第 2 节
作者:连过十一人      更新:2021-02-27 01:34      字数:9307
  '27' Al。 〃lived on the lips of men。〃 But cf。 Eur。 〃Hipp。〃 85; {soi kai
  xeneimi kai logois s' ameibomai}。 See Frazer; 〃Golden Bough;〃 i。                           6;
  for the Hippolytus…Virbius myth。
  Palamedes'28'   all   his   days   on   earth   far   outshone   those   of   his   own
  times in wisdom; and when slain unjustly; won from heaven a vengeance
  such   as   no   other   mortal   man   may   boast   of。'29' Yet   died   he   not   at   their
  hands'30' whom some suppose; else how could the one of them have been
  accounted all but best; and the other a compeer of the good? No; not they;
  but base men wrought that deed。
  '28'   As   to   Palamedes;   son   of   Nauplius;   his   genius   and   treacherous
  death; see Grote; 〃H。 G。〃 i。 400; 〃Mem。〃 IV。 ii。 33; 〃Apol。〃 26;                        Plat。
  〃Apol。〃   41;   〃Rep。〃   vii。   522;   Eur。   fr。   〃Palam。〃;   Ov。   〃Met。〃        xiii。   56;
  Paus。 x。 31。 1; ii。 20。 3。
  '29'    For   the  vengeance      see   Schol。   ad   Eur。   〃Orest。〃   422;    Philostr。
  〃Her。〃      x。  Cf。    Strab。    viii。  6。   2   (368);    Leake;     〃Morea;〃      ii。  358;
  Baedeker; 〃Greece;〃 245。
  '30'    i。e。  Odysseus     and    Diomed。     (S。   11;  I  confess;    strikes   me   as
  somewhat in Xenophon's manner。) See 〃Mem。〃 IV。 ii。 33; 〃Apol。〃 26。
  Menestheus;'31'   through   diligence   and   patient   care;   the   outcome   of
  the chase;  so   far overshot   all   men in   love of toil that   even the   chiefs of
  Hellas     must   confess     themselves     inferior   in  the   concerns     of  war   save
  Nestor only; and Nestor; it is said;'32' excelled not but alone might rival
  him。
  '31'   For   Menestheus;   who   led   the Athenians   against   Troy;   cf。   Hom。
  〃Il。〃 ii。 552; iv。 327; Philostr。 〃Her。〃 ii。 16; Paus。 ii。 25。 6;                   i。 17。 6;
  Plut。 〃Thes。〃 32; 35。
  '32'    Or;  〃so   runs   the   tale;〃  e。g。  in  〃The    Catalogue。〃     See    〃Il。〃  ii。
  l。c。: {Nestor oios erizen}; 〃Only Nestor rivalled him; for he was                         the
  elder by birth〃 (W。 Leaf)。
  Odysseus and Diomedes'33' were brilliant for many a single deed of
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  arms; and mainly to these two was due the taking of Troy town。'34'
  '33'   The   two   heroes   are   frequently   coupled   in   Homer;   e。g。   〃Il。〃   v。
  519; x。 241; etc。
  '34'   Or;   〃were   brilliant   in   single   points;   and   broadly   speaking   were
  the cause that Troy was taken。〃 See Hygin。 〃Fab。〃 108; Virg。                           〃Aen。〃
  ii。 163。
  Castor and Polydeuces;'35' by reason of their glorious display of arts
  obtained   from   Cheiron;   and   for   the   high   honour   and   prestige   therefrom
  derived; are now immortal。
  '35'     Castor;    Polydeuces;      s。  Polluxthe      great   twin    brethren。    See
  Grote; 〃H。 G。〃 i。 232 foll。
  Machaon        and   Podaleirius'36'      were    trained    in  this  same     lore;  and
  proved     themselves   adepts   in      works   of   skill;   in  argument   and     feats   of
  arms。'37'
  '36' As   to   the   two   sons   of Asclepius;   Machaon   and   Podaleirius;   the
  leaders of the Achaeans; see 〃Il。〃 ii。 728; Schol。 ad Pind。                       〃Pyth。〃 iii。
  14; Paus。 iii。 26; iv。 3; Strab。 vi。 4 (284); Diod。                   iv。 71。 4; Grote; 〃H。
  G。〃 i。 248。
  '37' Or; 〃in crafts; in reasonings; and in deeds of war。〃
  Antilochus;'38' in that he died for his father; obtained so great a glory
  that; in the judgment of Hellas; to him alone belongs the title 〃philopator;〃
  〃who loved his father。〃'39'
  '38' Antilochus; son of Nestor; slain by Memnon。 〃Od。〃 iv。 186 foll。;
  Pind。 〃Pyth。〃 vi。 28; Philostr。 〃Her。〃 iv。; 〃Icon。〃 ii。 281。
  '39' Lit。 〃to be alone proclaimed Philopator among the Hellenes。〃 Cf。
  Plat。    〃Laws;〃     730   D;   〃He    shall   be   proclaimed      the  great    and   perfect
  citizen;   and   bear   away   the   palm   of   virtue〃;   and   for   the   epithet       see
  Eur。 〃Or。〃 1605; 〃I。 A。〃 68。
  Aeneas'40' saved the ancestral godshis father's and his mother's;'41'
  yea; and his own father also; whereby he bore off a reputation for piety so
