第 4 节
作者:连过十一人      更新:2021-02-27 01:34      字数:9291
  conjecture; and when they catch sight of the quarry are all in a tremor;'19'
  and will not advance a step till they see the creature begin to stir。
  '14' Or; 〃Also the same dogs will exhibit many styles of coursing: one
  set as soon as they have got the trail pursue it without a sign;                      so there
  13
  … Page 14…
  The Sportsman
  is no means of finding out that the animal is on the                   track。〃
  '15' 〃Stern。〃
  '16'   Or   〃with   their   noses   solemnly   fixed   on   the   ground   and   sterns
  lowered。〃
  '17'    Or;   〃have     quite   a  different    action〃;    〃exhibit    quite    another
  manner。〃
  '18'    i。e。  〃they   cast  forwards     to  make     short   cuts;〃   of  skirters   too
  lazy to run the line honestly。
  '19'   Reading   {tremousi};   〃fall   a…trembling〃;   al。   {atremousi};   stand
  stock…still〃; i。e。 are 〃dwellers。〃
  A particular sort may be described as hounds which; when hunting or
  pursuing; run forward with a frequent eye to the discoveries of the rest of
  the pack; because they have no confidence in themselves。 Another sort is
  over…confidentnot letting the cleverer members of the pack go on ahead;
  but keeping them back with nonsensical clamour。 Others will wilfully hug
  every     false   scent;'20'    and    with   a   tremendous      display    of   eagerness;
  whatever they chance upon; will take the lead; conscious all the while they
  are playing false;'21' whilst another sort again will behave in a precisely
  similar style out of sheer ignorance。'22' It is a poor sort of hound which
  will not leave a stale line'23' for want of recognising the true trail。 So; too;
  a   hound   that   cannot   distinguish   the   trail   leading   to   a   hare's   form;   and
  scampers over that of a running hare; hot haste; is no thoroughbred。'24'
  '20' Al。 〃seem to take pleasure in fondling every lie。〃
  '21'   Or;   〃fully   aware    themselves      that   the  whole    thing   is  a  make…
  believe。〃
  '22'   Or;   〃do   exactly   the   same   thing   because   they   do   not   know   any
  better。〃
  '23'    {ek   ton   trimmon}。     Lit。  〃keep    away     from   beaten    paths;〃   and
  commonly         of  footpaths;     but   here   apparently      of  the   hare's    habitual
  〃run;〃 not necessarily lately traversed; still less the true line。
  '24' Lit。 〃A dog who on the one hand ignores the form track; and on
  the other tears swiftly over a running track; is not a well…bred                       dog。〃
  Al。   {ta   eunaia};   〃traces   of   the   form〃;   {ta   dromaia};   〃tracks          of   a
  running hare。〃 See Sturz。 s。v。 {dromaios}。
  14
  … Page 15…
  The Sportsman
  When   it   comes   to   the   actual   chase;   some   hounds   will   show   great
  ardour   at   first   starting;   but   presently   give   up   from   weakness   of   spirit。
  Others will run in too hastily'25' and then balk; and go hopelessly astray;
  as if they had lost the sense of hearing altogether。
  '25' So L。 & S。; {upotheousin} = 〃cut in before〃 the rest of the pack
  and   over…run   the   scent。   Al。   〃flash   in   for   a   time;   and   then   lose      the
  scent。〃
  Many a hound will give up the chase and return from mere distaste for
  hunting;'26' and not a few from pure affection for mankind。 Others with
  their clamorous yelping on the line do their best to deceive; as if true and
  false were all one to them。'27' There are others that will not do that; but
  which in the middle of their running;'28' should they catch the echo of a
  sound      from    some     other    quarter;    will   leave    their  own     business     and
  incontinently tear off towards it。'29' The fact is;'30' they run on without
  clear   motive;   some   of   them;   others   taking   too   much   for   granted;   and   a
  third set to suit their whims and fancies。 Others simply play at hunting; or
  from     pure    jealousy;    keep    questing     about    beside    the   line;  continually
  rushing along and tumbling over one another。'31'
  '26'     Or;    {misotheron};       〃out    of    antipathy     to   the    quarry。〃    For
