第 9 节
作者:
老山文学 更新:2021-02-25 00:24 字数:9322
Persia; who obliged themselves to drink no other water but that of the
river Choaspes; foolishly quitted claim to their right in all other
streams; and; so far as concerned themselves; dried up all the other
rivers of the world。 What Socrates did towards his end; to look upon a
sentence of banishment as worse than a sentence of death against him; I
shall; I think; never be either so decrepid or so strictly habituated to
my own country to be of that opinion。 These celestial lives have images
enough that I embrace more by esteem than affection; and they have some
also so elevated and extraordinary that I cannot embrace them so much as
by esteem; forasmuch as I cannot conceive them。 That fancy was singular
in a man who thought the whole world his city; it is true that he
disdained travel; and had hardly ever set his foot out of the Attic
territories。 What say you to his complaint of the money his friends
offered to save his life; and that he refused to come out of prison by
the mediation of others; in order not to disobey the laws in a time when
they were otherwise so corrupt? These examples are of the first kind for
me; of the second; there are others that I could find out in the same
person: many of these rare examples surpass the force of my action; but
some of them; moreover; surpass the force of my judgment。
Besides these reasons; travel is in my opinion a very profitable
exercise; the soul is there continually employed in observing new and
unknown things; and I do not know; as I have often said a better school
wherein to model life than by incessantly exposing to it the diversity
of so many other lives; fancies; and usances; and by making it relish a
perpetual variety of forms of human nature。 The body is; therein;
neither idle nor overwrought; and that moderate agitation puts it in
breath。 I can keep on horseback; tormented with the stone as I am;
without alighting or being weary; eight or ten hours together:
〃Vires ultra sorternque senectae。〃
'〃Beyond the strength and lot of age。〃AEneid; vi。 114。'
No season is enemy to me but the parching heat of a scorching sun; for
the umbrellas made use of in Italy; ever since the time of the ancient
Romans; more burden a man's arm than they relieve his head。 I would fain
know how it was that the Persians; so long ago and in the infancy of
luxury; made ventilators where they wanted them; and planted shades; as
Xenophon reports they did。 I love rain; and to dabble in the dirt; as
well as ducks do。 The change of air and climate never touches me; every
sky is alike; I am only troubled with inward alterations which I breed
within myself; and those are not so frequent in travel。 I am hard to be
got out; but being once upon the road; I hold out as well as the best。
I take as much pains in little as in great attempts; and am as solicitous
to equip myself for a short journey; if but to visit a neighbour; as for
the longest voyage。 I have learned to travel after the Spanish fashion;
and to make but one stage of a great many miles; and in excessive heats
I always travel by night; from sun set to sunrise。 The other method of
baiting by the way; in haste and hurry to gobble up a dinner; is;
especially in short days; very inconvenient。 My horses perform the
better; never any horse tired under me that was able to hold out the
first day's journey。 I water them at every brook I meet; and have only a
care they have so much way to go before I come to my inn; as will digest
the water in their bellies。 My unwillingness to rise in a morning gives
my servants leisure to dine at their ease before they set out; for my own
part; I never eat too late; my appetite comes to me in eating; and not
else; I am never hungry but at table。
Some of my friends blame me for continuing this travelling humour; being
married and old。 But they are out in't; 'tis the best time to leave a
man's house; when he has put it into a way of continuing without him; and
settled such order as corresponds with its former government。 'Tis much
greater imprudence to abandon it to a less faithful housekeeper; and who
will be less solicitous to look after your affairs。
The most useful and honourable knowledge and employment for the mother of
a family is the science of good housewifery。 I see some that are
covetous indeed; but very few that are good managers。 'Tis the supreme
quality of a woman; which a man ought to seek before any other; as the
only dowry that must ruin or preserve our houses。 Let men say what they
