第 25 节
作者:
不受约束 更新:2021-02-25 00:19 字数:9321
When forth we squeeze it; in chewing up our food;…
As any one perchance begins to squeeze
With hand and dry a sponge with water soaked。
Next; all which forth we squeeze is spread about
Along the pores and intertwined paths
Of the loose…textured tongue。 And so; when smooth
The bodies of the oozy flavour; then
Delightfully they touch; delightfully
They treat all spots; around the wet and trickling
Enclosures of the tongue。 And contrariwise;
They sting and pain the sense with their assault;
According as with roughness they're supplied。
Next; only up to palate is the pleasure
Coming from flavour; for in truth when down
'Thas plunged along the throat; no pleasure is;
Whilst into all the frame it spreads around;
Nor aught it matters with what food is fed
The body; if only what thou take thou canst
Distribute well digested to the frame
And keep the stomach in a moist career。
Now; how it is we see some food for some;
Others for others。。。。
。 。 。 。 。 。
I will unfold; or wherefore what to some
Is foul and bitter; yet the same to others
Can seem delectable to eat;… why here
So great the distance and the difference is
That what is food to one to some becomes
Fierce poison; as a certain snake there is
Which; touched by spittle of a man; will waste
And end itself by gnawing up its coil。
Again; fierce poison is the hellebore
To us; but puts the fat on goats and quails。
That thou mayst know by what devices this
Is brought about; in chief thou must recall
What we have said before; that seeds are kept
Commixed in things in divers modes。 Again;
As all the breathing creatures which take food
Are outwardly unlike; and outer cut
And contour of their members bounds them round;
Each differing kind by kind; they thus consist
Of seeds of varying shape。 And furthermore;
Since seeds do differ; divers too must be
The interstices and paths (which we do call
The apertures) in all the members; even
In mouth and palate too。 Thus some must be
More small or yet more large; three…cornered some
And others squared; and many others round;
And certain of them many…angled too
In many modes。 For; as the combination
And motion of their divers shapes demand;
The shapes of apertures must be diverse
And paths must vary according to their walls
That bound them。 Hence when what is sweet to some;
Becomes to others bitter; for him to whom
'Tis sweet; the smoothest particles must needs
Have entered caressingly the palate's pores。
And; contrariwise; with those to whom that sweet
Is sour within the mouth; beyond a doubt
The rough and barbed particles have got
Into the narrows of the apertures。
Now easy it is from these affairs to know
Whatever。。。
。 。 。 。 。 。
Indeed; where one from o'er…abundant bile
Is stricken with fever; or in other wise
Feels the roused violence of some malady;
There the whole frame is now upset; and there
All the positions of the seeds are changed;…
So that the bodies which before were fit
To cause the savour; now are fit no more;
And now more apt are others which be able
To get within the pores and gender sour。
Both sorts; in sooth; are intermixed in honey…
What oft we've proved above to thee before。
Now come; and I will indicate what wise
Impact of odour on the nostrils touches。
And first; 'tis needful there be many things
From whence the streaming flow of varied odours
May roll along; and we're constrained to think
They stream and dart and sprinkle themselves about
Impartially。 But for some breathing creatures
One odour is more apt; to others another…
Because of differing forms of seeds and pores。
Thus on and on along the zephyrs bees
Are led by odour of honey; vultures too
By carcasses。 Again; the forward power
Of scent in dogs doth lead the hunter on
Whithersoever the splay…foot of wild beast
Hath hastened its career; and the white goose;
The saviour of the Roman citadel;
Forescents afar the odour of mankind。
Thus; diversly to divers ones is given
Peculiar smell that leadeth each along
To his own food or makes him start aback
From loathsome poison; and in this wise are
The generations of the wild preserved。
Yet is this pungence not alone in odours
Or in the class of flavours; but; likewise;
The look of things and hues agree not all
So well with senses unto all; but that
Some unto some will be; to gaze upon;
More keen and painful。 Lo; the raving lions;
They dare not face and gaze upon the cock
Who's wont with wings to flap away the night
From off the stage; and call the beaming morn
With clarion voice… and lions straightway thus
