第 9 节
作者:不受约束      更新:2021-02-25 00:19      字数:9322
  Thuswise to swerve; down would they fall; each one;
  Like drops of rain; through the unbottomed void;
  And then collisions ne'er could be nor blows
  Among the primal elements; and thus
  Nature would never have created aught。
  But; if perchance be any that believe
  The heavier bodies; as more swiftly borne
  Plumb down the void; are able from above
  To strike the lighter; thus engendering blows
  Able to cause those procreant motions; far
  From highways of true reason they retire。
  For whatsoever through the waters fall;
  Or through thin air; must quicken their descent;
  Each after its weight… on this account; because
  Both bulk of water and the subtle air
  By no means can retard each thing alike;
  But give more quick before the heavier weight;
  But contrariwise the empty void cannot;
  On any side; at any time; to aught
  Oppose resistance; but will ever yield;
  True to its bent of nature。 Wherefore all;
  With equal speed; though equal not in weight;
  Must rush; borne downward through the still inane。
  Thus ne'er at all have heavier from above
  Been swift to strike the lighter; gendering strokes
  Which cause those divers motions; by whose means
  Nature transacts her work。 And so I say;
  The atoms must a little swerve at times…
  But only the least; lest we should seem to feign
  Motions oblique; and fact refute us there。
  For this we see forthwith is manifest:
  Whatever the weight; it can't obliquely go;
  Down on its headlong journey from above;
  At least so far as thou canst mark; but who
  Is there can mark by sense that naught can swerve
  At all aside from off its road's straight line?
  Again; if ev'r all motions are co…linked;
  And from the old ever arise the new
  In fixed order; and primordial seeds
  Produce not by their swerving some new start
  Of motion to sunder the covenants of fate;
  That cause succeed not cause from everlasting;
  Whence this free will for creatures o'er the lands;
  Whence is it wrested from the fates;… this will
  Whereby we step right forward where desire
  Leads each man on; whereby the same we swerve
  In motions; not as at some fixed time;
  Nor at some fixed line of space; but where
  The mind itself has urged? For out of doubt
  In these affairs 'tis each man's will itself
  That gives the start; and hence throughout our limbs
  Incipient motions are diffused。 Again;
  Dost thou not see; when; at a point of time;
  The bars are opened; how the eager strength
  Of horses cannot forward break as soon
  As pants their mind to do? For it behooves
  That all the stock of matter; through the frame;
  Be roused; in order that; through every joint;
  Aroused; it press and follow mind's desire;
  So thus thou seest initial motion's gendered
  From out the heart; aye; verily; proceeds
  First from the spirit's will; whence at the last
  'Tis given forth through joints and body entire。
  Quite otherwise it is; when forth we move;
  Impelled by a blow of another's mighty powers
  And mighty urge; for then 'tis clear enough
  All matter of our total body goes;
  Hurried along; against our own desire…
  Until the will has pulled upon the reins
  And checked it back; throughout our members all;
  At whose arbitrament indeed sometimes
  The stock of matter's forced to change its path;
  Throughout our members and throughout our joints;
  And; after being forward cast; to be
  Reined up; whereat it settles back again。
  So seest thou not; how; though external force
  Drive men before; and often make them move;
  Onward against desire; and headlong snatched;
  Yet is there something in these breasts of ours
  Strong to combat; strong to withstand the same?…
  Wherefore no less within the primal seeds
  Thou must admit; besides all blows and weight;
  Some other cause of motion; whence derives
  This power in us inborn; of some free act。…
  Since naught from nothing can become; we see。
  For weight prevents all things should come to pass
  Through blows; as 'twere; by some external force;
  But that man's mind itself in all it does
  Hath not a fixed necessity within;
  Nor is not; like a conquered thing; compelled
  To bear and suffer;… this state comes to man
  From that slight swervement of the elements
  In no fixed line of space; in no fixed time。
  Nor ever was the stock of stuff more crammed;
  Nor ever; again; sundered by bigger gaps:
  For naught gives increase and naught takes away;
  On which account; just as they move to…day;
  The elemental bodies moved of old
  And shall the same hereafter evermore。
  And what was wont to be begot of old
  Shall be begotten under selfsame terms
  And grow and thrive in power; so far as given
  To each by Nature's changeless; old decrees。
