第 18 节
作者:不受约束      更新:2021-02-25 00:19      字数:9322
  With ruin so entire; because; indeed;
  Its deep foundations have been moved from place;
  The soul out…filtering even through the frame;
  And through the body's every winding way
  And orifice? And so by many means
  Thou'rt free to learn that nature of the soul
  Hath passed in fragments out along the frame;
  And that 'twas shivered in the very body
  Ere ever it slipped abroad and swam away
  Into the winds of air。 For never a man
  Dying appears to feel the soul go forth
  As one sure whole from all his body at once;
  Nor first come up the throat and into mouth;
  But feels it failing in a certain spot;
  Even as he knows the senses too dissolve
  Each in its own location in the frame。
  But were this mind of ours immortal mind;
  Dying 'twould scarce bewail a dissolution;
  But rather the going; the leaving of its coat;
  Like to a snake。 Wherefore; when once the body
  Hath passed away; admit we must that soul;
  Shivered in all that body; perished too。
  Nay; even when moving in the bounds of life;
  Often the soul; now tottering from some cause;
  Craves to go out; and from the frame entire
  Loosened to be; the countenance becomes
  Flaccid; as if the supreme hour were there;
  And flabbily collapse the members all
  Against the bloodless trunk… the kind of case
  We see when we remark in common phrase;
  〃That man's quite gone;〃 or 〃fainted dead away〃;
  And where there's now a bustle of alarm;
  And all are eager to get some hold upon
  The man's last link of life。 For then the mind
  And all the power of soul are shook so sore;
  And these so totter along with all the frame;
  That any cause a little stronger might
  Dissolve them altogether。… Why; then; doubt
  That soul; when once without the body thrust;
  There in the open; an enfeebled thing;
  Its wrappings stripped away; cannot endure
  Not only through no everlasting age;
  But even; indeed; through not the least of time?
  Then; too; why never is the intellect;
  The counselling mind; begotten in the head;
  The feet; the hands; instead of cleaving still
  To one sole seat; to one fixed haunt; the breast;
  If not that fixed places be assigned
  For each thing's birth; where each; when 'tis create;
  Is able to endure; and that our frames
  Have such complex adjustments that no shift
  In order of our members may appear?
  To that degree effect succeeds to cause;
  Nor is the flame once wont to be create
  In flowing streams; nor cold begot in fire。
  Besides; if nature of soul immortal be;
  And able to feel; when from our frame disjoined;
  The same; I fancy; must be thought to be
  Endowed with senses five;… nor is there way
  But this whereby to image to ourselves
  How under…souls may roam in Acheron。
  Thus painters and the elder race of bards
  Have pictured souls with senses so endowed。
  But neither eyes; nor nose; nor hand; alone
  Apart from body can exist for soul;
  Nor tongue nor ears apart。 And hence indeed
  Alone by self they can nor feel nor be。
  And since we mark the vital sense to be
  In the whole body; all one living thing;
  If of a sudden a force with rapid stroke
  Should slice it down the middle and cleave in twain;
  Beyond a doubt likewise the soul itself;
  Divided; dissevered; asunder will be flung
  Along with body。 But what severed is
  And into sundry parts divides; indeed
  Admits it owns no everlasting nature。
  We hear how chariots of war; areek
  With hurly slaughter; lop with flashing scythes
  The limbs away so suddenly that there;
  Fallen from the trunk; they quiver on the earth;
  The while the mind and powers of the man
  Can feel no pain; for swiftness of his hurt;
  And sheer abandon in the zest of battle:
  With the remainder of his frame he seeks
  Anew the battle and the slaughter; nor marks
  How the swift wheels and scythes of ravin have dragged
  Off with the horses his left arm and shield;
  Nor other how his right has dropped away;
  Mounting again and on。 A third attempts
  With leg dismembered to arise and stand;
  Whilst; on the ground hard by; the dying foot
  Twitches its spreading toes。 And even the head;
  When from the warm and living trunk lopped off;
  Keeps on the ground the vital countenance
  And open eyes; until 't has rendered up
  All remnants of the soul。 Nay; once again:
  If; when a serpent's darting forth its tongue;
  And lashing its tail; thou gettest chance to hew
  With axe its length of trunk to many parts;
  Thou'lt see each severed fragment writhing round
  With its fresh wound; and spattering up the sod;
  And there the fore…part seeking with the jaws
  After the hinder; with bite to stop the pain。
  So shall we say that these be souls entire
  In all those fractions?… but from that 'twould follow
