第 1 节
作者:猫王      更新:2021-02-27 00:39      字数:9293
  The Moon and Sixpence
  The Moon and Sixpence
  by W。 Somerset Maugham
  Author of 〃Of Human Bondage〃
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  The Moon and Sixpence
  Chapter I
  I confess that when first I made acquaintance with Charles Strickland
  I never for a moment discerned that there was in him anything out of the
  ordinary。      Yet   now   few   will   be   found   to   deny   his   greatness。 I   do   not
  speak of that greatness which is achieved by the fortunate politician or the
  successful soldier; that is a quality which belongs to the place he occupies
  rather than to the man; and a change of circumstances reduces it to very
  discreet proportions。        The Prime Minister out of office is seen; too often;
  to have been but a pompous rhetorician; and the General without an army
  is   but   the  tame    hero   of   a  market    town。     The     greatness    of  Charles
  Strickland was authentic。          It may be that you do not like his art; but at all
  events you can hardly refuse it the tribute of your interest。                 He disturbs
  and arrests。      The time has passed when he was an object of ridicule; and
  it is no longer   a mark   of   eccentricity  to   defend or of perversity  to   extol
  him。 His faults are accepted as the necessary complement to his merits。 It
  is still possible to discuss his place in art; and the adulation of his admirers
  is perhaps no less capricious than the disparagement of his detractors; but
  one thing can never be doubtful; and that is that he had genius。                     To my
  mind the most interesting thing in art is the personality of the artist; and if
  that   is   singular;   I   am   willing   to   excuse   a   thousand   faults。 I   suppose
  Velasquez   was   a   better   painter   than   El   Greco;   but   custom   stales   one's
  admiration for him: the Cretan; sensual and tragic; proffers the mystery of
  his soul like a standing sacrifice。        The artist; painter; poet; or musician; by
  his decoration; sublime or beautiful; satisfies the aesthetic sense; but that
  is akin to the sexual instinct; and shares its barbarity:             he lays before you
  also the greater gift of himself。         To pursue his secret has something of the
  fascination   of   a   detective   story。    It   is   a  riddle   which   shares   with  the
  universe     the   merit   of   having    no   answer。     The    most    insignificant    of
  Strickland's works suggests a personality which is strange; tormented; and
  complex; and it is this surely which prevents even those who do not like
  his pictures from being indifferent to them; it is this which has excited so
  curious an interest in his life and character。
  It   was   not   till   four   years   after   Strickland's   death   that   Maurice   Huret
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  wrote     that   article  in   the       which     rescued    the
  unknown   painter   from   oblivion   and   blazed   the   trail   which   succeeding
  writers;   with   more   or   less   docility;   have   followed。    For   a   long   time   no
  critic   has   enjoyed   in   France   a   more   incontestable   authority;   and   it   was
  impossible      not   to  be   impressed     by   the  claims    he   made;    they   seemed
  extravagant;   but   later   judgments   have   confirmed   his   estimate;   and   the
  reputation   of   Charles   Strickland   is   now   firmly   established   on   the   lines
  which     he   laid  down。     The     rise  of  this  reputation     is  one  of   the  most
  romantic incidents in the history of art。           But I do not propose to deal with
  Charles Strickland's work except in so far as it touches upon his character。
  I cannot agree with the painters who claim superciliously that the layman
  can    understand      nothing     of  painting;    and   that   he   can   best   show     his
  appreciation       of  their   works    by   silence    and   a  cheque…book。        It   is  a
  grotesque      misapprehension         which    sees   in   art  no   more     than   a  craft
  comprehensible perfectly only to the craftsman:                 art is a manifestation of
  emotion; and emotion speaks a language that all may understand。                         But I
  will allow that the critic who has not a practical knowledge of technique is
  seldom able to say anything on the subject of real value; and my ignorance
  of painting is extreme。          Fortunately;  there is no   need for   me to   risk   the
  adventure; since my friend; Mr。 Edward Leggatt; an able writer as well as
  an admirable painter; has exhaustively discussed Charles Strickland's work
  in a little book'1' which is a charming example of a style; for the most part;
  less happily cultivated in England than in France。
  '1'   〃A Modern Artist:          Notes on the Work of Charles Strickland;〃
  by Edward Leggatt; A。R。H。A。              Martin Secker; 1917。
  Maurice      Huret    in   his  famous     article   gave    an   outline   of   Charles
  Strickland's   life   which   was   well   calculated   to   whet   the   appetites   of   the
  inquiring。      With his disinterested passion for art; he had a real desire to
  call the attention of the wise to a talent which was in the highest degree
  original; but he was too good a journalist to be unaware that the 〃human
  interest〃 would   enable him  more  easily to   effect   his purpose。 And   when
  such as had come in contact with Strickland in the past; writers who had
  known      him    in   London;     painters    who    had    met   him    in  the   cafes    of
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  Montmartre; discovered to their amazement that where they had seen but
  an unsuccessful artist; like another; authentic genius had rubbed shoulders
  with them there began to appear in the magazines of France and America a
  succession      of   articles;   the  reminiscences       of  one;   the   appreciation     of
  another; which added to Strickland's notoriety; and fed without satisfying
  the curiosity of the public。         The subject was grateful; and the industrious
  Weitbrecht…Rotholz in his imposing monograph'2' has been able to give a
  remarkable list of authorities。
  '2'    〃Karl    Strickland:     sein    Leben     und   seine    Kunst;〃    by   Hugo
  Weitbrecht…Rotholz; Ph。D。           Schwingel und Hanisch。            Leipzig; 1914。
  The   faculty   for   myth   is   innate   in   the   human   race。  It   seizes   with
  avidity upon any incidents; surprising or mysterious; in the career of those
  who have at all distinguished themselves from their fellows; and invents a
  legend   to   which   it   then   attaches   a   fanatical   belief。  It   is   the   protest   of
  romance   against   the   commonplace of   life。          The   incidents   of   the   legend
  become the hero's surest passport to immortality。                The ironic philosopher
  reflects with a smile that Sir Walter Raleigh is more safely inshrined in the
  memory of mankind because he set his cloak for the Virgin Queen to walk
  on   than   because   he   carried   the   English   name   to   undiscovered   countries。
  Charles Strickland lived obscurely。            He made enemies rather than friends。
  It is not strange; then; that those who wrote of him should have eked out
  their scanty recollections   with a lively  fancy; and it is evident that   there
  was enough in the little that was known of him to give opportunity to the
  romantic scribe; there was much in his life which was strange and terrible;
  in his character something outrageous; and in his fate not a little that was
  pathetic。     In due course a legend arose of such circumstantiality that the
  wise historian would hesitate to attack it。
  But a wise historian is precisely what the Rev。 Robert Strickland is not。
  He   wrote   his   biography'3'   avowedly   to   〃remove   certain   misconceptions
  which had gained currency〃 in regard to the later part of his father's life;
  and   which   had   〃caused   considerable   pain   to   persons   still   living。〃      It   is
  obvious      that  there    was   much     in  the   commonly       received     account    of
  Strickland's life to embarrass a respectable family。 I have read this work
  with a good deal of amusement; and upon this I congratulate myself; since
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  it   is  colourless    and   dull。   Mr。