第 25 节
作者:不受约束      更新:2021-02-25 00:19      字数:9321
  When forth we squeeze it; in chewing up our food;…
  As any one perchance begins to squeeze
  With hand and dry a sponge with water soaked。
  Next; all which forth we squeeze is spread about
  Along the pores and intertwined paths
  Of the loose…textured tongue。 And so; when smooth
  The bodies of the oozy flavour; then
  Delightfully they touch; delightfully
  They treat all spots; around the wet and trickling
  Enclosures of the tongue。 And contrariwise;
  They sting and pain the sense with their assault;
  According as with roughness they're supplied。
  Next; only up to palate is the pleasure
  Coming from flavour; for in truth when down
  'Thas plunged along the throat; no pleasure is;
  Whilst into all the frame it spreads around;
  Nor aught it matters with what food is fed
  The body; if only what thou take thou canst
  Distribute well digested to the frame
  And keep the stomach in a moist career。
  Now; how it is we see some food for some;
  Others for others。。。。
  。     。     。     。     。     。
  I will unfold; or wherefore what to some
  Is foul and bitter; yet the same to others
  Can seem delectable to eat;… why here
  So great the distance and the difference is
  That what is food to one to some becomes
  Fierce poison; as a certain snake there is
  Which; touched by spittle of a man; will waste
  And end itself by gnawing up its coil。
  Again; fierce poison is the hellebore
  To us; but puts the fat on goats and quails。
  That thou mayst know by what devices this
  Is brought about; in chief thou must recall
  What we have said before; that seeds are kept
  Commixed in things in divers modes。 Again;
  As all the breathing creatures which take food
  Are outwardly unlike; and outer cut
  And contour of their members bounds them round;
  Each differing kind by kind; they thus consist
  Of seeds of varying shape。 And furthermore;
  Since seeds do differ; divers too must be
  The interstices and paths (which we do call
  The apertures) in all the members; even
  In mouth and palate too。 Thus some must be
  More small or yet more large; three…cornered some
  And others squared; and many others round;
  And certain of them many…angled too
  In many modes。 For; as the combination
  And motion of their divers shapes demand;
  The shapes of apertures must be diverse
  And paths must vary according to their walls
  That bound them。 Hence when what is sweet to some;
  Becomes to others bitter; for him to whom
  'Tis sweet; the smoothest particles must needs
  Have entered caressingly the palate's pores。
  And; contrariwise; with those to whom that sweet
  Is sour within the mouth; beyond a doubt
  The rough and barbed particles have got
  Into the narrows of the apertures。
  Now easy it is from these affairs to know
  Whatever。。。
  。     。     。     。     。     。
  Indeed; where one from o'er…abundant bile
  Is stricken with fever; or in other wise
  Feels the roused violence of some malady;
  There the whole frame is now upset; and there
  All the positions of the seeds are changed;…
  So that the bodies which before were fit
  To cause the savour; now are fit no more;
  And now more apt are others which be able
  To get within the pores and gender sour。
  Both sorts; in sooth; are intermixed in honey…
  What oft we've proved above to thee before。
  Now come; and I will indicate what wise
  Impact of odour on the nostrils touches。
  And first; 'tis needful there be many things
  From whence the streaming flow of varied odours
  May roll along; and we're constrained to think
  They stream and dart and sprinkle themselves about
  Impartially。 But for some breathing creatures
  One odour is more apt; to others another…
  Because of differing forms of seeds and pores。
  Thus on and on along the zephyrs bees
  Are led by odour of honey; vultures too
  By carcasses。 Again; the forward power
  Of scent in dogs doth lead the hunter on
  Whithersoever the splay…foot of wild beast
  Hath hastened its career; and the white goose;
  The saviour of the Roman citadel;
  Forescents afar the odour of mankind。
  Thus; diversly to divers ones is given
  Peculiar smell that leadeth each along
  To his own food or makes him start aback
  From loathsome poison; and in this wise are
  The generations of the wild preserved。
  Yet is this pungence not alone in odours
  Or in the class of flavours; but; likewise;
  The look of things and hues agree not all
  So well with senses unto all; but that
  Some unto some will be; to gaze upon;
  More keen and painful。 Lo; the raving lions;
  They dare not face and gaze upon the cock
  Who's wont with wings to flap away the night
  From off the stage; and call the beaming morn
  With clarion voice… and lions straightway thus
