第 1 节
作者:吻火      更新:2021-02-27 00:38      字数:9321
  THAIS
  THAIS
  by ANATOLE FRANCE
  Translated By Robert B。 Douglas
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  THAIS
  PART THE FIRST
  THE LOTUS
  In   those days   there  were  many   hermits   living  in   the desert。  On   both
  banks     of  the  Nile   numerous      huts;   built  by   these  solitary   dwellers;    of
  branches held together by clay; were scattered at a little distance from each
  other; so that the inhabitants could live alone; and yet help one another in
  case of need。 Churches; each surmounted by a cross; stood here and there
  amongst   the      huts;  and   the  monks     flocked   to   them   at   each   festival   to
  celebrate the services or to partake of the Communion。 There were also;
  here and there on the banks of the river; monasteries; where the cenobites
  lived   in   separate   cells;   and   only   met   together   that   they   might   the   better
  enjoy their solitude。
  Both   hermits   and   cenobites   led   abstemious   lives;   taking   no   food   till
  after   sunset;   and   eating   nothing   but   bread   with   a   little   salt   and   hyssop。
  Some retired into the desert; and led a still more strange life in some cave
  or tomb。
  All lived in temperance and chastity; they wore a hair shirt and a hood;
  slept on the bare ground after long watching; prayed; sang psalms; and; in
  short; spent their days in works of penitence。 As an atonement for original
  sin;   they   refused   their   body   not   only   all   pleasures   and   satisfactions;   but
  even that care and attention which in this age are deemed indispensable。
  They believed that the diseases of our members purify our souls; and the
  flesh could put on no adornment more glorious than wounds and ulcers。
  Thus;   they   thought   they   fulfilled   the   words   of   the   prophet;   〃The   desert
  shall rejoice and blossom as the rose。〃
  Amongst   the   inhabitants   of   the   holy   Thebaid;   there   were   some   who
  passed   their   days   in   asceticism   and   contemplation;   others   gained   their
  livelihood   by   plaiting   palm   fibre;   or   by   working   at   harvest…time   for   the
  neighbouring   farmers。 The   Gentiles   wrongly  suspected   some   of   them   of
  living   by  brigandage;  and   allying themselves   to   the   nomadic Arabs   who
  robbed the caravans。 But; as a matter of fact; the monks despised riches;
  and the odour of their sanctity rose to heaven。
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  THAIS
  Angels in the likeness of young men; came; staff in hand; as travellers;
  to   visit  the   hermitages;      whilst   demonshaving        assumed      the  form    of
  Ethiopians or of animalswandered round the habitations of the hermits in
  order to lead them into temptation。 When the monks went in the morning
  to   fill   their   pitcher   at   the   spring;   they   saw   the   footprints   of   Satyrs   and
  Aigipans in the sand。 The Thebaid was; really and spiritually; a battlefield;
  where;     at  all  times;   and   more    especially    at  night;   there   were    terrible
  conflicts between heaven and hell。
  The   ascetics;   furiously   assailed   by   legions   of   the   damned;   defended
  themselveswith the help of God and the angelsby fasting; prayer; and
  penance。 Sometimes carnal desires pricked them so cruelly that they cried
  aloud with pain; and their lamentations rose to the starlit heavens mingled
  with    the   howls    of  the  hungry     hyaenas。    Then    it  was   that   the  demons
  appeared      in  delightful    forms。    For   though     the  demons      are;  in  reality;
  hideous; they sometimes assume an appearance of beauty which prevents
  their real nature from being recognised。 The ascetics of the Thebaid were
  amazed   to   see  in   their  cells   phantasms   of   delights   unknown   even   to   the
  voluptuaries of the age。 But; as they were under the sign of the Cross; they
  did   not   succumb   to   these   temptations;   and   the   unclean   spirits;   assuming
  again their true character; fled at daybreak; filled with rage and shame。 It
  was   not   unusual   to   meet   at   dawn   one   of   these   beings;   flying   away   and
