第 28 节
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北方网 更新:2021-02-24 22:10 字数:9322
the qualities he showed。
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CHAPTER XIII。
MAGNUS THE BLIND; HARALD GYLLE; AND MUTUAL
EXTINCTION OF THE HAARFAGRS。
On Sigurd the Crusader's death; Magnus naturally came to the throne;
Gylle keeping silence and a cheerful face for the time。 But it was not long
till claim arose on Gylle's part; till war and fight arose between Magnus
and him; till the skilful; popular; ever…active and shifty Gylle had entirely
beaten Magnus; put out his eyes; mutilated the poor body of him in a
horrid and unnamable manner; and shut him up in a convent as out of the
game henceforth。 There in his dark misery Magnus lived now as a monk;
called 〃Magnus the Blind〃 by those Norse populations; King Harald Gylle
reigning victoriously in his stead。 But this also was only for a time。 There
arose avenging kinsfolk of Magnus; who had no Irish accent in their Norse;
and were themselves eager enough to bear rule in their native country。 By
one of these;a terribly stronghanded; fighting; violent; and regardless
fellow; who also was a Bastard of Magnus Barefoot's; and had been made
a Priest; but liked it unbearably ill; and had broken loose from it into the
wildest courses at home and abroad; so that his current name got to be
〃Slembi…diakn;〃 Slim or Ill Deacon; under which he is much noised of in
Snorro and the Sagas: by this Slim…Deacon; Gylle was put an end to
(murdered by night; drunk in his sleep); and poor blind Magnus was
brought out; and again set to act as King; or King's Cloak; in hopes Gylle's
posterity would never rise to victory more。 But Gylle's posterity did; to
victory and also to defeat; and were the death of Magnus and of Slim…
Deacon too; in a frightful way; and all got their own death by and by in a
ditto。 In brief; these two kindreds (reckoned to be authentic enough
Haarfagr people; both kinds of them) proved now to have become a
veritable crop of dragon's teeth; who mutually fought; plotted; struggled;
as if it had been their life's business; never ended fighting and seldom long
intermitted it; till they had exterminated one another; and did at last all rest
in death。 One of these later Gylle temporary Kings I remember by the
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name of Harald Herdebred; Harald of the Broad Shoulders。 The very last
of them I think was Harald Mund (Harald of the _Wry…Mouth_); who gave
rise to two Impostors; pretending to be Sons of his; a good while after the
poor Wry…Mouth itself and all its troublesome belongings were quietly
underground。 What Norway suffered during that sad century may be
imagined。
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EARLY KINGS OF NORWAY。
CHAPTER XIV。
SVERRIR AND DESCENDANTS; TO HAKON THE OLD。
The end of it was; or rather the first abatement; and _beginnings_ of
the end; That; when all this had gone on ever worsening for some forty
years or so; one Sverrir (A。D。 1177); at the head of an armed mob of poor
people called _Birkebeins_; came upon the scene。 A strange enough figure
in History; this Sverrir and his Birkebeins! At first a mere mockery and
dismal laughing…stock to the enlightened Norway public。 Nevertheless by
unheard…of fighting; hungering; exertion; and endurance; Sverrir; after ten
years of such a death…wrestle against men and things; got himself accepted
as King; and by wonderful expenditure of ingenuity; common cunning;
unctuous Parliamentary Eloquence or almost Popular Preaching; and (it
must be owned) general human faculty and valor (or value) in the over…
clouded and distorted state; did victoriously continue such。 And founded a
new Dynasty in Norway; which ended only with Norway's separate
existence; after near three hundred years。
This Sverrir called himself a Son of Harald Wry…Mouth; but was in
reality the son of a poor Comb…maker in some little town of Norway;
nothing heard of Sonship to Wry…Mouth till after good success otherwise。
His Birkebeins (that is to say; _Birchlegs;_ the poor rebellious wretches
having taken to the woods; and been obliged; besides their intolerable
scarcity of food; to thatch their bodies from the cold with whatever
covering could be got; and their legs especially with birch bark; sad
species of fleecy hosiery; whence their nickname);his Birkebeins I guess
always to have been a kind of Norse _Jacquerie_: desperate rising of
thralls and indigent people; driven mad by their unendurable sufferings
and famishings;theirs the _deepest_ stratum of misery; and the densest
and heaviest; in this the general misery of Norway; which had lasted
towards the third generation and looked as if it would last forever:
whereupon they had risen proclaiming; in this furious dumb manner;
unintelligible except to Heaven; that the same could not; nor would not; be
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endured any longer! And; by their Sverrir; strange to say; they did attain a
kind of permanent success; and; from being a dismal laughing…stock in
Norway; came to be important; and for a time all…important there。 Their
opposition nicknames; 〃_Baglers_ (from Bagall; _baculus_; bishop's staff;
Bishop Nicholas being chief Leader);〃 〃_Gold…legs_;〃 and the like obscure
terms (for there was still a considerable course of counter…fighting ahead;
and especially of counter…nicknaming); I take to have meant in Norse
prefigurement seven centuries ago; 〃bloated Aristocracy;〃 〃tyrannous…
_Bourgeoisie_;〃till; in the next century; these rents were closed again!
King Sverrir; not himself bred to comb…making; had; in his fifth year;
gone to an uncle; Bishop in the Faroe Islands; and got some considerable
education from him; with a view to Priesthood on the part of Sverrir。 But;
not liking that career; Sverrir had fled and smuggled himself over to the
Birkebeins; who; noticing the learned tongue; and other miraculous
qualities of the man; proposed to make him Captain of them; and even
threatened to kill him if he would not accept;which thus at the sword's
point; as Sverrir says; he was obliged to do。 It was after this that he
thought of becoming son of Wry…Mouth and other higher things。
His Birkebeins and he had certainly a talent of campaigning which has
hardly ever been equalled。 They fought like devils against any odds of
number; and before battle they have been known to march six days
together without food; except; perhaps; the inner barks of trees; and in
such clothing and shoeing as mere birch bark:at one time; somewhere in
the Dovrefjeld; there was serious counsel held among them whether they
should not all; as one man; leap down into the frozen gulfs and precipices;
or at once massacre one another wholly; and so finish。 Of their conduct in
battle; fiercer than that of _Baresarks_; where was there ever seen the
parallel? In truth they are a dim strange object to one; in that black time;
wondrously bringing light into it withal; and proved to be; under such
unexpected circumstances; the beginning of better days!
Of Sverrir's public speeches there still exist authentic specimens;
wonderful indeed; and much characteristic of such a Sverrir。 A comb…
maker King; evidently meaning several good and solid things; and
effecting them too; athwart such an element of Norwegian chaos…come…
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again。 His descendants and successors were a comparat