第 9 节
作者:老山文学      更新:2021-02-25 00:24      字数:9322
  Persia; who obliged themselves to drink no other water but that of the
  river Choaspes; foolishly quitted claim to their right in all other
  streams; and; so far as concerned themselves; dried up all the other
  rivers of the world。  What Socrates did towards his end; to look upon a
  sentence of banishment as worse than a sentence of death against him; I
  shall; I think; never be either so decrepid or so strictly habituated to
  my own country to be of that opinion。  These celestial lives have images
  enough that I embrace more by esteem than affection; and they have some
  also so elevated and extraordinary that I cannot embrace them so much as
  by esteem; forasmuch as I cannot conceive them。  That fancy was singular
  in a man who thought the whole world his city; it is true that he
  disdained travel; and had hardly ever set his foot out of the Attic
  territories。  What say you to his complaint of the money his friends
  offered to save his life; and that he refused to come out of prison by
  the mediation of others; in order not to disobey the laws in a time when
  they were otherwise so corrupt?  These examples are of the first kind for
  me; of the second; there are others that I could find out in the same
  person: many of these rare examples surpass the force of my action; but
  some of them; moreover; surpass the force of my judgment。
  Besides these reasons; travel is in my opinion a very profitable
  exercise; the soul is there continually employed in observing new and
  unknown things; and I do not know; as I have often said a better school
  wherein to model life than by incessantly exposing to it the diversity
  of so many other lives; fancies; and usances; and by making it relish a
  perpetual variety of forms of human nature。  The body is; therein;
  neither idle nor overwrought; and that moderate agitation puts it in
  breath。  I can keep on horseback; tormented with the stone as I am;
  without alighting or being weary; eight or ten hours together:
  〃Vires ultra sorternque senectae。〃
  '〃Beyond the strength and lot of age。〃AEneid; vi。 114。'
  No season is enemy to me but the parching heat of a scorching sun; for
  the umbrellas made use of in Italy; ever since the time of the ancient
  Romans; more burden a man's arm than they relieve his head。  I would fain
  know how it was that the Persians; so long ago and in the infancy of
  luxury; made ventilators where they wanted them; and planted shades; as
  Xenophon reports they did。  I love rain; and to dabble in the dirt; as
  well as ducks do。  The change of air and climate never touches me; every
  sky is alike; I am only troubled with inward alterations which I breed
  within myself; and those are not so frequent in travel。  I am hard to be
  got out; but being once upon the road; I hold out as well as the best。
  I take as much pains in little as in great attempts; and am as solicitous
  to equip myself for a short journey; if but to visit a neighbour; as for
  the longest voyage。  I have learned to travel after the Spanish fashion;
  and to make but one stage of a great many miles; and in excessive heats
  I always travel by night; from sun set to sunrise。  The other method of
  baiting by the way; in haste and hurry to gobble up a dinner; is;
  especially in short days; very inconvenient。  My horses perform the
  better; never any horse tired under me that was able to hold out the
  first day's journey。  I water them at every brook I meet; and have only a
  care they have so much way to go before I come to my inn; as will digest
  the water in their bellies。  My unwillingness to rise in a morning gives
  my servants leisure to dine at their ease before they set out; for my own
  part; I never eat too late; my appetite comes to me in eating; and not
  else; I am never hungry but at table。
  Some of my friends blame me for continuing this travelling humour; being
  married and old。  But they are out in't; 'tis the best time to leave a
  man's house; when he has put it into a way of continuing without him; and
  settled such order as corresponds with its former government。  'Tis much
  greater imprudence to abandon it to a less faithful housekeeper; and who
  will be less solicitous to look after your affairs。
  The most useful and honourable knowledge and employment for the mother of
  a family is the science of good housewifery。  I see some that are
  covetous indeed; but very few that are good managers。  'Tis the supreme
  quality of a woman; which a man ought to seek before any other; as the
  only dowry that must ruin or preserve our houses。  Let men say what they