  great that to him alone among all on whom they laid their conquering hand
  in Troy even the enemy granted not to be despoiled。
  '40'  As   to   Aeneas   see   Poseidon's   speech;   〃Il。〃   xx。   293   foll。;   Grote;
  〃H。 G。〃 i。 413; 427 foll。
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  '41' Cf。 〃Hell。〃 II。 iv。 21。
  Achilles;'42' lastly; being nursed in this same training; bequeathed to
  after…days   memorials   so   fair;   so   ample;   that   to speak or   hear   concerning
  him no man wearies。
  '42'   〃The   highest   form   that   floated   before   Greek   imagination   was
  Achilles;〃 Hegel; 〃Lectures on the Philosophy of History〃 (Eng。                         tr。 p。
  233);   and   for   a   beautiful   elaboration   of   that   idea;   J。   A。    Symonds;
  〃Greek Poets;〃 2nd series; ch。 ii。
  Such; by dint of that paintstaking care derived from Cheiron; these all
  proved themselves; of whom all good men yet still to…day are lovers and
  all base men envious。 So much so that if throughout the length and breadth
  of   Hellas   misfortunes   at   any   time   befell   city   or   king;   it   was   they   who
  loosed the knot of them;'43' or if all Hellas found herself confronted with
  the hosts of the Barbarians in strife and battle; once again it was these who
  nerved the arms of Hellenes to victory and rendered Hellas unconquered
  and unconquerable。
  '43'   Reading   {eluonto   autous};   or   if   as   L。   D。;   {di   autous};   transl。
  〃thanks to them; they were loosed。〃
  For my part; then; my advice to the young is; do not despise hunting or
  the other training of your boyhood; if you desire to grow up to be good
  men; good not only in war but in all else of which the issue is perfection in
  thought; word; and deed。
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  II
  The first efforts of a youth emerging from boyhood should be directed
  to the institution of the chase; after which he should come to the rest of
  education; provided he have the means and with an eye to the same; if his
  means be ample; in a style worthy of the profit to be derived; or; if they be
  scant; let him at any rate contribute enthusiasm; in nothing falling short of
  the power he possesses。
  What are the aids and implements of divers sorts with which he who
  would enter on this field must equip himself? These and the theory of each
  in   particular   I   will   now   explain。   With   a   view   to   success   in   the   work;
  forewarned       is  forearmed。      Nor    let  such    details   be   looked    upon    as
  insignificant。 Without them there will be an end to practical results。'1'
  '1'   Or;   〃The   question   suggests   itselfhow   many   instruments   and   of
  what sort are required by any one wishing to enter this field? A                     list of
  these I propose to give; not omitting the theoretical side                  of the matter
  in each case; so that whoever lays his hand   to this                   work may  have
  some knowledge to go upon。 It would be a mistake to                          regard these
  details as trivial。 In fact; without them the               undertaking might as well
  be let alone。〃
  The net…keeper should be a man with a real passion for the work; and
  in tongue a Hellene; about twenty years of age; of wiry build; agile at once
  and strong; with pluck enough to overcome the toils imposed on him;'2'
  and to take pleasure in the work。
  '2' {toutous}; 〃by this; that; or the other good quality。〃
  The     ordinary     small   nets    should    be   made     of   fine   Phasian     or
  Carthaginian'3'       flax;  and   so   too  should    the   road   nets  and   the   larger
  hayes。'4'     These    small    nets   should    be   nine…threaded      'made    of   three
  strandes;   and   each   strand   of   three   threads';'5'   five   spans'6'   in   depth;'7'
  and two palms'8' at the nooses or pockets。'9' There should be no knots in
  the   cords   that   run   round;   which   should   be   so   inserted   as   to   run   quite
  smoothly。'10' The road net should be twelve…threaded; and the larger net
  (or haye) sixteen。 They may be of different sizes; the former varying from
  twelve to twenty…four or thirty feet; the latter from sixty to one hundred