第 28 节
作者:北方网      更新:2021-02-24 22:10      字数:9322
  the qualities he showed。
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  EARLY KINGS OF NORWAY。
  CHAPTER XIII。
  MAGNUS THE BLIND; HARALD GYLLE; AND MUTUAL
  EXTINCTION OF THE HAARFAGRS。
  On Sigurd the Crusader's death; Magnus naturally came to the throne;
  Gylle keeping silence and a cheerful face for the time。 But it was not long
  till claim arose on Gylle's part; till war and fight arose between Magnus
  and him; till the skilful; popular; ever…active and shifty Gylle had entirely
  beaten   Magnus;   put   out   his   eyes;   mutilated   the   poor   body   of   him   in   a
  horrid and unnamable manner; and shut him up in a convent as out of the
  game henceforth。 There in his dark misery Magnus lived now as a monk;
  called 〃Magnus the Blind〃 by those Norse populations; King Harald Gylle
  reigning victoriously in his stead。 But this also was only for a time。 There
  arose avenging kinsfolk of Magnus; who had no Irish accent in their Norse;
  and were themselves eager enough to bear rule in their native country。 By
  one   of   these;a   terribly   stronghanded;   fighting;   violent;   and   regardless
  fellow; who also was a Bastard of Magnus Barefoot's; and had been made
  a Priest; but liked it unbearably ill; and had broken loose from it into the
  wildest   courses   at   home   and   abroad;   so   that   his   current   name   got   to   be
  〃Slembi…diakn;〃 Slim or Ill Deacon; under which he is much noised of in
  Snorro   and   the   Sagas:   by   this   Slim…Deacon;   Gylle   was   put   an   end   to
  (murdered   by   night;   drunk   in     his   sleep);   and   poor   blind   Magnus   was
  brought out; and again set to act as King; or King's Cloak; in hopes Gylle's
  posterity   would   never   rise   to   victory   more。   But   Gylle's   posterity   did;   to
  victory   and   also   to   defeat;   and   were   the   death   of   Magnus   and   of   Slim…
  Deacon too; in a frightful way; and all got their own death by and by in a
  ditto。   In  brief;   these   two   kindreds    (reckoned     to  be   authentic   enough
  Haarfagr     people;    both   kinds   of  them)    proved    now    to  have   become     a
  veritable crop of dragon's teeth; who mutually fought; plotted; struggled;
  as if it had been their life's business; never ended fighting and seldom long
  intermitted it; till they had exterminated one another; and did at last all rest
  in   death。   One   of   these   later   Gylle   temporary   Kings   I   remember   by   the
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  name of Harald Herdebred; Harald of the Broad Shoulders。 The very last
  of them I think was Harald Mund (Harald of the _Wry…Mouth_); who gave
  rise to two Impostors; pretending to be Sons of his; a good while after the
  poor   Wry…Mouth   itself   and   all   its   troublesome   belongings   were   quietly
  underground。      What    Norway     suffered   during    that  sad  century   may    be
  imagined。
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  EARLY KINGS OF NORWAY。
  CHAPTER XIV。
  SVERRIR AND DESCENDANTS; TO HAKON THE OLD。
  The end of it was; or rather the first abatement; and _beginnings_ of
  the end; That;  when   all   this had gone on   ever   worsening   for some   forty
  years or so; one Sverrir (A。D。 1177); at the head of an armed mob of poor
  people called _Birkebeins_; came upon the scene。 A strange enough figure
  in   History;  this   Sverrir and   his Birkebeins! At   first   a   mere   mockery  and
  dismal laughing…stock to the enlightened Norway public。 Nevertheless by
  unheard…of fighting; hungering; exertion; and endurance; Sverrir; after ten
  years of such a death…wrestle against men and things; got himself accepted
  as   King;   and   by   wonderful   expenditure   of   ingenuity;   common   cunning;
  unctuous   Parliamentary   Eloquence   or   almost   Popular   Preaching;   and   (it
  must be owned) general human faculty and valor (or value) in the over…
  clouded and distorted state; did victoriously continue such。 And founded a
  new     Dynasty     in  Norway;     which     ended    only   with   Norway's      separate
  existence; after near three hundred years。
