第 4 节
作者:莫莫言      更新:2021-02-24 23:39      字数:9319
  neglected;   whether   from   unworthy   motives;   or   because   it   is   no   longer
  needed;   then   the   words   and   the   book   will   lose   both   their   use   and   their
  sanctity:   lastly;   if   these   same   words   be   otherwise   arranged;   or   if   their
  customary   meaning   becomes   perverted   into   its   opposite;   then   both   the
  words   and   the   book   containing   them   become;   instead   of   sacred;   impure
  and profane。
  (20) From this it follows that nothing is in itself absolutely sacred; or
  profane; and unclean; apart from the mind; but only relatively thereto。 (21)
  Thus   much   is   clear   from   many  passages   in   the   Bible。   (22)   Jeremiah   (to
  select one case out of many) says (chap。 vii:4); that the Jews of his time
  were wrong in calling Solomon's Temple; the Temple of God; for; as he
  goes on to say in the same chapter; God's name would only be given to the
  Temple   so   long   as   it   was   frequented by  men   who   worshipped   Him;  and
  defended   justice;   but   that;   if   it   became   the   resort   of   murderers;   thieves;
  idolaters;   and   other   wicked   persons;   it   would   be   turned   into   a   den   of
  malefactors。
  (23) Scripture; curiously enough; nowhere tells us what became of the
  Ark   of   the   Covenant;   though   there is   no doubt   that   it   was   destroyed;   or
  burnt together with the Temple; yet there was nothing which the Hebrews
  considered more sacred; or held in greater reverence。 (24) Thus Scripture
  is   sacred;   and   its   words   Divine   so   long   as   it   stirs   mankind   to   devotion
  towards God: but if it be utterly neglected; as it formerly was by the Jews;
  it   becomes   nothing   but   paper   and   ink;   and   is   left   to   be   desecrated   or
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  corrupted: still; though Scripture be thus corrupted or destroyed; we must
  not say that the Word of God has suffered in like manner; else we shall be
  like the Jews; who said that the Temple which would then be the Temple
  of God had perished in the flames。 (25) Jeremiah tells us this in respect to
  the law; for he thus chides the ungodly of his time; 〃Wherefore; say you
  we are masters; and the law of the Lord is with us? (26) Surely it has been
  given in vain; it is in vain that the pen of the scribes 〃 (has been made) …
  that is;  you say  falsely  that the  Scripture  is in  your   power; and   that  you
  possess the law of God; for ye have made it of none effect。
  (27) So also; when Moses broke the first tables of the law; he did not
  by any means cast the Word of God from his hands in anger and shatter it …
  such an action would be inconceivable; either of Moses or of God's Word …
  he only broke the tables of stone; which; though they had before been holy
  from containing the covenant wherewith the Jews had bound themselves
  in obedience to God; had entirely lost their sanctity when the covenant had
  been violated by the worship of the calf; and were; therefore; as liable to
  perish as the ark of the covenant。 (28) It is thus scarcely to be wondered at;
  that   the   original   documents   of   Moses   are   no   longer   extant;   nor   that   the
  books we possess met with the fate we have described; when we consider
  that the true original of the Divine covenant; the most sacred object of all;
  has totally perished。
  (29) Let them cease; therefore; who accuse us of impiety; inasmuch as
  we have said nothing against the Word of God; neither have we corrupted
  it;   but   let   them   keep   their   anger;   if   they   would   wreak   it   justly;   for   the
  ancients   whose   malice   desecrated   the Ark;   the   Temple;   and   the   Law   of
  God;   and   all   that   was   held   sacred;   subjecting   them   to   corruption。   (30)
  Furthermore; if; according to the saying of the Apostle in 2 Cor。 iii:3; they
  possessed 〃the Epistle of Christ; written not with ink; but with the Spirit of
  the living God; not in tables of stone; but in the fleshy tables of the heart;〃
  let them cease to worship the letter; and be so anxious concerning it。
  (31) I think   I have now  sufficiently shown in  what respect   Scripture
  should   be   accounted   sacred   and   Divine;   we   may   now   see   what   should
