ll　it　fails　to　give　any　just　idea　of　the　destruction　of　parents　by　children　in　the　name　of　religion。
  One　class　who　had　been　the　special　objects　of　Christ's　healing　power　and　divine　sympathy　was　specially　interesting　to　Carey　in　proportion　to　their　misery　and　abandonment　by　their　own　peoplelepers。　　When　at　Cutwa　in　1812；　where　his　son　was　stationed　as　missionary；　he　saw　the　burning　of　a　leper；　which　he　thus　described：〃A　pit　about　ten　cubits　in　depth　was　dug　and　a　fire　placed　at　the　bottom　of　it。　　The　poor　man　rolled　himself　into　it；　but　instantly；　on　feeling　the　fire；　begged　to　be　taken　out；　and　struggled　hard　for　that　purpose。　　His　mother　and　sister；　however；　thrust　him　in　again；　and　thus　a　man；　who　to　all　appearance　might　have　survived　several　years；　was　cruelly　burned　to　death。　　I　find　that　the　practice　is　not　uncommon　in　these　parts。　　Taught　that　a　violent　end　purifies　the　body　and　ensures　transmigration　into　a　healthy　new　existence；　while　natural　death　by　disease　results　in　four　successive　births；　and　a　fifth　as　a　leper　again；　the　leper；　like　the　even　more　wretched　widow；　has　always　courted　suicide。〃　　Carey　did　not　rest　until　he　had　brought　about　the　establishment　of　a　leper　hospital　in　Calcutta；　near　what　became　the　centre　of　the　Church　Missionary　Society's　work；　and　there　benevolent　physicians；　like　the　late　Dr。　Kenneth　Stuart；　and　Christian　people；　have　made　it　possible　to　record；　as　in　Christ's　days；　that　the　leper　is　cleansed　and　the　poor　have　the　Gospel　preached　to　them。
  By　none　of　the　many　young　civilians　whom　he　trained；　or；　in　the　later　years　of　his　life；　examined；　was　Carey's　humane　work　on　all　its　sides　more　persistently　carried　out　than　by　John　Lawrence　in　the　Punjab。　　When　their　new　ruler　first　visited　their　district；　the　Bedi　clan　amazed　him　by　petitioning　for　leave　to　destroy　their　infant　daughters。　　In　wrath　he　briefly　told　them　he　would　hang　every　man　found　guilty　of　such　murder。　　When　settling　the　land　revenue　of　the　Cis…Sutlej　districts　he　caused　each　farmer；　as　he　touched　the　pen　in　acceptance　of　the　assessment；　to　recite　this　formula
  〃Bewa　mat　jal醥；　　　　　Beti　mat　m醨o；　　　　　Korhi　mat　dabao〃
  （〃Thou　shalt　not　burn　thy　widow；　thou　shalt　not　kill　thy　daughters；　thou　shalt　not　bury　thy　lepers。〃）
  》From　the　hour　of　Carey's　conversion　he　never　omitted　to　remember　in　prayer　the　slave　as　well　as　the　heathen。　　The　same　period　which　saw　his　foundation　of　modern　missions　witnessed　the　earliest　efforts　of　his　contemporary；　Thomas　Clarkson　of　Wisbeach；　in　the　neighbouring　county　of　Cambridge；　to　free　the　slave。　　But　Clarkson；　Granville　Sharp；　and　their　associates　were　so　occupied　with　Africa　that　they　knew　not　that　Great　Britain　was　responsible　for　the　existence　of　at　least　nine　millions　of　slaves　in　India；　many　of　them　brought　by　Hindoo　merchants　as　well　as　Arabs　from　Eastern　Africa　to　fill　the　hareems　of　Mohammedans；　and　do　domestic　service　in　the　zananas　of　Hindoos。　　The　startling　fact　came　to　be　known　only　slowly　towards　the　end　of　Carey's　career；　when　his　prayers；　continued　daily　from　1779；　were　answered　in　the　freedom　of　all　our　West　India　slaves。　The　East　India　answer　came　after　he　had　passed　away；　in　Act　V。　of　1843；　which　for　ever　abolished　the　legal　status　of　slavery　in　India。　The　Penal　Code　has　since　placed　the　pr鎑ial　slave　in　such　a　position　that　if　he　is　not　free　it　is　his　own　fault。　　It　is　penal　in　India　to　hold　a　slave　〃against　his　will；〃　and　we　trust　the　time　is　not　far　distant　when　the　last　three　words　may　be　struck　out。
  With　true　instinct　Christopher　Anderson；　in　his　Annals　of　the　English　Bible；　associates　Carey；　Clarkson；　and　Cowper；　as　the　triumvirate　who；　unknown　to　each　other；　began　the　great　moral　changes；　in　the　Church；　in　society；　and　in　literature；　which　mark　the　difference　between　the　eighteenth　and　the　nineteenth　centuries。　Little　did　Carey　think；　as　he　studied　under　Sutcliff　within　sight　of　the　poet's　house；　that　Cowper　was　writing　at　that　very　time　these　lines　in　The　Task　while　he　himself　was　praying　for　the　highest　of　all　kinds　of　liberty　to　be　given　to　the　heathen　and　the　slaves；　Christ's　freedom　which　had　up　till　then　remained
  〃。。。unsung　　By　poets；　and　by　senators　unpraised；　　Which　monarchs　cannot　grant；　nor　all　the　powers　　Of　earth　and　hell　confederate　take　away；　　A　liberty　which　persecution；　fraud；　　Oppression；　prisons；　have　no　power　to　bind：　　Which　whoso　tastes　can　be　enslaved　no　more。〃
  CHAPTER　XII
  WHAT　CAREY　DID　FOR　SCIENCEFOUNDER　OF　THE　AGRICULTURAL　AND　HORTICULTURAL　SOCIETY　OF　INDIA