Bethink themselves of flight; because; ye see;
Within the body of the cocks there be
Some certain seeds; which; into lions' eyes
Injected; bore into the pupils deep
And yield such piercing pain they can't hold out
Against the cocks; however fierce they be…
Whilst yet these seeds can't hurt our gaze the least;
Either because they do not penetrate;
Or since they have free exit from the eyes
As soon as penetrating; so that thus
They cannot hurt our eyes in any part
By there remaining。
To speak once more of odour;
Whatever assail the nostrils; some can travel
A longer way than others。 None of them;
However; 's borne so far as sound or voice…
While I omit all mention of such things
As hit the eyesight and assail the vision。
For slowly on a wandering course it comes
And perishes sooner; by degrees absorbed
Easily into all the winds of air;…
And first; because from deep inside the thing
It is discharged with labour (for the fact
That every object; when 'tis shivered; ground;
Or crumbled by the fire; will smell the stronger
Is sign that odours flow and part away
From inner regions of the things)。 And next;
Thou mayest see that odour is create
Of larger primal germs than voice; because
It enters not through stony walls; wherethrough
Unfailingly the voice and sound are borne;
Wherefore; besides; thou wilt observe 'tis not
So easy to trace out in whatso place
The smelling object is。 For; dallying on
Along the winds; the particles cool off;
And then the scurrying messengers of things
Arrive our senses; when no longer hot。
So dogs oft wander astray; and hunt the scent。
Now mark; and hear what objects move the mind;
And learn; in few; whence unto intellect
Do come what come。 And first I tell thee this:
That many images of objects rove
In many modes to every region round…
So thin that easily the one with other;
When once they meet; uniteth in mid…air;
Like gossamer or gold…leaf。 For; indeed;
Far thinner are they in their fabric than
Those images which take a hold on eyes
And smite the vision; since through body's pores
They penetrate; and inwardly stir up
The subtle nature of mind and smite the sense。
Thus; Centaurs and the limbs of Scyllas; thus
The Cerberus…visages of dogs we see;
And images of people gone before…
Dead men whose bones earth bosomed long ago;
Because the images of every kind
Are everywhere about us borne… in part
Those which are gendered in the very air
Of own accord; in part those others which
From divers things do part away; and those
Which are compounded; made from out their shapes。
For soothly from no living Centaur is
That phantom gendered; since no breed of beast
Like him was ever; but; when images
Of horse and man by chance have come together;
They easily cohere; as aforesaid;
At once; through subtle nature and fabric thin。
In the same fashion others of this ilk
Created are。 And when they're quickly borne
In their exceeding lightness; easily
(As earlier I showed) one subtle image;
Compounded; moves by its one blow the mind;
Itself so subtle and so strangely quick。
That these things come to pass as I record;
From this thou easily canst understand:
So far as one is unto other like;
Seeing with mind as well as with the eyes
Must come to pass in fashion not unlike。
Well; now; since I have shown that I perceive
Haply a lion through those idol…films
Such as assail my eyes; 'tis thine to know
Also the mind is in like manner moved;
And sees; nor more nor less than eyes do see
(Except that it perceives more subtle films)
The lion and aught else through idol…films。
And when the sleep has overset our frame;
The mind's intelligence is now awake;
Still for no other reason; save that these…
The self…same films as when we are awake…
Assail our minds; to such degree indeed
That we do seem to see for sure the man
Whom; void of life; now death and earth have gained
Dominion over。 And nature forces this
To come to pass because the body's senses
Are resting; thwarted through the members all;
Unable now to conquer false with true;
And memory lies prone and languishes
In slumber; nor protests that he; the man
Whom the mind feigns to see alive; long since
Hath been the gain of death and dissolution。
And further; 'tis no marvel idols move
And toss their arms and other members round
In rhythmic time… and often in men's sleeps
It haps an image this is seen to do;
In sooth; when perishes the former image;
And other is gendered of another pose;
That former seemeth to have changed its gestures。
Of course the change must be conceived as speedy;
So great the swiftness