第 12 节
作者:不受约束      更新:2021-02-25 00:19      字数:9321
  But; if percase it seem to thee that mind
  Itself can dart no influence of its own
  Into these bodies; wide thou wand'rest off。
  For since the blind…born; who have ne'er surveyed
  The light of sun; yet recognise by touch
  Things that from birth had ne'er a hue for them;
  'Tis thine to know that bodies can be brought
  No less unto the ken of our minds too;
  Though yet those bodies with no dye be smeared。
  Again; ourselves whatever in the dark
  We touch; the same we do not find to be
  Tinctured with any colour。
  Now that here
  I win the argument; I next will teach
  。     。     。     。     。     。
  Now; every colour changes; none except;
  And every。。。
  Which the primordials ought nowise to do。
  Since an immutable somewhat must remain;
  Lest all things utterly be brought to naught。
  For change of anything from out its bounds
  Means instant death of that which was before。
  Wherefore be mindful not to stain with colour
  The seeds of things; lest things return for thee
  All utterly to naught。
  But now; if seeds
  Receive no property of colour; and yet
  Be still endowed with variable forms
  From which all kinds of colours they beget
  And vary (by reason that ever it matters much
  With what seeds; and in what positions joined;
  And what the motions that they give and get);
  Forthwith most easily thou mayst devise
  Why what was black of hue an hour ago
  Can of a sudden like the marble gleam;…
  As ocean; when the high winds have upheaved
  Its level plains; is changed to hoary waves
  Of marble whiteness: for; thou mayst declare;
  That; when the thing we often see as black
  Is in its matter then commixed anew;
  Some atoms rearranged; and some withdrawn;
  And added some; 'tis seen forthwith to turn
  Glowing and white。 But if of azure seeds
  Consist the level waters of the deep;
  They could in nowise whiten: for however
  Thou shakest azure seeds; the same can never
  Pass into marble hue。 But; if the seeds…
  Which thus produce the ocean's one pure sheen…
  Be now with one hue; now another dyed;
  As oft from alien forms and divers shapes
  A cube's produced all uniform in shape;
  'Twould be but natural; even as in the cube
  We see the forms to be dissimilar;
  That thus we'd see in brightness of the deep
  (Or in whatever one pure sheen thou wilt)
  Colours diverse and all dissimilar。
  Besides; the unlike shapes don't thwart the least
  The whole in being externally a cube;
  But differing hues of things do block and keep
  The whole from being of one resultant hue。
  Then; too; the reason which entices us
  At times to attribute colours to the seeds
  Falls quite to pieces; since white things are not
  Create from white things; nor are black from black;
  But evermore they are create from things
  Of divers colours。 Verily; the white
  Will rise more readily; is sooner born
  Out of no colour; than of black or aught
  Which stands in hostile opposition thus。
  Besides; since colours cannot be; sans light;
  And the primordials come not forth to light;
  'Tis thine to know they are not clothed with colour…
  Truly; what kind of colour could there be
  In the viewless dark? Nay; in the light itself
  A colour changes; gleaming variedly;
  When smote by vertical or slanting ray。
  Thus in the sunlight shows the down of doves
  That circles; garlanding; the nape and throat:
  Now it is ruddy with a bright gold…bronze;
  Now; by a strange sensation it becomes
  Green…emerald blended with the coral…red。
  The peacock's tail; filled with the copious light;
  Changes its colours likewise; when it turns。
  Wherefore; since by some blow of light begot;
  Without such blow these colours can't become。
  And since the pupil of the eye receives
  Within itself one kind of blow; when said
  To feel a white hue; then another kind;
  When feeling a black or any other hue;
  And since it matters nothing with what hue
  The things thou touchest be perchance endowed;
  But rather with what sort of shape equipped;
  'Tis thine to know the atoms need not colour;
  But render forth sensations; as of touch;
  That vary with their varied forms。
  Besides;
  Since special shapes have not a special colour;
  And all formations of the primal germs
  Can be of any sheen thou wilt; why; then;
  Are not those objects which are of them made
  Suffused; each kind with colours of every kind?