  This   Sverrir   called   himself   a   Son   of   Harald   Wry…Mouth;   but   was   in
  reality   the   son   of   a   poor   Comb…maker   in   some   little   town   of   Norway;
  nothing heard of Sonship to Wry…Mouth till after good success otherwise。
  His   Birkebeins   (that is   to say;  _Birchlegs;_   the  poor  rebellious   wretches
  having   taken   to   the   woods;   and   been   obliged;   besides   their   intolerable
  scarcity    of  food;    to  thatch   their  bodies    from   the   cold   with   whatever
  covering     could    be  got;   and   their  legs  especially   with    birch   bark;   sad
  species of fleecy hosiery; whence their nickname);his Birkebeins I guess
  always   to   have   been   a   kind   of   Norse   _Jacquerie_:   desperate   rising   of
  thralls   and   indigent   people;   driven   mad   by   their   unendurable   sufferings
  and   famishings;theirs   the _deepest_   stratum  of   misery;  and   the   densest
  and   heaviest;   in   this   the   general   misery   of   Norway;   which   had   lasted
  towards     the   third  generation    and   looked    as  if  it  would   last  forever:
  whereupon       they   had   risen   proclaiming;     in  this  furious   dumb     manner;
  unintelligible except to Heaven; that the same could not; nor would not; be
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  endured any longer! And; by their Sverrir; strange to say; they did attain a
  kind   of   permanent   success;   and;   from   being   a   dismal   laughing…stock   in
  Norway;   came   to   be   important;  and   for   a   time   all…important   there。 Their
  opposition nicknames; 〃_Baglers_ (from Bagall; _baculus_; bishop's staff;
  Bishop Nicholas being chief Leader);〃 〃_Gold…legs_;〃 and the like obscure
  terms (for there was still a considerable course of counter…fighting ahead;
  and   especially   of   counter…nicknaming);   I   take   to   have   meant   in   Norse
  prefigurement        seven    centuries     ago;   〃bloated     Aristocracy;〃      〃tyrannous…
  _Bourgeoisie_;〃till; in the next century; these rents were closed again!
  King Sverrir; not himself bred to comb…making; had; in his fifth year;
  gone to an uncle; Bishop in the Faroe Islands; and got some considerable
  education from him; with a view to Priesthood on the part of Sverrir。 But;
  not liking that career; Sverrir had fled and smuggled himself over to the
  Birkebeins;       who;    noticing     the   learned     tongue;    and    other    miraculous
  qualities   of   the   man;   proposed   to   make   him   Captain   of   them;   and   even
  threatened to kill him if he would not accept;which thus at the sword's
  point;   as   Sverrir   says;   he   was   obliged   to   do。   It   was   after   this   that   he
  thought of becoming son of Wry…Mouth and other higher things。
  His Birkebeins and he had certainly a talent of campaigning which has
  hardly   ever   been   equalled。   They   fought   like   devils   against   any   odds   of
  number;       and   before    battle   they   have    been    known     to   march    six   days
  together   without   food;   except;   perhaps;   the   inner   barks   of   trees;   and   in
  such clothing and shoeing as mere birch bark:at one time; somewhere in
  the Dovrefjeld; there was serious counsel held among them whether they
  should not all; as one man; leap down into the frozen gulfs and precipices;
  or at once massacre one another wholly; and so finish。 Of their conduct in
  battle;   fiercer   than   that   of   _Baresarks_;   where   was   there   ever   seen   the
  parallel? In truth they are a dim strange object to one; in that black time;
  wondrously   bringing   light   into   it   withal;   and   proved   to   be;   under   such
  unexpected circumstances; the beginning of better days!
  Of    Sverrir's    public    speeches     there   still  exist   authentic     specimens;
  wonderful   indeed;   and   much   characteristic   of   such   a   Sverrir。   A   comb…
  maker      King;    evidently     meaning       several    good    and    solid   things;    and
  effecting   them   too;   athwart   such   an   element   of   Norwegian   chaos…come…
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  again。   His   descendants   and   successors   were   a   comparat