第 2 节
作者:敏儿不觉      更新:2021-02-24 22:58      字数:9308
  ultimately an excellent wife and mother; given to piety and good works;
  used in her earlier years as a political instrument by father and brother; and
  these   two   no   worse   than   masterful   and   ambitious   men   employing   the
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  political technique common to their day and age。
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  Messalina;       Locusta;     Lucretia;     Theodora;      they   step    aside    in  this
  particular     review     of   peccant     women。       Cleopatra;      supposed      to   have
  poisoned       slaves    in   the   spirit   of  scientific    research;     or   perhaps     as
  punishment for having handed her the wrong lipstick; also is set aside。                       It
  were supererogatory  to   attempt   dealing   with the ladies   mentioned   in   the
  Bible and the Apocrypha; such as Jael; who drove the nail into the head of
  Sisera; or Judith; who cut off the head of Holofernes。                     Their stories are
  plainly   and   excellently   told   in   the   Scriptural   manner;   and   the   adding   of
  detail   would   be   mere   fictional   exercise。      Something;   perhaps;   might   be
  done      for   them    by    way    of   deducing      their   characters     and    physical
  shortcomings   through   examination   of   their   deeds   and   motivesbut   this
  may be left to psychiatrists。          There is room here merely for a soupcon of
  psychologyjust as   much;   in   fact; as   may  afford   the writer   an   easy  turn
  from  one   plain   narrative   to   another。      You   will   have   no   more   of   it   than
  amounts;   say;   to   the   pinch   of   fennel   that   should   go   into   the   sauce   for
  mackerel。
  Toffana;      who    in  Italy   supplied     poison    to   wives    aweary     of   their
  husbands   and   to   ladies   beginning   to   find   their   lovers   inconvenient;   and
  who   thus   at   second   hand   murdered   some   six   hundred   persons;   has   her
  attractions for the criminological writer。              The bother is that so many  of
  them   have   found   it   out。     The   scanty   material   regarding   her   has   been
  turned over so often that it has become somewhat tattered; and has worn
  rather thin for refashioning。          The same may be said for Hieronyma Spara;
  a direct poisoner and Toffana's contemporary。
  The fashion they set passed to the Marquise de Brinvilliers; and she;
  with   La Vigoureux   and   La Voisin;  has   been   written   up so   often that   the
  task of finding something new to say of her and her associates looks far
  too formidable for a man as lethargic as myself。
  In   the   abundance      of   material    that  criminal     history   provides     about
  women   choice   becomes   difficult。           There   is;   for   example;   a   plethora   of
  women       poisoners。     Wherever        a  woman      alone   turns   to  murder     it  is  a
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  hundred to one that she will select poison as a medium。               This at first sight
  may seem a curious fact; but there is for it a perfectly logical explanation;
  upon   which   I   hope   later   to   touch   briefly。  The   concern   of   this   book;
  however; is not purely with murder by women; though murder will bulk
  largely。    Swindling will be dealt with; and casual allusion made to other
  crimes。
  But take for the moment the women accused or convicted of poisoning。
  What   an   array   they   make!      What   monsters   of   iniquity   many   of   them
  appear!     Perhaps the record; apart from those set up by Toffana and the
  Brinvilliers contingent; is held by the Van der Linden woman of Leyden;
  who     between     1869    and   1885    attempted     to  dispose    of  102    persons;
  succeeded with no less than twenty…seven; and rendered at least forty…five
  seriously ill。     Then comes Helene Jegado; of France; who; according to
  one account; with two more working years (eighteen instead of sixteen);
  contrived to envenom twenty…six people; and attempted the lives of twelve
  more。     On this calculation she fails by one to reach the der Linden record;
  but; even reckoning the two extra years she had to work in; since she made
  only a third of the other's essays; her bowling average may be said to be
  incomparably better。
  Our own Mary Ann Cotton; at work between 1852 and 1873; comes in
  third;   with   twenty…four   deaths;   at   least   known;   as   her   bag。 Mary  Ann
  operated on a system of her own; and many of her victims were her own
  children。     She   is   well   worth   the   lengthier   consideration   which   will   be
  given her in later pages。
  Anna   Zwanziger;   the   earlier   ‘monster'   of   Bavaria;   arrested   in   1809;
  was an amateur compared with those three。
  Mrs Susannah Holroyd; of Ashton…under…Lyne; charged in September
  of   1816    at  the  Lancashire    Assizes    with   the  murder     by   poison   of  her
  husband; her own son; and the infant child of Anna Newton; a lodger of
  hers; was nurse to illegitimate children。           She was generally suspected of
  having murdered several of her charges; but no evidence; as far as I can
  learn;   was   brought   forward   to   give   weight   to   the   suspicion   at   her   trial。
  Then     there   were    Mesdames       Flanagan     and   Higgins;    found    guilty;  at
  Liverpool      Assizes    in  February     1884;   of   poisoning     Thomas     Higgins;
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  husband   of   the   latter   of   the   accused;   by   the   administration   of   arsenic。
  The ladies   were sisters; living   together in   Liverpool。           With them  in   the
  house   in   Skirvington   Street   were   Flanagan's   son   John;   Thomas   Higgins
  and his daughter Mary; Patrick Jennings and his daughter Margaret。
  John     Flanagan     died   in   December       1880。     His    mother     drew    the
  insurance money。         Next year Thomas Higgins married the younger of the
  sisters; and in the year following Mary Higgins; his daughter; died。                    Her
  stepmother       drew   the   insurance    money。      The    year   after  that   Margaret
  Jennings; daughter of the lodger; died。            Once again insurance money was
  drawn; this time by both sisters。
  Thomas Higgins passed away that same year in a house to which what
  remained   of   the   menage   had   removed。         He   was   on   the   point   of   being
  buried; as having died of dysentery due to alcoholism; when the suspicions
  of his brother led the coroner to stop the funeral。              The brother had heard
  word   of   insurance   on   the   life   of   Thomas。   A  post…mortem   revealed   the
  fact   that   Thomas     had   actually   died   of   arsenic   poisoning;     upon   which
  discovery      the  bodies    of  John    Flanagan;     Mary    Higgins;    and    Margaret
  Jennings were exhumed for autopsy; which revealed arsenic poisoning in
  each   case。     The   prisoners   alone   had   attended   the   deceased   in   the   last
  illnesses。    Theory went that the poison had been obtained by soaking fly…
  papers。     Mesdames        Flanagan     and   Higgins     were   executed     at  Kirkdale
  Gaol in March of 1884。
  Now;     these   are  two    cases   which;    if  only   minor    in  the  wholesale
  poisoning   line     when    compared   with      the  Van    der  Linden;    Jegado;    and
  Cotton envenomings; yet have their points of interest。                 In both cases the
  guilty were so far able to banish ‘‘all trivial fond records'' as to dispose of
  kindred who might have been dear to them:                Mrs Holroyd of husband and
  son; with lodger's daughter as makeweight; the Liverpool pair of nephew;
  husband; stepdaughter (or son; brother…in…law; and stepniece; according to
  how   you   look   at    it);   with   again   the  unfortunate   daughter   of   a   lodger
  thrown      in。   If   they    ‘‘do   things   better   on    the  Continent''speaking
  generally   and   ignoring   our   own   Mary   Annthere   is   yet   temptation   to
  examine the lesser native products at length; but space and the scheme of
  this   book   prevent。    In   the   matter   of   the   Liverpool   Locustas   there   is   an
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  engaging   speculation。        It   was   brought   to   my   notice   by   Mr Alan   Brock;
  author of By Misadventure and Further Evidence。