anged　all　that。　　Not　merely　was　Andrew　Fuller　ever　on　the　watch　with　pen　and　voice；　but　all　the　churches　were　roused；　the　Established　to　send　out　bishops　and　chaplains；　the　Nonconformist　and　Established　Evangelicals　together　to　secure　freedom　for　missionaries　and　schoolmasters。　　In　1793　an　English　missionary　was　an　unknown　and　therefore　a　much…dreaded　monster；　for　Carey　was　then　on　the　sea。　　In　1813　Carey　and　the　Serampore　Brotherhood　were　still　the　only　English　missionaries　continuously　at　work　in　India；　and　not　the　churches　only；　but　governor…generals　like　Teignmouth　and　Wellesley；　and　scholars　like　Colebrooke　and　H。　H。　Wilson；　were　familiar　with　the　grandeur　and　political　innocency　of　their　labours。　　Hence　this　outburst　of　Wilberforce　in　the　House　of　Commons　on　the　16th　July　1813；　when　he　used　the　name　of　Carey　to　defeat　an　attempt　of　the　Company　to　prevent　toleration　by　omitting　the　declaratory　clauses　of　the　Resolution；　which　would　have　made　it　imply　that　the　privilege　should　never　be　exerted　though　the　power　of　licensing　missionaries　was　nominally　conceded。
  〃One　great　argument　of　his　opponents　was　grounded　on　the　enthusiastic　character　which　they　imputed　to　the　missionary　body。　India　hitherto　has　seen　no　missionary　who　was　a　member　of　the　English　Church；　and　imputations　could　be　cast　more　readily　on　'Anabaptists　and　fanatics。'　　These　attacks　Mr。　Wilberforce　indignantly　refuted；　and　well　had　the　noble　conduct　of　the　band　at　Serampore　deserved　this　vindication。　'I　do　not　know；'　he　often　said；　'a　finer　instance　of　the　moral　sublime；　than　that　a　poor　cobbler　working　in　his　stall　should　conceive　the　idea　of　converting　the　Hindoos　to　Christianity；　yet　such　was　Dr。　Carey。　　Why　Milton's　planning　his　Paradise　Lost　in　his　old　age　and　blindness　was　nothing　to　it。　　And　then　when　he　had　gone　to　India；　and　was　appointed　by　Lord　Wellesley　to　a　lucrative　and　honourable　station　in　the　college　of　Fort　William；　with　equal　nobleness　of　mind　he　made　over　all　his　salary　（between　？000　and　？500　per　annum）　to　the　general　objects　of　the　mission。　　By　the　way；　nothing　ever　gave　me　a　more　lively　sense　of　the　low　and　mercenary　standard　of　your　men　of　honour；　than　the　manifest　effect　produced　upon　the　House　of　Commons　by　my　stating　this　last　circumstance。　　It　seemed　to　be　the　only　thing　which　moved　them。'　　Dr。　Carey　had　been　especially　attacked；　and　'a　few　days　afterwards　the　member　who　had　made　this　charge　came　to　me；　and　asked　me　in　a　manner　which　in　a　noted　duellist　could　not　be　mistaken；　〃Pray；　Mr。　Wilberforce；　do　you　know　a　Mr。　Andrew　Fuller；　who　has　written　to　desire　me　to　retract　the　statement　which　I　made　with　reference　to　Dr。　Carey？〃　〃Yes；〃　I　answered　with　a　smile；　〃I　know　him　perfectly；　but　depend　upon　it　you　will　make　nothing　of　him　in　your　way；　he　is　a　respectable　Baptist　minister　at　Kettering。〃　　In　due　time　there　came　from　India　an　authoritative　contradiction　of　the　slander。　　It　was　sent　to　me；　and　for　two　whole　years　did　I　take　it　in　my　pocket　to　the　House　of　Commons　to　read　it　to　the　House　whenever　the　author　of　the　accusation　should　be　present；　but　during　that　whole　time　he　never　once　dared　show　himself　in　the　House。'〃
  The　slanderer　was　a　Mr。　Prendergast；　who　affirmed　that　Dr。　Carey's　conduct　had　changed　so　much　for　the　worse　since　the　departure　of　Lord　Wellesley；　that　he　himself　had　seen　the　missionary　on　a　tub　in　the　streets　of　Calcutta　haranguing　the　mob　and　abusing　the　religion　of　the　people　in　such　a　way　that　the　police　alone　saved　him　from　being　killed。　　So；　and　for　the　same　object　of　defeating　the　Resolutions　on　Toleration；　Mr。　Montgomerie　Campbell　had　asserted　that　when　Schwartz　was　in　the　heat　of　his　discourse　in　a　certain　village　and　had　taken　off　his　stock；　〃that　and　his　gold　buckle　were　stolen　by　one　of　his　virtuous　and　enlightened　congregation；　in　such　a　description　of　natives　did　the　doctrine　of　the　missionaries　operate。〃　　Before　Dr。　Carey's　exposure　could　reach　England　this　〃tub〃　story　became　the　stock　argument　of　the　anti…christian　orators。　The　Madras　barrister；　Marsh；　who　was　put　up　to　answer　Wilberforce；　was　driven　to　such　language　as　this：
  〃Your　struggles　are　only　begun　when　you　have　converted　one　caste；　never　will　the　scheme　of　Hindoo　conversion　be　realised　till　you　persuade　an　immense　population　to　suffer　by　whole　tribes　the　severest　martyrdom　that　has　yet　been　sustained　for　the　sake　of　religionand　are　the　missionaries　whom　this　bill　will　let　loose　on　India　fit　engines　for　the　accomplishment　of　this　great　revolution？　Will　these　people；　crawling　from　the　holes　and　caverns　of　their　original　destinations；　apostates　from　the　loom　and　the　anvilhe　should　have　said　the　awland　renegades　from　the　lowest　handicraft　employments；　be　a　match　for　the　cool　and　sedate　controversies　they　will　have　to　encounter　should　the　Brahmans　condescend　to　enter　into　the　arena　against　the　maimed　and　crippled　gladiators　that　presume　to　grapple　with　their　faith？　　What　can　be　apprehended　but　the　disgrace　and　discomfiture　of　whole　hosts　of　tub　preachers　in　the　conflict？〃