  Carey's　relation　to　science　and　economicsState　of　the　peasantryCarey　a　careful　scientific　observerSpecially　a　botanistBecomes　the　friend　of　Dr。　Roxburgh　of　the　Company's　Botanic　GardenOrders　seeds　and　instruments　of　husbandryAll　his　researches　subordinate　to　his　spiritual　missionHis　eminence　as　a　botanist　acknowledged　in　the　history　of　the　scienceHis　own　botanic　garden　and　park　at　SeramporeThe　poet　Montgomery　on　the　daisies　thereBorneoCarey's　paper　in　the　Asiatic　Researches　on　the　state　of　agriculture　in　BengalThe　first　to　advocate　Forestry　in　IndiaFounds　the　Agri…Horticultural　Society　of　IndiaIssues　queries　on　agriculture　and　horticultureRemarkable　results　of　his　actionOn　the　manufacture　of　paperHis　expanded　address　on　agricultural　reformHis　political　foresight　on　the　importance　of　European　capital　and　the　future　of　IndiaAn　official　estimate　of　the　results　in　the　present　dayOn　the　usury　of　the　natives　and　savings　banksHis　academic　and　scientific　honoursDestruction　of　his　house　and　garden　by　the　Damoodar　flood　of　1823Report　on　the　Horticultural　Society's　gardenThe　Society　honours　its　founder。
  Not　only　was　the　first　Englishman；　who　in　modern　times　became　a　missionary；　sent　to　India　when　he　desired　to　go　to　Tahiti　or　West　Africa；　and　sent　to　Bengal　from　which　all　Northern　India　was　to　be　brought　under　British　rule；　and　to　Calcuttawith　a　safe　asylum　at　Danish　Seramporethen　the　metropolis　and　centre　of　all　Southern　Asia；　but　he　was　sent　at　the　very　time　when　the　life　of　the　people　could　best　be　purified　and　elevated　on　its　many　sides；　and　he　was　specially　fitted　to　influence　each　of　these　sides　save　one。　　An　ambassador　for　Christ　above　all　things　like　Paul；　but；　also　like　him；　becoming　all　things　to　all　men　that　he　might　win　some　to　the　higher　life；　Carey　was　successively；　and　often　at　the　same　time；　a　captain　of　labour；　a　schoolmaster；　a　printer；　the　developer　of　the　vernacular　speech；　the　expounder　of　the　classical　language；　the　translator　of　both　into　English　and　of　the　English　Bible　into　both；　the　founder　of　a　pure　literature；　the　purifier　of　society；　the　watchful　philanthropist；　the　saviour　of　the　widow　and　the　fatherless；　of　the　despairing　and　the　would…be　suicide；　of　the　downtrodden　and　oppressed。　　We　have　now　to　see　him　on　the　scientific　or　the　physical　and　economic　side；　while　he　still　jealously　keeps　his　strength　for　the　one　motive　power　of　all；　the　spiritual；　and　with　almost　equal　care　avoids　the　political　or　administrative　as　his　Master　did。　　But　even　then　it　was　his　aim　to　proclaim　the　divine　principles　which　would　use　science　and　politics　alike　to　bring　nations　to　the　birth；　while；　like　the　apostles；　leaving　the　application　of　these　principles　to　the　course　of　God's　providence　and　the　consciences　of　men。　　In　what　he　did　for　science；　for　literature；　and　for　humanity；　as　in　what　he　abstained　from　doing　in　the　practical　region　of　public　life；　the　first　English　missionary　was　an　example　to　all　of　every　race　who　have　followed　him　in　the　past　century。　　From　Carey　to　Livingstone；　alike　in　Asia　and　Africa；　the　greatest　Christian　evangelists　have　been　those　who　have　made　science　and　literature　the　handmaids　of　missions。
  Apart　from　the　extreme　south　of　the　peninsula　of　India；　where　the　Danish　missionaries　had　explored　with　hawk's　eyes；　almost　nothing　was　known　of　its　plants　and　animals；　its　men；　as　well　as　its　beasts；　when　Carey　found　himself　in　a　rural　district　of　North　Bengal　in　the　closing　decade　of　the　eighteenth　century。　　Nor　had　any　writer；　official　or　missionary；　anywhere　realised　the　state　of　India　and　the　needs　of　the　Hindoo　and　Mohammedan　cultivators　as　flowing　from　the　relation　of　the　people　to　the　soil。　　India　was　in　truth　a　land　of　millions　of　peasant　proprietors　on　five…acre　farms；　rack…rented　or　plundered　by　powerful　middlemen；　both　squeezed　or　literally　tortured　by　the　Government　of　the　day；　and　driven　to　depend　on　the　usurer　for　even　the　seed　for　each　crop。　　War　and　famine　had　alternated　in　keeping　down　the　population。　　Ignorance　and　fear　had　blunted　the　natural　shrewdness　of　the　cultivator。　　A　foul　mythology；　a　saddening　demon…worship；　and　an　exacting　social　system；　covered　the　land　as　with　a　pall。　　What　even　Christendom　was　fast　becoming　in　the　tenth　century；　India　had　been　all　through　the　eighteen　Christian　centuries。
  The　boy　who　from　eight　to　fourteen　〃chose　to　read　books　of　science；　history；　voyages；　etc。；　more　than　others〃；　the　youth　whose　gardener　uncle　would　have　had　him　follow　that　calling；　but　whose　sensitive　skin　kept　him　within　doors；　where　he　fitted　up　a　room　with　his　botanical　and　zoological　museum；　the　shoemaker…preacher　who　made　a　garden　around　every　cottage…manse　in　which　he　lived；　and　was　familiar　with　e