第 1 节
作者:连过十一人      更新:2021-02-27 01:34      字数:9321
  The Sportsman
  The Sportsman
  by Xenophon
  Translation by H。 G。 Dakyns
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  The Sportsman
  Xenophon       the   Athenian     was   born    431   B。C。    He   was    a  pupil   of
  Socrates。   He   marched   with   the   Spartans;   and   was   exiled   from   Athens。
  Sparta   gave   him   land   and   property   in   Scillus;   where   he   lived   for   many
  years before having to move once more; to settle in Corinth。 He died in
  354 B。C。
  The   Sportsman   is   a   manual   on   hunting   hares;   deer   and   wild   boar;
  including the topics of dogs; and the benefits of hunting for the young。
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  The Sportsman
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  To the gods themselves is   due the  discovery; to Apollo and Artemis;
  patrons   of   the   chase   and   protectors   of   the   hound。'1' As   a   guerdon   they
  bestowed it upon Cheiron;'2' by reason of his uprightness; and he took it
  and was glad; and turned the gift to good account。 At his feet sat many a
  disciple; to whom he taught the mystery of hunting and of chivalry'3'to
  wit; Cephalus; Asclepius; Melanion; Nestor; Amphiaraus; Peleus; Telamon;
  Meleager;   Theseus   and   Hippolytus;   Palamedes;   Odysseus;   Menestheus;
  Diomed;   Castor   and   Polydeuces;   Machaon   and   Podaleirius;   Antilochus;
  Aeneas and Achilles: of whom each in his turn was honoured by the gods。
  And let none marvel that of these the greater part; albeit well…pleasing to
  the gods; nevertheless were subject to deathwhich is the way of nature;'4'
  but   their   fame   has   grownnor   yet   that   their   prime   of   manhood   so   far
  differed。   The   lifetime   of   Cheiron   sufficed   for   all   his   scholars;   the   fact
  being that Zeus and Cheiron were brethren; sons of the same father but of
  different mothersZeus of Rhea; and Cheiron of the nymph Nais;'5' and
  so it is that; though older than all of them; he died not before he had taught
  the youngestto wit; the boy Achilles。'6'
  '1' Or;  〃This thing   is   the invention of no   mortal   man; but   of Apollo
  and    Artemis;     to  whom      belong     hunting    and   dogs。〃    For   the   style   of
  exordium L。 Dind。 cf (Ps。) Dion。 〃Art。 rhet。〃 ad in。; Galen;                      〃Isagog。〃
  ad in。; Alex。 Aphrodis。 〃Probl。〃 2 proem。
  '2'   The   wisest   and   〃justest   of   all   the   centaurs;〃   Hom。   〃Il。〃   xi。   831。
  See Kingsley; 〃The Heroes;〃 p。 84。
  '3' Or; 〃the discipline of the hunting field and other noble lore。〃
  '4' Lit。 〃since that is nature; but the praise of them grew greatly。〃
  '5'    According      to   others;   Philyra。    Pind。    〃Pyth。〃    iii。  1;  {ethelon
  Kheirona ke Philuridan}; cf。 〃Pyth。〃 vi。 22; 〃Nem。〃 iii。 43。
  '6' See Paus。 iii。 18。 12。
  Thanks to the careful heed they paid to dogs and things pertaining to
  the   chase;   thanks   also   to   the   other   training   of   their   boyhood;   all   these
  greatly excelled; and on the score of virtue were admired。
  If   Cephalus   was   caught   into   the   arms   of   one   that   was   a   goddess;'7'
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  The Sportsman
  Asclepius'8' obtained yet greater honour。 To him it was given to raise the
  dead and to heal the sick; whereby;'9' even as a god among mortal men;
  he    has   obtained     to   himself    imperishable       glory。   Melanion'10'        so  far
  excelled   in   zest   for   toil   that   he   alone   of   all   that   flower   of   chivalry   who
  were  his   rivals'11'   obtained   the   prize  of   noblest   wedlock   with Atalanta;
  while as to   Nestor;  what need to   repeat the well…known   tale? so   far   and
  wide   for   many   a   day   has   the   fame   of   his   virtue   penetrated   the   ears   of
  Hellas。'12'
  '7' Hemera (al。 Eos)。 For the rape of Cephalus see Hes。 〃Theog。〃 986;
  Eur。 〃Ion;〃 269; Paus。 i。 3。 1; iii。 18。 7。
  '8'   Lat。 Aesculapius。   Father   of   Podaleirius   and   Machaon;   〃the   noble
  leech;〃 〃Il。〃 ii。 731; iv。 194; 219; xi。 518; 〃Od。〃 iv。 232。
