and so make off
and away。
'32' Cf。 the German 〃Mannerchen machen;〃 〃play the mannikin。〃
Shaks。 〃V。 and A。〃 697 foll。
'33' Passage imitated by Arrian; xvi。 1。
'34' Lit。 〃imprinting track upon track;〃 but it is better perhaps to
avoid the language of woodcraft at this point。
These animals will give the longest run when found upon the open;
there being nothing there to screen the view; the shortest run when started
out of thickets; where the very darkness is an obstacle。
There are two distinct kinds of harethe big kind; which is somewhat
dark in colour'35' with a large white patch on the forehead; and the
smaller kind; which is yellow…brown with only a little white。 The tail of
the former kind is variegated in a circle; of the other; white at the side。'36'
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The eyes of the large kind are slightly inclined to gray;'37' of the smaller;
bluish。 The black about the tips of the ears is largely spread in the one; but
slightly in the other species。 Of these two species; the smaller is to be met
with in most of the islands; desert and inhabited alike。 As regards numbers
they are more abundant in the islands than on the mainland; the fact being
that in most of these there are no foxes to attack and carry off either the
grown animal or its young; nor yet eagles; whose habitat is on lofty
mountains rather than the lower type of hills which characterise the
islands。'38' Again; sportsmen seldom visit the desert islands; and as to
those which are inhabited; the population is but thinly scattered and the
folk themselves not addicted to the chase; while in the case of the sacred
islands;'39' the importation of dogs is not allowed。 If; then; we consider
what a small proportion of hares existent at the moment will be hunted
down and again the steady increase of the stock through reproduction; the
enormous numbers will not be surprising。'40'
'35' {epiperknoi}。 Cf。 Pollux; v。 67 foll。; 〃mottled with black。〃
Blane。
'36' Reading {paraseiron}; perhaps 〃mottled〃; vulg。 {paraseron}。 Al。
{parasuron}; 〃ecourtee;〃 Gail。
'37' {upokharopoi}; 〃subfulvi;〃 Sturz; i。e。 〃inclined to tawny〃; al。
〃fairly lustrous。〃 Cf。 {ommata moi glaukas kharopotera pollon
'Athanas}; Theocr。 xx。 25; but see Aristot。 〃H。 A。〃 i。 10; 〃Gen。 An。〃 v。
1。 20。
'38' Lit。 〃and those on the islands are for the most part of low
altitude。〃
'39' e。g。 Delos。 See Strab。 x。 456; Plut。 〃Mor。〃 290 B; and so Lagia;
Plin。 iv。 12。
'40' Lit。 〃As the inhabitants hunt down but a few of them; these
constantly being added to by reproduction; there must needs be a
large number of them。〃
The hare has not a keen sight for many reasons。 To begin with; its eyes
are set too prominently on the skull; and the eyelids are clipped and
blear;'41' and afford no protection to the pupils。'42' Naturally the sight is
indistinct and purblind。'43' Along with which; although asleep; for the
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most part it does not enjoy visual repose。'44' Again; its very fleetness of
foot contributes largely towards dim… sightedness。 It can only take a rapid
glance at things in passing; and then off before perceiving what the
particular object is。'45'
'41' Or; 〃defective。〃
'42' Al。 〃against the sun's rays。〃
'43' Or; 〃dull and mal…concentrated。〃 See Pollux; v。 69。
'44' i。e。 〃its eyes are not rested; because it sleeps with them open。〃
'45' i。e。 〃it goes so quick; that before it can notice what the
particular object is; it must avert its gaze to the next; and then the
next; and so on。〃
The alarm; too; of those hounds for ever at its heels pursuing combines
with everything'46' to rob the creature of all prescience; so that for this
reason alone it will run its head into a hundred dangers unawares; and fall
into the toils。 If it held on its course uphill;'47' it would seldom meet with
such a fate; but now; through its propensity to circle round and its
attachment to the place where it was born and bred; it courts destruction。
Owing to its speed it is not often overtaken by the hounds by fair
hunting。'48' When caught; it is the victim of a misfortune alien to its
physical nature。
'46' {meta touton}; sc。 〃with these other causes〃; al。 〃with the
dogs〃; i。e。 〃like a second nightmare pack。〃
'47' Reading {orthion}; or if {orthon}; transl。 〃straight on。〃
'48' {kata podas}; i。e。 〃by running down〃; cf。 〃Mem。〃 II。 vi。 9;
〃Cyrop。〃 I。 vi。 40; re two kinds of hound: the one for scent; the other
for speed。
The fact is; there is no other animal of equal size which is at all its
match in speed。 Witness the conformation of its body: the light; small
drooping head 'narrow in front';'49' the 'thin cylindrical''50' neck; not
stiff and of a moderate length; straight shoulder…blades; loosely slung
above; the fore…legs attached to them; light and set close together;'51' the
undistended chest;'52' the light symmetrical sides; the supple; well…
rounded loins; the fleshy buttocks; the somewhat sunken flanks;'53' the
hips; well rounded; plump at every part; but with a proper interval above;
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the long and solid thighs; on the outside tense and not too flabby on the
inside; the long; stout lower legs or shanks; the fore…feet; exceedingly
pliant; thin; and straight; the hind…feet firm and broad; front and hind alike
totally regardless of rough ground; the hind…legs far longer than the fore;
inclined outwards somewhat; the fur'54' short and light。
'49' Reading {katophere 'stenen ek tou emprosthen'}。 See Lenz ad loc。
pp。 23; 24。 Pollux; v。 69。
'50' Reading {'lepton; periphere'}。
'51' {sugkola}; al。 〃compactly knit。〃
'52' Lit。 {ou barutonon}; 〃not deep sounding〃 = {ou sarkodes}; Pollux;
ib。
'53' Reading {lagonas ugras lagaras ikanos}。
'54' {trikhona}; 〃the coat。〃
I say an animal so happily constructed must needs be strong and pliant;
the perfection of lightness and agility。 If proof of this lightness and agility
be needed; here is a fact in illustration。 When proceeding quietly; its
method of progression is by leaps; no one ever saw or is likely to see a
hare walking。 What it does is to place the hind…feet in front of the fore…feet
and outside them; and so to run; if running one can call it。 The action
prints itself plainly on snow。 The tail is not conducive to swiftness of pace;
being ill adapted by its stumpiness to act as a rudder to direct the body。
The animal has to do this by means of one or other ear;'55' as may be seen;
when she is on the point of being caught by the hounds