  Bethink themselves of flight; because; ye see;
  Within the body of the cocks there be
  Some certain seeds; which; into lions' eyes
  Injected; bore into the pupils deep
  And yield such piercing pain they can't hold out
  Against the cocks; however fierce they be…
  Whilst yet these seeds can't hurt our gaze the least;
  Either because they do not penetrate;
  Or since they have free exit from the eyes
  As soon as penetrating; so that thus
  They cannot hurt our eyes in any part
  By there remaining。
  To speak once more of odour;
  Whatever assail the nostrils; some can travel
  A longer way than others。 None of them;
  However; 's borne so far as sound or voice…
  While I omit all mention of such things
  As hit the eyesight and assail the vision。
  For slowly on a wandering course it comes
  And perishes sooner; by degrees absorbed
  Easily into all the winds of air;…
  And first; because from deep inside the thing
  It is discharged with labour (for the fact
  That every object; when 'tis shivered; ground;
  Or crumbled by the fire; will smell the stronger
  Is sign that odours flow and part away
  From inner regions of the things)。 And next;
  Thou mayest see that odour is create
  Of larger primal germs than voice; because
  It enters not through stony walls; wherethrough
  Unfailingly the voice and sound are borne;
  Wherefore; besides; thou wilt observe 'tis not
  So easy to trace out in whatso place
  The smelling object is。 For; dallying on
  Along the winds; the particles cool off;
  And then the scurrying messengers of things
  Arrive our senses; when no longer hot。
  So dogs oft wander astray; and hunt the scent。
  Now mark; and hear what objects move the mind;
  And learn; in few; whence unto intellect
  Do come what come。 And first I tell thee this:
  That many images of objects rove
  In many modes to every region round…
  So thin that easily the one with other;
  When once they meet; uniteth in mid…air;
  Like gossamer or gold…leaf。 For; indeed;
  Far thinner are they in their fabric than
  Those images which take a hold on eyes
  And smite the vision; since through body's pores
  They penetrate; and inwardly stir up
  The subtle nature of mind and smite the sense。
  Thus; Centaurs and the limbs of Scyllas; thus
  The Cerberus…visages of dogs we see;
  And images of people gone before…
  Dead men whose bones earth bosomed long ago;
  Because the images of every kind
  Are everywhere about us borne… in part
  Those which are gendered in the very air
  Of own accord; in part those others which
  From divers things do part away; and those
  Which are compounded; made from out their shapes。
  For soothly from no living Centaur is
  That phantom gendered; since no breed of beast
  Like him was ever; but; when images
  Of horse and man by chance have come together;
  They easily cohere; as aforesaid;
  At once; through subtle nature and fabric thin。
  In the same fashion others of this ilk
  Created are。 And when they're quickly borne
  In their exceeding lightness; easily
  (As earlier I showed) one subtle image;
  Compounded; moves by its one blow the mind;
  Itself so subtle and so strangely quick。
  That these things come to pass as I record;
  From this thou easily canst understand:
  So far as one is unto other like;
  Seeing with mind as well as with the eyes
  Must come to pass in fashion not unlike。
  Well; now; since I have shown that I perceive
  Haply a lion through those idol…films
  Such as assail my eyes; 'tis thine to know
  Also the mind is in like manner moved;
  And sees; nor more nor less than eyes do see
  (Except that it perceives more subtle films)
  The lion and aught else through idol…films。
  And when the sleep has overset our frame;
  The mind's intelligence is now awake;
  Still for no other reason; save that these…
  The self…same films as when we are awake…
  Assail our minds; to such degree indeed
  That we do seem to see for sure the man
  Whom; void of life; now death and earth have gained
  Dominion over。 And nature forces this
  To come to pass because the body's senses
  Are resting; thwarted through the members all;
  Unable now to conquer false with true;
  And memory lies prone and languishes
  In slumber; nor protests that he; the man
  Whom the mind feigns to see alive; long since
  Hath been the gain of death and dissolution。
  And further; 'tis no marvel idols move
  And toss their arms and other members round
  In rhythmic time… and often in men's sleeps
  It haps an image this is seen to do;
  In sooth; when perishes the former image;
  And other is gendered of another pose;
  That former seemeth to have changed its gestures。
  Of course the change must be conceived as speedy;
  So great the swiftness