  will; according to the experience I have learned; I require in married
  women the economical virtue above all other virtues; I put my wife to't;
  as a concern of her own; leaving her; by my absence; the whole government
  of my affairs。  I see; and am vexed to see; in several families I know;
  Monsieur about noon come home all jaded and ruffled about his affairs;
  when Madame is still dressing her hair and tricking up herself; forsooth;
  in her closet: this is for queens to do; and that's a question; too: 'tis
  ridiculous and unjust that the laziness of our wives should be maintained
  with our sweat and labour。  No man; so far as in me lie; shall have a
  clearer; a more quiet and free fruition of his estate than I。  If the
  husband bring matter; nature herself will that the wife find the form。
  As to the duties of conjugal friendship; that some think to be impaired
  by these absences; I am quite of another… opinion。  It is; on the
  contrary; an intelligence that easily cools by a too frequent and
  assiduous companionship。  Every strange woman appears charming; and we
  all find by experience that being continually together is not so pleasing
  as to part for a time and meet again。  These interruptions fill me with
  fresh affection towards my family; and render my house more pleasant to
  me。  Change warms my appetite to the one and then to the other。  I know
  that the arms of friendship are long enough to reach from the one end of
  the world to the other; and especially this; where there is a continual
  communication of offices that rouse the obligation and remembrance。  The
  Stoics say that there is so great connection and relation amongst the
  sages; that he who dines in France nourishes his companion in Egypt; and
  that whoever does but hold out his finger; in what part of the world
  soever; all the sages upon the habitable earth feel themselves assisted
  by it。  Fruition and possession principally appertain to the imagination;
  it more fervently and constantly embraces what it is in quest of; than
  what we hold in our arms。  Cast up your daily amusements; you will find
  that you are most absent from your friend when he is present with you;
  his presence relaxes your attention; and gives you liberty to absent
  yourself at every turn and upon every occasion。  When I am away at Rome;
  I keep and govern my house; and the conveniences I there left; see my
  walls rise; my trees shoot; and my revenue increase or decrease; very
  near as well as when I am there:
  〃Ante oculos errat domus; errat forma locorum。〃
  '〃My house and the forms of places float before my eyes〃
  Ovid; Trist; iii。 4; 57。'
  If we enjoy nothing but what we touch; we may say farewell to the money
  in our chests; and to our sons when they are gone a hunting。  We will
  have them nearer to us: is the garden; or half a day's journey from home;
  far?  What is ten leagues: far or near?  If near; what is eleven; twelve;
  or thirteen; and so by degrees。  In earnest; if there be a woman who can
  tell her husband what step ends the near and what step begins the remote;
  I would advise her to stop between;
  〃Excludat jurgia finis 。  。  。  。
  Utor permisso; caudaeque pilos ut equinae
  Paulatim vello; et demo unum; demo etiam unum
  Dum cadat elusus ratione ruentis acervi:〃
  '〃Let the end shut out all disputes 。  。  。  。  I use what is
  permitted; I pluck out the hairs of the horse's tail one by one;
  while I thus outwit my opponent。〃Horace; Ep。; ii; I; 38; 45'
  and let them boldly call philosophy to their assistance; in whose teeth
  it may be cast that; seeing it neither discerns the one nor the other end
  of the joint; betwixt the too much and the little; the long and the
  short; the light and the heavy; the near and the remote; that seeing it
  discovers neither the beginning nor the end; it must needs judge very
  uncertainly of the middle:
  〃Rerum natura nullam nobis dedit cognitionem finium。〃
  '〃Nature has green to us no knowledge of the end of things。〃
  Cicero; Acad。; ii。 29。'
  Are they not still wives and friends to the dead who are not at the end
  of this but in the other world?  We embrace not only the absent; but
  those who have been; and those who are not yet。  We do not promise in
  marriage to be continually twisted and linked together; like some little
  animals that we see; or; like the bewitched folks of Karenty;'Karantia;
  a town in the isle of Rugen。  See Saxo…Grammaticus; Hist。  of Denmark;
  book xiv。' tied together like dogs; and a wife ought not to be so
  greedily enamoured of her husband's foreparts; that she cannot endure to
  see h