rt　those　poor　salvages　to　know　Christ　and　humanity；　whose　labours　and　discretion　will　triply　requite　any　charge　and　pain。〃
  〃Then　who　would　live　at　home　idly；〃　he　exhorts　his　countrymen；　〃or　think　in　himself　any　worth　to　live；　only　to　eat；　drink　and　sleep；　and　so　die；　or　by　consuming　that　carelessly　his　friends　got　worthily；　or　by　using　that　miserably　that　maintained　virtue　honestly；　or　for　being　descended　nobly；　or　pine　with　the　vain　vaunt　of　great　kindred　in　penury；　or　to　maintain　a　silly　show　of　bravery；　toil　out　thy　heart；　soul　and　time　basely；　by　shifts；　tricks；　cards　and　dice；　or　by　relating　news　of　other　men's　actions；　sharke　here　and　there　for　a　dinner　or　supper；　deceive　thy　friends　by　fair　promises　and　dissimulations；　in　borrowing　when　thou　never　meanest　to　pay；　offend　the　laws；　surfeit　with　excess；　burden　thy　country；　abuse　thyself；　despair　in　want；　and　then　cozen　thy　kindred；　yea；　even　thy　own　brother；　and　wish　thy　parent's　death　（I　will　not　say　damnation）；　to　have　their　estates；　though　thou　seest　what　honors　and　rewards　the　world　yet　hath　for　them　that　will　seek　them　and　worthily　deserve　them。〃
  〃I　would　be　sorry　to　offend；　or　that　any　should　mistake　my　honest　meaning：　for　I　wish　good　to　all；　hurt　to　none；　but　rich　men　for　the　most　part　are　grown　to　that　dotage　through　their　pride　in　their　wealth；　as　though　there　were　no　accident　could　end　it　or　their　life。〃
  〃And　what　hellish　care　do　such　take　to　make　it　their　own　misery　and　their　countrie's　spoil；　especially　when　there　is　such　need　of　their　employment；　drawing　by　all　manner　of　inventions　from　the　Prince　and　his　honest　subjects；　even　the　vital　spirits　of　their　powers　and　estates；　as　if　their　bags　or　brags　were　so　powerful　a　defense；　the　malicious　could　not　assault　them；　when　they　are　the　only　bait　to　cause　us　not　only　to　be　assaulted；　but　betrayed　and　smothered　in　our　own　security　ere　we　will　prevent　it。〃
  And　he　adds　this　good　advice　to　those　who　maintain　their　children　in　wantonness　till　they　grow　to　be　the　masters：　〃Let　this　lamentable　example　＇the　ruin　of　Constantinople＇　remember　you　that　are　rich　（seeing　there　are　such　great　thieves　in　the　world　to　rob　you）　not　grudge　to　lend　some　proportion　to　breed　them　that　have　little；　yet　willing　to　learn　how　to　defend　you；　for　it　is　too　late　when　the　deed　is　done。〃
  No　motive　of　action　did　Smith　omit　in　his　importunity；　for　〃Religion　above　all　things　should　move　us；　especially　the　clergy；　if　we　are　religious。〃　　〃　Honor　might　move　the　gentry；　the　valiant　and　industrious；　and　the　hope　and　assurance　of　wealth　all；　if　we　were　that　we　would　seem　and　be　accounted；　or　be　we　so　far　inferior　to　other　nations；　or　our　spirits　so　far　dejected　from　our　ancient　predecessors；　or　our　minds　so　upon　spoil；　piracy　and　such　villainy；　as　to　serve　the　Portugall；　Spaniard；　Dutch；　French　or　Turke　（as　to　the　cost　of　Europe　too　many　do）；　rather　than　our　own　God；　our　king；　our　country；　and　ourselves；　excusing　our　idleness　and　our　base　complaints　by　want　of　employment；　when　here　is　such　choice　of　all　sorts；　and　for　all　degrees；　in　the　planting　and　discovering　these　North　parts　of　America。〃