  Lord　Wellesley's　eulogy　of　the　Serampore　mission　in　the　House　of　Lords　was　much　more　pronounced　than　appears　from　the　imperfect　report。　　But　even　in　that　he　answered　the　Brahmanised　member　of　the　House　of　Commons　thus：
  〃With　regard　to　the　missionaries；　he　must　say　that　while　he　was　in　India　he　never　knew　of　any　danger　arising　from　their　proceedings；　neither　had　he　heard　of　any　impression　produced　by　them　in　the　way　of　conversion。　　The　greater　number　of　them　were　in　the　Danish　settlement　of　Serampore；　but　he　never　heard　of　any　convulsions　or　any　alarm　produced　by　them。　　Some　of　them；　particularly　Mr。　Carey；　were　very　learned　men；　and　had　been　employed　in　the　College　of　Fort　William。　　He　had　always　considered　the　missionaries　who　were　in　India　in　his　time　a　quiet；　orderly；　discreet；　and　learned　body；　and　he　had　employed　them　in　the　education　of　youth　and　the　translation　of　the　Scriptures　into　the　eastern　languages。　　He　had　thought　it　his　duty　to　have　the　Sacred　Scriptures　translated　into　the　languages　of　the　East；　and　to　give　the　learned　natives　employed　in　the　translation　the　advantage　of　access　to　the　sacred　fountain　of　divine　truth。　　He　thought　a　Christian　governor　could　not　have　done　less；　and　he　knew　that　a　British　governor　ought　not　to　do　more。〃
  Carey's　letters　to　Fuller　in　1810…12　are　filled　with　importunate　appeals　to　agitate；　so　that　the　new　charter　might　legalise　Christian　mission　work　in　India。　　Fuller　worked　outside　of　the　House　as　hard　as　Wilberforce。　　In　eight　weeks　of　the　session　no　fewer　than　nine　hundred　petitions　were　presented；　in　twenties　and　thirties；　night　after　night；　till　Lord　Castlereagh　exclaimed；　〃This　is　enough；　Mr。　Fuller。〃　　There　was　more　reason　for　Carey's　urgency　than　he　knew　at　the　time　he　was　pressing　Fuller。　　The　persecution　of　the　missionaries　in　Bengal；　excused　by　the　Vellore　mutiny；　which　had　driven　Judson　to　Burma　and　several　other　missionaries　elsewhere；　was　renewed　by　the　Indian　Government's　secretaries　and　police。　　The　Ministry　had　informed　the　Court　of　Directors　that　they　had　resolved　to　permit　Europeans　to　settle　in　India；　yet　after　five　weeks'　vacillation　the　Governor…General　yielded　to　his　subordinates　so　far　as　to　issue　an　order　on　5th　March　1812；　for　the　expulsion　of　three　missionaries；　an　order　which　was　so　executed　that　one　of　them　was　conducted　like　a　felon　through　the　streets　and　lodged　in　the　native　jail　for　two　hours。　　Carey　thus　wrote　to　Ryland　on　the　persecution：
  〃CALCUTTA；　14th　April　1813。Before　this　reaches　you　it　is　probable　that　you　will　have　heard　of　the　resolution　of　Government　respecting　our　brethren　Johns；　Lawson；　and　Robinson；　and　will　perhaps　have　even　seen　Brother　Johns；　who　was　by　that　cruel　order　sent　home　on　the　Castlereagh。　　Government　have　agreed　that　Brother　Lawson　shall　stay　till　the　pleasure　of　the　Court　of　Directors　is　known；　to　whom　a　reference　will　be　made。　　Brother　Robinson　was　gone　down　the　river；　and　was　on　board　a　ship　bound　to　Java　when　the　order　was　issued；　he　therefore　got　out　without　hearing　of　it；　but　I　understand　it　will　be　sent　thither　after　him。　　Jehovah　reigneth！
  〃Since　Brother　Johns's　departure　I　have　tried　to　ascertain　the　cause　of　the　severity　in　Government。　　I　had　a　long　conversation　with　H。　T。　Colebrooke；　Esq。；　who　has　been　out　of　Council　but　a　few　months；　upon　the　matter。　　I　cannot　learn　that　Government　has　any　specific　dislike　to　us；　but　find　that　ever　since　the　year　1807　the　orders　of　the　Court　of　Directors　to　send　home　all　Europeans　not　in　the　service　of　Her　Majesty　or　the　Company；　and　who　come　out　without　leave　of　the　Directors；　have　been　so　peremptory　and　express　that　Government　cannot　now　overlook　any　circumstance　which　brings　such　persons　to　notice。　　Notwithstanding　the　general　way　in　which　the　Court　of　Directors　have　worded　their　orders；　I　cannot　help　putting　several　circumstances　together；　which　make　me　fear　that　our　Mission　was　the　cause　of　the　enforcement　of　that　general　law　which　forbids　Europeans　to　remain　in　India　without　the　leave　of　the　Court　of　Directors。
  〃Whether　Twining's　pamphlet　excited　the　alarm；　or　was　only　an　echo　of　the　minds　of　a　number　of　men　hostile　to　religion；　I　cannot　say；　but　if　I　recollect　dates　aright　the　orders　of　the　Court　of　Directors　ca