  '9' Cf。 〃Anab。〃 I。 ii。 8; Lincke; 〃z。 Xen。 Krit。〃 p。 299。
  '10' Melanion; s。 Meilanion; Paus。 iii。 12。 9; v。 17。 10; v。 19。 1。
  '11'   〃Which   were   his   rival   suitors。〃   As   to   Atalanta   see   Paus。   viii。
  45。 2; iii。 24。 2; v。 19。 2; Grote; 〃H。 G。〃 i。 199 foll。
  '12'    Lit。   〃the   virtue   of  Nestor     has   so  far   penetrated     the   ears   of
  Hellas that I should speak to those who know。〃 See Hom。 〃Il。〃 i。                          247;
  and passim。
  Amphiaraus;'13' what time he served as a warrior against Thebes; won
  for himself the highest praise; and from heaven obtained the honour of a
  deathless life。'14'
  '13' Amphiaraus。 Pind。 〃Nem。〃 ix。 13…27; 〃Olymp。〃 vi。 11…16; Herod。 i。
  52; Paus。 ix。 8。 2; 18。 2…4; ii。 23。2; i。 34; Liv。 xlv。 27; Cic。                  〃de Div。〃 i。
  40。 See Aesch。 〃Sept。 c。 Th。〃 392; Eur。 〃Phoen。〃 1122                         foll。; Apollod。
  iii。 6; Strab。 ix。 399; 404。
  '14' Lit。 〃to be honoured ever living。〃
  Peleus kindled in the gods desire to give him Thetis; and to hymn their
  nuptials at the board of Cheiron。'15'
  '15'   For   the   marriage   of   Peleus   and   Thetis   see   Hom。   〃Il。〃   xxiv。   61;
  cf。 Pope's rendering:
  To grace those nuptials from the bright abode Yourselves were present;
  when   this   minstrel   god   (Well   pleased   to   share   the   feast)   amid   the   quire
  Stood proud to hymn; and tune his youthful lyre (〃Homer's Il。〃 xxiv。)
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  The Sportsman
  Prof。 Robinson Ellis (〃Comment on Catull。〃 lxiv。) cites numerous
  passages:   Eur。   〃I。   in   T。〃   701   foll。;   1036   foll。;   Pind。   〃Isthm。〃   v。  24;
  〃Pyth。〃 iii。 87…96; Isocr。 〃Evag。〃 192。 6; Apoll。 Rh。 iv。 791;                    〃Il。〃 xxiv。
  61;    Hes。    〃Theog。〃     1006;    and    〃Epithal。〃    (ap。   Tsetz;          〃Prol。     ad
  Lycophr。):
  {tris makar Aiakide kai tetrakis olbie Peleu os toisd' en megarois ieron
  lekhos eisanabaineis}。
  The    mighty     Telamon'16'       won    from   the   greatest   of   all  states  and
  wedded her whom he desired; Periboea the daughter of Alcathus;'17' and
  when the first of Hellenes;'18' Heracles'19' the son of Zeus; distributed
  rewards of valour after taking Troy; to Telamon he gave Hesione。'20'
  '16'   See   〃Il。〃   viii。   283l   Paus。   i。   42。   1…4。 '17'   Or   Alcathous;   who
  rebuilt the walls of Megara by Apollo's aid。                  Ov。 〃Met。〃 viii。 15 foll。
  '18'  Reading   {o   protos};   or   if   with   L。   D。   {tois   protois};   〃what   time
  Heracles was distributing to the heroes of Hellas (lit。 the first                     of the
  Hellenes) prizes of valour; to Telamon he gave。〃
  '19' See Hom。 〃Il。〃 v。 640; Strab。 xiii。 595。
  '20' See Diod。 iv。 32; i。 42。
  Of   Meleager'21'   be   it   said;   whereas   the   honours   which   he   won   are
  manifest; the misfortunes on which he fell; when his father'22' in old age
  forgot the goddess; were not of his own causing。'23'
  '21' For the legend of Meleager see 〃Il。〃 ix。 524…599; dramatised by
  both     Sophocles       and    Euripides;      and    in   our    day    by    Swinburne;
  〃Atalanta in Calydon。〃 Cf。 Paus。 iii。 8。 9; viii。 54。 4; Ov。                    〃Met。〃 viii。
  300; Grote; 〃H。 G。〃 i。 195。
  '22' i。e。 Oeneus。 〃Il。〃 ix。 535。
  '23' Or; 〃may not be laid to his charge。〃
  Theseus'24' single…handed destroyed the enemies of collective Hellas;
  and in that he greatly enlarged the boundaries of his fatherland; is still to…
  day the wonder of mankind。'25'
  '24'    See   〃Mem。〃     II。  i。  14;  III。  v。  10;  cf。  Isocr。  〃Phil。〃   111;   Plut。
  〃Thes。〃 x。 foll。; Diod。 iv。 59; Ov。 〃Met。〃 vii。 433。
  '25'    Or;   〃is   held   in  admiration      still  to…day。〃   See    Thuc。    ii。  15;
  Strab。 ix。 397。
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  The Sportsman
  Hippolytus'26'        was   honoured      by   our   lady   Artemis     and   with    her
  conversed;'27' and in his latter end; by reason of his sobriety and holiness;
  was reckoned among the blest。
  '26' See the play of Euripides。 Paus。 i。 22; Diod。 iv。 62。
  '27' Al。 〃lived on the lips of men。〃 But cf。 Eur。 〃Hipp。〃 85; {soi kai
  xeneimi kai logois