  It　was　all　in　vain　so　far　as　Smith's　fortunes　were　concerned。　　The　planting　and　subjection　of　New　England　went　on；　and　Smith　had　no　part　in　it　except　to　describe　it。　　The　Brownists；　the　Anabaptists；　the　Papists；　the　Puritans；　the　Separatists；　and　〃such　factious　Humorists；〃　were　taking　possession　of　the　land　that　Smith　claimed　to　have　〃discovered；〃　and　in　which　he　had　no　foothold。　　Failing　to　get　employment　anywhere；　he　petitioned　the　Virginia　Company　for　a　reward　out　of　the　treasury　in　London　or　the　profits　in　Virginia。
  At　one　of　the　hot　discussions　in　1623　preceding　the　dissolution　of　the　Virginia　Company　by　the　revocation　of　their　charter；　Smith　was　present；　and　said　that　he　hoped　for　his　time　spent　in　Virginia　he　should　receive　that　year　a　good　quantity　of　tobacco。　　The　charter　was　revoked　in　1624　after　many　violent　scenes；　and　King　James　was　glad　to　be　rid　of　what　he　called　〃a　seminary　for　a　seditious　parliament。〃　The　company　had　made　use　of　lotteries　to　raise　funds；　and　upon　their　disuse；　in　1621；　Smith　proposed　to　the　company　to　compile　for　its　benefit　a　general　history。　　This　he　did；　but　it　does　not　appear　that　the　company　took　any　action　on　his　proposal。　　At　one　time　he　had　been　named；　with　three　others；　as　a　fit　person　for　secretary；　on　the　removal　of　Mr。　Pory；　but　as　only　three　could　be　balloted　for；　his　name　was　left　out。　　He　was；　however；　commended　as　entirely　competent。
  After　the　dissolution　of　the　companies；　and　the　granting　of　new　letters…patent　to　a　company　of　some　twenty　noblemen；　there　seems　to　have　been　a　project　for　dividing　up　the　country　by　lot。　　Smith　says：　〃All　this　they　divided　in　twenty　parts；　for　which　they　cast　lots；　but　no　lot　for　me　but　Smith's　Isles；　which　are　a　many　of　barren　rocks；　the　most　overgrown　with　shrubs；　and　sharp　whins；　you　can　hardly　pass　them；　without　either　grass　or　wood；　but　three　or　four　short　shrubby　old　cedars。〃
  The　plan　was　not　carried　out；　and　Smith　never　became　lord　of　even　these　barren　rocks；　the　Isles　of　Shoals。　　That　he　visited　them　when　he　sailed　along　the　coast　is　probable；　though　he　never　speaks　of　doing　so。　　In　the　Virginia　waters　he　had　left　a　cluster　of　islands　bearing　his　name　also。
  In　the　Captain's　〃True　Travels；〃　published　in　1630；　is　a　summary　of　the　condition　of　colonization　in　New　England　from　Smith's　voyage　thence　till　the　settlement　of　Plymouth　in　1620；　which　makes　an　appropriate　close　to　our　review　of　this　period：
  〃When　I　first　went　to　the　North　part　of　Virginia；　where　the　Westerly　Colony　had　been　planted；　it　had　dissolved　itself　within　a　year；　and　there　was　not　one　Christian　in　all　the　land。　　I　was　set　forth　at　the　sole　charge　of　four　merchants　of　London；　the　Country　being　then　reputed　by　your　westerlings　a　most　rocky；　barren；　desolate　desart；　but　the　good　return　I　brought　from　thence；　with　the　maps　and　relations　of　the　Country；　which　I　made　so　manifest；　some　of　them　did　believe　me；　and　they　were　well　embraced；　both　by　the　Londoners；　and　Westerlings；　for　whom　I　had　promised　to　undertake　it；　thinking　to　have　joyned　them　all　together；　but　that　might　well　have　been　a　work　for　Hercules。　　