  {philanthropon} cf。 Pollux; ib。 64; Hermog。 ap。 L。 Dind。
  '27'    Or;    〃unable    apparently      to   distinguish     false   from    true。〃   See
  Sturz; s。v。 {poieisthai}。 Cf。 Plut。 〃de Exil。〃 6。 Al。 〃Gaily                      substituting
  false for true。〃
  '28' 〃In the heat of the chase。〃
  '29' 〃Rush to attack it。〃
  '30'  The   fact   is;   there   are   as   many   different   modes   of   following   up
  the    chase     almost     as   there    are   dogs。     Some     follow     up    the   chase
  {asaphos};        indistinctly;    some      {polu    upolambanousai};          with    a   good
  deal     of   guess…work;      others     again    {doxazousai};       without     conviction;
  insincerely;       others;     {peplasmenos};          out    of    mere     pretence;      pure
  humbug;         make…believe;        or    {phthoneros};        in    a   fit   of    jealousy;
  {ekkunousi}; are skirters; al。 {ekkinousi}; Sturz; quit the scent。
  '31' Al。 〃unceasingly tearing along; around; and about it。〃
  The   majority   of   these   defects   are   due   to   natural   disposition;   though
  15
  … Page 16…
  The Sportsman
  some   must   be   assigned no doubt   to   want   of   scientific training。  In   either
  case such hounds are useless; and may well deter the keenest sportsman
  from the hunting field。'32'
  '32' Or; 〃Naturally; dogs like these damp the sportsman's ardour; and
  indeed are enough to sicken him altogether with the chase。〃
  The characters; bodily and other; exhibited by the finer specimens of
  the same breed;'33' I will now set forth。
  '33'   Or;   〃The   features;   points;   qualities;   whether   physical   or   other;
  which     characterise    the   better   indidivuals。〃    But   what    does   Xenophon
  mean by {tou autou genous}?
  16
  … Page 17…
  The Sportsman
  IV
  In the first place; this true type of hound should be of large build; and;
  in the next place; furnished with a light small head; broad and flat in the
  snout;'1'   well   knit   and   sinewy;   the   lower   part   of   the   forehead   puckered
  into   strong   wrinkles;   eyes   set   well   up'2'   in   the   head;   black   and   bright;
  forehead large and broad; the depression between the eyes pronounced;'3'
  ears   long'4'    and   thin;   without   hair   on   the  under   side;   neck   long    and
  flexible;    freely   moving     on   its  pivot;'5'   chest   broad    and   fairly  fleshy;
  shoulder…blades detached a little from the shoulders;'6' the shin…bones of
  the fore…legs should be small; straight; round; stout and strong; the elbows
  straight;   ribs'7'  not deep   all   along;  but   sloped   away  obliquely;   the   loins
  muscular; in size a mean between long and short; neither too flexible nor
  too stiff;'8' flanks; a mean between large and small; the hips (or 〃couples〃)
  rounded; fleshy behind; not tied together above; but firmly knitted on the
  inside;'9' the lower or under part of the belly'10' slack; and the belly itself
  the same; that is; hollow and sunken; tail long; straight; and pointed;'11'
  thighs (i。e。 hams) stout and compact; shanks (i。e。 lower thighs) long; round;
  and   solid;   hind…legs   much   longer   than   the   fore…legs;   and   relatively   lean;
  feet round and cat… like。'12'
  '1' Pollux; v。 7; Arrian; 〃Cyn。〃 iv。
  '2' {meteora}; prominent。 ?See Sturz; s。v。
  '3' {tas diakriseis batheias}; lit。 〃with a deep frontal sinus。〃
  '4' Reading {makra}; or if {mikra}; 〃small。〃
  '5' Al。 〃well rounded。〃
  '6'   〃Shoulder   blades   standing   out   a   little   from   the   shoulders〃;   i。e。
  〃free。〃
  '7' i。e。 〃not wholly given up to depth; but well curved〃; depth is not
  everything unless the ribs be also curved。 Schneid。 cf。 Ov。 〃Met。〃                        iii。
  216;   〃et   substricta   gerens   Sicyonius   ilia   Ladon;〃   where   the          poet   is
  perhaps       describing      a   greyhound;       〃chyned       like    a   bream。〃      See
  Stonehenge;       pp。   21;  22。   Xenophon's      〃Castorians〃      were   more    like   the
  Welsh harrier in build; I presume。
  '8' Or; 〃neither soft and spongy nor unyielding。〃 See Stoneh。; p。 23。