  For then 'twere meet that ravens; as they fly;
  Should dartle from white pinions a white sheen;
  Or swans turn black from seed of black; or be
  Of any single varied dye thou wilt。
  Again; the more an object's rent to bits;
  The more thou see its colour fade away
  Little by little till 'tis quite extinct;
  As happens when the gaudy linen's picked
  Shred after shred away: the purple there;
  Phoenician red; most brilliant of all dyes;
  Is lost asunder; ravelled thread by thread;
  Hence canst perceive the fragments die away
  From out their colour; long ere they depart
  Back to the old primordials of things。
  And; last; since thou concedest not all bodies
  Send out a voice or smell; it happens thus
  That not to all thou givest sounds and smells。
  So; too; since we behold not all with eyes;
  'Tis thine to know some things there are as much
  Orphaned of colour; as others without smell;
  And reft of sound; and those the mind alert
  No less can apprehend than it can mark
  The things that lack some other qualities。
  But think not haply that the primal bodies
  Remain despoiled alone of colour: so;
  Are they from warmth dissevered and from cold
  And from hot exhalations; and they move;
  Both sterile of sound and dry of juice; and throw
  Not any odour from their proper bodies。
  Just as; when undertaking to prepare
  A liquid balm of myrrh and marjoram;
  And flower of nard; which to our nostrils breathes
  Odour of nectar; first of all behooves
  Thou seek; as far as find thou may and can;
  The inodorous olive…oil (which never sends
  One whiff of scent to nostrils); that it may
  The least debauch and ruin with sharp tang
  The odorous essence with its body mixed
  And in it seethed。 And on the same account
  The primal germs of things must not be thought
  To furnish colour in begetting things;
  Nor sound; since pow'rless they to send forth aught
  From out themselves; nor any flavour; too;
  Nor cold; nor exhalation hot or warm。
  。     。     。     。     。     。
  The rest; yet since these things are mortal all…
  The pliant mortal; with a body soft;
  The brittle mortal; with a crumbling frame;
  The hollow with a porous…all must be
  Disjoined from the primal elements;
  If still we wish under the world to lay
  Immortal ground…works; whereupon may rest
  The sum of weal and safety; lest for thee
  All things return to nothing utterly。
  Now; too: whate'er we see possessing sense
  Must yet confessedly be stablished all
  From elements insensate。 And those signs;
  So clear to all and witnessed out of hand;
  Do not refute this dictum nor oppose;
  But rather themselves do lead us by the hand;
  Compelling belief that living things are born
  Of elements insensate; as I say。
  Sooth; we may see from out the stinking dung
  Live worms spring up; when; after soaking rains;
  The drenched earth rots; and all things change the same:
  Lo; change the rivers; the fronds; the gladsome pastures
  Into the cattle; the cattle their nature change
  Into our bodies; and from our body; oft
  Grow strong the powers and bodies of wild beasts
  And mighty…winged birds。 Thus nature changes
  All foods to living frames; and procreates
  From them the senses of live creatures all;
  In manner about as she uncoils in flames
  Dry logs of wood and turns them all to fire。
  And seest not; therefore; how it matters much
  After what order are set the primal germs;
  And with what other germs they all are mixed;
  And what the motions that they give and get?
  But now; what is't that strikes thy sceptic mind;
  Constraining thee to sundry arguments
  Against belief that from insensate germs
  The sensible is gendered?… Verily;
  'Tis this: that liquids; earth; and wood; though mixed;
  Are yet unable to gender vital sense。
  And; therefore; 'twill be well in these affairs
  This to remember: that I have not said
  Senses are born; under conditions all;
  From all things absolutely which create
  Objects that feel; but much it matters here
  Firstly; how small the seeds which thus compose
  The feeling thing; then; with what shapes endowed;
  And lastly what they in positions be;
  In motions; in arrangements。 Of which facts
  Naught we perceive in logs of wood and clods;
  And yet even these; when sodden by the rains;
  Give birth to wormy grubs; because the bodies
  Of matter; from their old arrangements stirred
  By the new factor; then combine anew
  In such a way as genders living things。
  Next; they who deem that feeling objects can
  From feeling objects be create; and these;
  In turn; from others that are wont to feel
  。     。     。     。     。     。
  When soft they make them; for all sense is linked
  With flesh; and thews; and veins… and such; we see;
  Are fashioned soft and of a mortal frame。
  Yet be't that these can last forever on:
  They'll have the sense that's proper to a part;
  Or else be judged to have a sense the same
  As that within live creatures as a whole。
  But of themselves those parts can never feel;
  For