Betwixt　them　long　there　was　much　contention：　the　Londoners　indeed　went　bravely　forward：　but　in　three　or　four　years　I　and　my　friends　consumed　many　hundred　pounds　amongst　the　Plimothians；　who　only　fed　me　but　with　delays；　promises；　and　excuses；　but　no　performance　of　anything　to　any　purpose。　　In　the　interim；　many　particular　ships　went　thither；　and　finding　my　relations　true；　and　that　I　had　not　taken　that　I　brought　home　from　the　French　men；　as　had　been　reported：　yet　further　for　my　pains　to　discredit　me；　and　my　calling　it　New　England；　they　obscured　it；　and　shadowed　it；　with　the　title　of　Canada；　till　at　my　humble　suit；　it　pleased　our　most　Royal　King　Charles；　whom　God　long　keep；　bless　and　preserve；　then　Prince　of　Wales；　to　confirm　it　with　my　map　and　book；　by　the　title　of　New　England；　the　gain　thence　returning　did　make　the　fame　thereof　so　increase　that　thirty；　forty　or　fifty　sail　went　yearly　only　to　trade　and　fish；　but　nothing　would　be　done　for　a　plantation；　till　about　some　hundred　of　your　Brownists　of　England；　Amsterdam　and　Leyden　went　to　New　Plimouth；　whose　humorous　ignorances；　caused　them　for　more　than　a　year；　to　endure　a　wonderful　deal　of　misery；　with　an　infinite　patience；　saying　my　books　and　maps　were　much　better　cheap　to　teach　them　than　myself：　many　others　have　used　the　like　good　husbandry　that　have　payed　soundly　in　trying　their　self…willed　conclusions；　but　those　in　time　doing　well；　diverse　others　have　in　small　handfulls　undertaken　to　go　there；　to　be　several　Lords　and　Kings　of　themselves；　but　most　vanished　to　nothing。〃
  XIX
  WRITINGS…LATER　YEARS
  If　Smith　had　not　been　an　author；　his　exploits　would　have　occupied　a　small　space　in　the　literature　of　his　times。　　But　by　his　unwearied　narrations　he　impressed　his　image　in　gigantic　features　on　our　plastic　continent。　　If　he　had　been　silent；　he　would　have　had　something　less　than　justice；　as　it　is；　he　has　been　permitted　to　greatly　exaggerate　his　relations　to　the　New　World。　　It　is　only　by　noting　the　comparative　silence　of　his　contemporaries　and　by　winnowing　his　own　statements　that　we　can　appreciate　his　true　position。
  For　twenty　years　he　was　a　voluminous　writer；　working　off　his　superfluous　energy　in　setting　forth　his　adventures　in　new　forms。　Most　of　his　writings　are　repetitions　and　recastings　of　the　old　material；　with　such　reflections　as　occur　to　him　from　time　to　time。　He　seldom　writes　a　book；　or　a　tract；　without　beginning　it　or　working　into　it　a　resume　of　his　life。　　The　only　exception　to　this　is　his　〃Sea　Grammar。〃　　In　1626　he　published　〃An　Accidence　or　the　Pathway　to　Experience；　necessary　to　all　Young　Seamen；〃　and　in　1627　〃A　Sea　Grammar；　with　the　plain　Exposition　of　Smith's　Accidence　for　Young　Seamen；　enlarged。〃　　This　is　a　technical　work；　and　strictly　confined　to　the　building；　rigging；　and　managing　of　a　ship。　　He　was　also　engaged　at　the　time　of　his　death　upon　a　〃History　of　the　Sea；〃　which　never　saw　the　light。　　He　was　evidently　fond　of　the　sea；　and　we　may　say　the　title　of　Admiral　came　naturally　to　him；　since　he　used　it　in　the　title…page　to　his　〃De