第 4 节
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莫莫言 更新:2021-02-24 23:39 字数:9319
neglected; whether from unworthy motives; or because it is no longer
needed; then the words and the book will lose both their use and their
sanctity: lastly; if these same words be otherwise arranged; or if their
customary meaning becomes perverted into its opposite; then both the
words and the book containing them become; instead of sacred; impure
and profane。
(20) From this it follows that nothing is in itself absolutely sacred; or
profane; and unclean; apart from the mind; but only relatively thereto。 (21)
Thus much is clear from many passages in the Bible。 (22) Jeremiah (to
select one case out of many) says (chap。 vii:4); that the Jews of his time
were wrong in calling Solomon's Temple; the Temple of God; for; as he
goes on to say in the same chapter; God's name would only be given to the
Temple so long as it was frequented by men who worshipped Him; and
defended justice; but that; if it became the resort of murderers; thieves;
idolaters; and other wicked persons; it would be turned into a den of
malefactors。
(23) Scripture; curiously enough; nowhere tells us what became of the
Ark of the Covenant; though there is no doubt that it was destroyed; or
burnt together with the Temple; yet there was nothing which the Hebrews
considered more sacred; or held in greater reverence。 (24) Thus Scripture
is sacred; and its words Divine so long as it stirs mankind to devotion
towards God: but if it be utterly neglected; as it formerly was by the Jews;
it becomes nothing but paper and ink; and is left to be desecrated or
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corrupted: still; though Scripture be thus corrupted or destroyed; we must
not say that the Word of God has suffered in like manner; else we shall be
like the Jews; who said that the Temple which would then be the Temple
of God had perished in the flames。 (25) Jeremiah tells us this in respect to
the law; for he thus chides the ungodly of his time; 〃Wherefore; say you
we are masters; and the law of the Lord is with us? (26) Surely it has been
given in vain; it is in vain that the pen of the scribes 〃 (has been made) …
that is; you say falsely that the Scripture is in your power; and that you
possess the law of God; for ye have made it of none effect。
(27) So also; when Moses broke the first tables of the law; he did not
by any means cast the Word of God from his hands in anger and shatter it …
such an action would be inconceivable; either of Moses or of God's Word …
he only broke the tables of stone; which; though they had before been holy
from containing the covenant wherewith the Jews had bound themselves
in obedience to God; had entirely lost their sanctity when the covenant had
been violated by the worship of the calf; and were; therefore; as liable to
perish as the ark of the covenant。 (28) It is thus scarcely to be wondered at;
that the original documents of Moses are no longer extant; nor that the
books we possess met with the fate we have described; when we consider
that the true original of the Divine covenant; the most sacred object of all;
has totally perished。
(29) Let them cease; therefore; who accuse us of impiety; inasmuch as
we have said nothing against the Word of God; neither have we corrupted
it; but let them keep their anger; if they would wreak it justly; for the
ancients whose malice desecrated the Ark; the Temple; and the Law of
God; and all that was held sacred; subjecting them to corruption。 (30)
Furthermore; if; according to the saying of the Apostle in 2 Cor。 iii:3; they
possessed 〃the Epistle of Christ; written not with ink; but with the Spirit of
the living God; not in tables of stone; but in the fleshy tables of the heart;〃
let them cease to worship the letter; and be so anxious concerning it。
(31) I think I have now sufficiently shown in what respect Scripture
should be accounted sacred and Divine; we may now see what should
rightly be understood by the expression; the Word of the Lord; debar (the
Hebrew original) signifies word; speech; command; and thing。 (32) The
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causes for which a thing is in Hebrew said to be of God; or is referred to
Him; have been already detailed in Chap。 I。; and we can therefrom easily
gather what meaning Scripture attaches to the phrases; the word; the
speech; the command; or the thing of God。 (33) I need not; therefore;
repeat what I there said; nor what was shown under the third head in the
chapter on miracles。 (34) It is enough to mention the repetition for the
better understanding of what I am about to say … viz。; that the Word of the
Lord when it has reference to anyone but God Himself; signifies that
Divine law treated of in Chap。 IV。; in other words; religion; universal and
catholic to the whole human race; as Isaiah describes it (chap。 i:10);
teaching that the true way of life consists; not in ceremonies; but in charity;
and a true heart; and calling it indifferently God's Law and God's Word。
(35) The expression is also used metaphorically for the order of nature
and destiny (which; indeed; actually depend and follow from the eternal
mandate of the Divine nature); and especially for such parts of such order
as were foreseen by the prophets; for the prophets did not perceive future
events as the result of natural causes; but as the fiats and decrees of God。
(36) Lastly; it is employed for the command of any prophet; in so far as he
had perceived it by his peculiar faculty or prophetic gift; and not by the
natural light of reason; this use springs chiefly from the usual prophetic
conception of God as a legislator; which we remarked in Chap。 IV。 (37)
There are; then; three causes for the Bible's being called the Word of God:
because it teaches true religion; of which God is the eternal Founder;
because it narrates predictions of future events as though they were
decrees of God; because its actual authors generally perceived things not
by their ordinary natural faculties; but by a power peculiar to themselves;
and introduced these things perceived; as told them by God。
(37) Although Scripture contains much that is merely historical and
can be perceived by natural reason; yet its name is acquired from its chief
subject matter。
(38) We can thus easily see how God can be said to be the Author of
the Bible: it is because of the true religion therein contained; and not
because He wished to communicate to men a certain number of books。 (39)
We can also learn from hence the reason for the division into Old and New
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Testament。 (40) It was made because the prophets who preached religion
before Christ; preached it as a national law in virtue of the covenant
entered into under Moses; while the Apostles who came after Christ;
preached it to all men as a universal religion solely in virtue of Christ's
Passion: the cause for the division is not that the two parts are different in
doctrine; nor that they were written as originals of the covenant; nor; lastly;
that the catholic religion (which is in entire harmony with our nature) was
new except in relation to those who had not known it: 〃 it was in the
world;〃 as John the Evangelist says; 〃 and the world knew it not。〃
(41) Thus; even if we had fewer books of the Old and New Testament
than we have; we should still not be deprived of the Word of God (which;
as we have said; is identical with true religion); even as we do not now
hold ourselves to be deprived of it; though we lack many cardinal writings
such as the Book of the Law; which was religiously guarded in the Temple
as the original of the Covenant; also the Book of Wars; the Book of
Chronicles; and many others; from whence the extant Old Testament was
taken and compiled。 (42) The above conclusion may