  rightly be understood by the expression; the Word of the Lord; debar (the
  Hebrew   original)   signifies   word;   speech;   command;   and   thing。   (32)   The
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  causes for which a thing is in Hebrew said to be of God; or is referred to
  Him; have been already detailed in Chap。 I。; and we can therefrom easily
  gather     what    meaning     Scripture    attaches    to   the  phrases;    the   word;    the
  speech;   the   command;   or   the   thing   of   God。   (33)   I   need   not;   therefore;
  repeat what I there said; nor what was shown under the third head in the
  chapter   on   miracles。   (34)   It   is   enough   to   mention   the   repetition   for   the
  better understanding of what I am about to say … viz。; that the Word of the
  Lord   when   it   has   reference   to   anyone   but   God   Himself;   signifies   that
  Divine law treated of in Chap。 IV。; in other words; religion; universal and
  catholic     to  the  whole     human     race;   as  Isaiah   describes     it  (chap。   i:10);
  teaching that the true way of life consists; not in ceremonies; but in charity;
  and a true heart; and calling it indifferently God's Law and God's Word。
  (35) The expression is also used metaphorically for the order of nature
  and destiny (which; indeed; actually  depend and follow from the   eternal
  mandate of the Divine nature); and especially for such parts of such order
  as were foreseen by the prophets; for the prophets did not perceive future
  events as the result of natural causes; but as the fiats and decrees of God。
  (36) Lastly; it is employed for the command of any prophet; in so far as he
  had perceived it by his peculiar faculty or prophetic gift; and not by the
  natural light   of   reason; this   use  springs   chiefly  from  the  usual prophetic
  conception of God   as a legislator;  which we remarked   in Chap。 IV。  (37)
  There are; then; three causes for the Bible's being called the Word of God:
  because   it   teaches   true   religion;   of   which   God   is   the   eternal   Founder;
  because      it  narrates   predictions     of   future   events    as  though     they   were
  decrees of God; because its actual authors generally perceived things not
  by their ordinary natural faculties; but by a power peculiar to themselves;
  and introduced these things perceived; as told them by God。
  (37) Although   Scripture   contains   much   that   is   merely   historical   and
  can be perceived by natural reason; yet its name is acquired from its chief
  subject matter。
  (38) We can thus easily see how God can be said to be the Author of
  the   Bible:   it   is   because   of   the   true   religion   therein   contained;   and   not
  because He wished to communicate to men a certain number of books。 (39)
  We can also learn from hence the reason for the division into Old and New
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  Testament。 (40) It was made because the prophets who preached religion
  before   Christ;   preached   it   as   a   national   law   in   virtue   of   the   covenant
  entered     into   under   Moses;     while   the   Apostles    who    came   after   Christ;
  preached   it   to   all   men   as   a   universal   religion solely  in   virtue of   Christ's
  Passion: the cause for the division is not that the two parts are different in
  doctrine; nor that they were written as originals of the covenant; nor; lastly;
  that the catholic religion (which is in entire harmony with our nature) was
  new   except   in   relation   to   those   who   had   not   known   it:   〃   it   was   in   the
  world;〃 as John the Evangelist says; 〃 and the world knew it not。〃
  (41) Thus; even if we had fewer books of the Old and New Testament
  than we have; we should still not be deprived of the Word of God (which;
  as we have said; is identical   with true religion);  even as we  do not now
  hold ourselves to be deprived of it; though we lack many cardinal writings
  such as the Book of the Law; which was religiously guarded in the Temple
  as   the   original   of   the   Covenant;   also   the   Book   of   Wars;   the   Book   of
  Chronicles; and many others; from whence the extant Old Testament was
  taken   and   compiled。   (42)   The   above   conclusion   may