  One creature'd have in body many souls。
  Therefore; the soul; which was indeed but one;
  Has been divided with the body too:
  Each is but mortal; since alike is each
  Hewn into many parts。 Again; how often
  We view our fellow going by degrees;
  And losing limb by limb the vital sense;
  First nails and fingers of the feet turn blue;
  Next die the feet and legs; then o'er the rest
  Slow crawl the certain footsteps of cold death。
  And since this nature of the soul is torn;
  Nor mounts away; as at one time; entire;
  We needs must hold it mortal。 But perchance
  If thou supposest that the soul itself
  Can inward draw along the frame; and bring
  Its parts together to one place; and so
  From all the members draw the sense away;
  Why; then; that place in which such stock of soul
  Collected is; should greater seem in sense。
  But since such place is nowhere; for a fact;
  As said before; 'tis rent and scattered forth;
  And so goes under。 Or again; if now
  I please to grant the false; and say that soul
  Can thus be lumped within the frames of those
  Who leave the sunshine; dying bit by bit;
  Still must the soul as mortal be confessed;
  Nor aught it matters whether to wrack it go;
  Dispersed in the winds; or; gathered in a mass
  From all its parts; sink down to brutish death;
  Since more and more in every region sense
  Fails the whole man; and less and less of life
  In every region lingers。
  And besides;
  If soul immortal is; and winds its way
  Into the body at the birth of man;
  Why can we not remember something; then;
  Of life…time spent before? why keep we not
  Some footprints of the things we did of; old?
  But if so changed hath been the power of mind;
  That every recollection of things done
  Is fallen away; at no o'erlong remove
  Is that; I trow; from what we mean by death。
  Wherefore 'tis sure that what hath been before
  Hath died; and what now is is now create。
  Moreover; if after the body hath been built
  Our mind's live powers are wont to be put in;
  Just at the moment that we come to birth;
  And cross the sills of life; 'twould scarcely fit
  For them to live as if they seemed to grow
  Along with limbs and frame; even in the blood;
  But rather as in a cavern all alone。
  (Yet all the body duly throngs with sense。)
  But public fact declares against all this:
  For soul is so entwined through the veins;
  The flesh; the thews; the bones; that even the teeth
  Share in sensation; as proven by dull ache;
  By twinge from icy water; or grating crunch
  Upon a stone that got in mouth with bread。
  Wherefore; again; again; souls must be thought
  Nor void of birth; nor free from law of death;
  Nor; if; from outward; in they wound their way;
  Could they be thought as able so to cleave
  To these our frames; nor; since so interwove;
  Appears it that they're able to go forth
  Unhurt and whole and loose themselves unscathed
  From all the thews; articulations; bones。
  But; if perchance thou thinkest that the soul;
  From outward winding in its way; is wont
  To seep and soak along these members ours;
  Then all the more 'twill perish; being thus
  With body fused… for what will seep and soak
  Will be dissolved and will therefore die。
  For just as food; dispersed through all the pores
  Of body; and passed through limbs and all the frame;
  Perishes; supplying from itself the stuff
  For other nature; thus the soul and mind;
  Though whole and new into a body going;
  Are yet; by seeping in; dissolved away;
  Whilst; as through pores; to all the frame there pass
  Those particles from which created is
  This nature of mind; now ruler of our body;
  Born from that soul which perished; when divided
  Along the frame。 Wherefore it seems that soul
  Hath both a natal and funeral hour。
  Besides are seeds of soul there left behind
  In the breathless body; or not? If there they are;
  It cannot justly be immortal deemed;
  Since; shorn of some parts lost; 'thas gone away:
  But if; borne off with members uncorrupt;
  'Thas fled so absolutely all away
  It leaves not one remainder of itself
  Behind in body; whence do cadavers; then;
  From out their putrid flesh exhale the worms;
  And whence does such a mass of living things;
  Boneless and bloodless; o'er the bloated frame
  Bubble and swarm? But if perchance thou thinkest
  That souls from outward into worms can wind;
  And each into a separate body come;
  And reckonest not why many thousand souls
  Collect where only one has gone away;
  Here is a point; in sooth; that seems to need
  Inquiry and a putting to the test:
  Whether the souls go on a hunt for seeds
  Of worms wherewith to build their dwelling places;
  Or enter bodies ready…made; as 'twere。
  But why themsel