  The sum of things there is no power can change;
  For naught exists outside; to which can flee
  Out of the world matter of any kind;
  Nor forth from which a fresh supply can spring;
  Break in upon the founded world; and change
  Whole nature of things; and turn their motions about。
  ATOMIC FORMS AND THEIR  COMBINATIONS
  Now come; and next hereafter apprehend
  What sorts; how vastly different in form;
  How varied in multitudinous shapes they are…
  These old beginnings of the universe;
  Not in the sense that only few are furnished
  With one like form; but rather not at all
  In general have they likeness each with each;
  No marvel: since the stock of them's so great
  That there's no end (as I have taught) nor sum;
  They must indeed not one and all be marked
  By equal outline and by shape the same。
  。     。     。     。     。     。
  Moreover; humankind; and the mute flocks
  Of scaly creatures swimming in the streams;
  And joyous herds around; and all the wild;
  And all the breeds of birds… both those that teem
  In gladsome regions of the water…haunts;
  About the river…banks and springs and pools;
  And those that throng; flitting from tree to tree;
  Through trackless woods… Go; take which one thou wilt;
  In any kind: thou wilt discover still
  Each from the other still unlike in shape。
  Nor in no other wise could offspring know
  Mother; nor mother offspring… which we see
  They yet can do; distinguished one from other;
  No less than human beings; by clear signs。
  Thus oft before fair temples of the gods;
  Beside the incense…burning altars slain;
  Drops down the yearling calf; from out its breast
  Breathing warm streams of blood; the orphaned mother;
  Ranging meanwhile green woodland pastures round;
  Knows well the footprints; pressed by cloven hoofs;
  With eyes regarding every spot about;
  For sight somewhere of youngling gone from her;
  And; stopping short; filleth the leafy lanes
  With her complaints; and oft she seeks again
  Within the stall; pierced by her yearning still。
  Nor tender willows; nor dew…quickened grass;
  Nor the loved streams that glide along low banks;
  Can lure her mind and turn the sudden pain;
  Nor other shapes of calves that graze thereby
  Distract her mind or lighten pain the least…
  So keen her search for something known and hers。
  Moreover; tender kids with bleating throats
  Do know their horned dams; and butting lambs
  The flocks of sheep; and thus they patter on;
  Unfailingly each to its proper teat;
  As nature intends。 Lastly; with any grain;
  Thou'lt see that no one kernel in one kind
  Is so far like another; that there still
  Is not in shapes some difference running through。
  By a like law we see how earth is pied
  With shells and conchs; where; with soft waves; the sea
  Beats on the thirsty sands of curving shores。
  Wherefore again; again; since seeds of things
  Exist by nature; nor were wrought with hands
  After a fixed pattern of one other;
  They needs must flitter to and fro with shapes
  In types dissimilar to one another。
  。     。     。     。     。     。
  Easy enough by thought of mind to solve
  Why fires of lightning more can penetrate
  Than these of ours from pitch…pine born on earth。
  For thou canst say lightning's celestial fire;
  So subtle; is formed of figures finer far;
  And passes thus through holes which this our fire;
  Born from the wood; created from the pine;
  Cannot。 Again; light passes through the horn
  On the lantern's side; while rain is dashed away。
  And why?… unless those bodies of light should be
  Finer than those of water's genial showers。
  We see how quickly through a colander
  The wines will flow; how; on the other hand;
  The sluggish olive…oil delays: no doubt;
  Because 'tis wrought of elements more large;
  Or else more crook'd and intertangled。 Thus
  It comes that the primordials cannot be
  So suddenly sundered one from other; and seep;
  One through each several hole of anything。
  And note; besides; that liquor of honey or milk
  Yields in the mouth agreeable taste to tongue;
  Whilst nauseous wormwood; pungent centaury;
  With their foul flavour set the lips awry;
  Thus simple 'tis to see that whatsoever
  Can touch the senses pleasingly are made
  Of smooth and rounded elements; whilst those
  Which seem the bitter and the sharp; are held
  Entwined by elements more crook'd; and so
  Are wont to tear their ways into our senses;
  And rend our body as they enter in。
  In short all good to sense; all bad to touch;
  Being up…built of figures so unlike;
  Are mutually at strife… lest thou suppose
  That the shrill rasping of a squeaking saw
  Consists of elements as smooth as song
  Which; waked by nimble fingers; on the strings
  The sweet music