will; according to the experience I have learned; I require in married
women the economical virtue above all other virtues; I put my wife to't;
as a concern of her own; leaving her; by my absence; the whole government
of my affairs。 I see; and am vexed to see; in several families I know;
Monsieur about noon come home all jaded and ruffled about his affairs;
when Madame is still dressing her hair and tricking up herself; forsooth;
in her closet: this is for queens to do; and that's a question; too: 'tis
ridiculous and unjust that the laziness of our wives should be maintained
with our sweat and labour。 No man; so far as in me lie; shall have a
clearer; a more quiet and free fruition of his estate than I。 If the
husband bring matter; nature herself will that the wife find the form。
As to the duties of conjugal friendship; that some think to be impaired
by these absences; I am quite of another… opinion。 It is; on the
contrary; an intelligence that easily cools by a too frequent and
assiduous companionship。 Every strange woman appears charming; and we
all find by experience that being continually together is not so pleasing
as to part for a time and meet again。 These interruptions fill me with
fresh affection towards my family; and render my house more pleasant to
me。 Change warms my appetite to the one and then to the other。 I know
that the arms of friendship are long enough to reach from the one end of
the world to the other; and especially this; where there is a continual
communication of offices that rouse the obligation and remembrance。 The
Stoics say that there is so great connection and relation amongst the
sages; that he who dines in France nourishes his companion in Egypt; and
that whoever does but hold out his finger; in what part of the world
soever; all the sages upon the habitable earth feel themselves assisted
by it。 Fruition and possession principally appertain to the imagination;
it more fervently and constantly embraces what it is in quest of; than
what we hold in our arms。 Cast up your daily amusements; you will find
that you are most absent from your friend when he is present with you;
his presence relaxes your attention; and gives you liberty to absent
yourself at every turn and upon every occasion。 When I am away at Rome;
I keep and govern my house; and the conveniences I there left; see my
walls rise; my trees shoot; and my revenue increase or decrease; very
near as well as when I am there:
〃Ante oculos errat domus; errat forma locorum。〃
'〃My house and the forms of places float before my eyes〃
Ovid; Trist; iii。 4; 57。'
If we enjoy nothing but what we touch; we may say farewell to the money
in our chests; and to our sons when they are gone a hunting。 We will
have them nearer to us: is the garden; or half a day's journey from home;
far? What is ten leagues: far or near? If near; what is eleven; twelve;
or thirteen; and so by degrees。 In earnest; if there be a woman who can
tell her husband what step ends the near and what step begins the remote;
I would advise her to stop between;
〃Excludat jurgia finis 。 。 。 。
Utor permisso; caudaeque pilos ut equinae
Paulatim vello; et demo unum; demo etiam unum
Dum cadat elusus ratione ruentis acervi:〃
'〃Let the end shut out all disputes 。 。 。 。 I use what is
permitted; I pluck out the hairs of the horse's tail one by one;
while I thus outwit my opponent。〃Horace; Ep。; ii; I; 38; 45'
and let them boldly call philosophy to their assistance; in whose teeth
it may be cast that; seeing it neither discerns the one nor the other end
of the joint; betwixt the too much and the little; the long and the
short; the light and the heavy; the near and the remote; that seeing it
discovers neither the beginning nor the end; it must needs judge very
uncertainly of the middle:
〃Rerum natura nullam nobis dedit cognitionem finium。〃
'〃Nature has green to us no knowledge of the end of things。〃
Cicero; Acad。; ii。 29。'
Are they not still wives and friends to the dead who are not at the end
of this but in the other world? We embrace not only the absent; but
those who have been; and those who are not yet。 We do not promise in
marriage to be continually twisted and linked together; like some little
animals that we see; or; like the bewitched folks of Karenty;'Karantia;
a town in the isle of Rugen。 See Saxo…Grammaticus; Hist。 of Denmark;
book xiv。' tied together like dogs; and a wife ought not to be so
greedily enamoured of her husband's foreparts; that she cannot endure to
see h