  weeping;   and   replying   to   those   who   questioned   it;   〃I   weep   and   groan
  because one of the Christians who live here has beaten me with rods; and
  driven me away in ignominy。〃
  The power of the old saints of the desert extended over all sinners and
  unbelievers。   Their   goodness   was   sometimes   terrible。   They   derived   from
  the Apostles authority to punish all offences against the true and only God;
  and no earthly power could save those they condemned。 Strange tales were
  told in the cities; and even as far as Alexandria; how the earth had opened
  and swallowed up certain wicked persons whom one of these saints struck
  with     his   staff。  Therefore      they    were    feared    by   all   evil…doers;    and
  particularly by mimes; mountebanks; married priests; and prostitutes。
  Such was the sanctity of these holy men that even wild beasts felt their
  power。 When a hermit was about to die; a lion came and dug a grave with
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  THAIS
  its claws。 The saint knew by this that God had called him; and he went and
  kissed all his brethren on the cheek。 Then he lay down joyfully; and slept
  in the Lord。
  Now   that   Anthony;   who   was   more   than   a   hundred   years   old;   had
  retired   to   Mount   Colzin   with   his   well…beloved   disciples;   Macarius   and
  Amathas;   there   was   no   monk   in   the   Thebaid   more   renowned   for   good
  works than Paphnutius; the Abbot of Antinoe。 Ephrem and Serapion had a
  greater     number       of   followers;     and    in   the    spiritual    and    temporal
  management of their monasteries surpassed him。 But Paphnutius observed
  the most rigorous fasts; and often went for three entire days without taking
  food。   He    wore    a  very   rough    hair   shirt;  he  flogged    himself    night   and
  morning; and lay for hours with his face to the earth。
  His twenty…four disciples had built their huts near his; and imitated his
  austerities。   He   loved   them   all    dearly   in   Jesus   Christ;   and   unceasingly
  exhorted   them   to   good   works。 Amongst   his   spiritual   children   were   men
  who   had   been   robbers   for   many   years;   and   had   been   persuaded   by   the
  exhortations of the holy abbot to embrace the monastic life; and who now
  edified their companions by the purity of their lives。 One; who had been
  cook   to   the   Queen   of   Abyssinia;   and   was   converted   by   the   Abbot   of
  Antinoe; never ceased to weep。 There was also Flavian; the deacon; who
  knew the Scriptures; and spoke well; but the disciple of Paphnutius who
  surpassed all the others in holiness was a young peasant named Paul; and
  surnamed the Fool; because of his extreme simplicity。 Men laughed at his
  childishness; but God favoured him with visions; and by bestowing upon
  him the gift of prophecy。
  Paphnutius   passed   his   life   in   teaching   his   disciples;   and   in   ascetic
  practices。 Often did he meditate upon the Holy Scriptures in order to find
  allegories   in   them。   Therefore   he   abounded   in   good   works;   though   still
  young。 The devils; who so rudely assailed the good hermits; did not dare
  to approach him。 At night; seven little jackals sat in the moonlight in front
  of   his   cell;   silent   and   motionless;   and   with   their   ears   pricked   up。   It   was
  believed that they were seven devils; who; owing to his sanctity; could not
  cross his threshold。
  Paphnutius       was    born    at  Alexandria      of   noble    parents;    who    had
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  THAIS
  instructed   him   in   all   profane   learning。   He   had   even   been   allured   by   the
  falsehoods of the poets; and in his early youth had been misguided enough
  to believe that   the human race   had   all   been   drowned by  a   deluge   in   the
  days of Deucalion; and had argued with his fellow…scholars concerning the
  nature; the attributes; and even the existence of God。 He then led a life of
  dissipation; after the manner of the Gentiles; and he recalled the memory
  of those days with shame and horror。
  〃At    that   time;〃   he   used   to   say  to   the  brethren;    〃I  seethed     in  the