第 15 节
作者:北方网      更新:2021-02-24 22:10      字数:9279
  man; grinned sardonically at the sight。 〃Hah; I see thou hast no mind to
  take commands from me; thou art of too high a humor to take commands。〃
  To which; says Snorro; Boy Olaf answered little except by laughing; till
  Sigurd saddled for himself; and rode away。 His   mother Aasta appears to
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  have   been     a   thoughtful;   prudent      woman;      though   always      with   a  fierce
  royalism at the bottom of her memory; and a secret implacability on that
  head。
  At the age of twelve Olaf went to sea; furnished with a little fleet; and
  skilful sea…counsellor; expert old Rane; by his Foster…father; and set out to
  push   his   fortune   in   the   world。   Rane   was   a   steersman   and   counsellor   in
  these incipient times; but the crew always called Olaf 〃King;〃 though at
  first;   as   Snorro   thinks;   except   it   were   in   the   hour   of   battle;   he   merely
  pulled   an   oar。   He   cruised   and   fought   in   this   capacity  on   many  seas   and
  shores; passed several years; perhaps till the age of nineteen or twenty; in
  this   wild    element     and   way    of  life;  fighting    always     in  a  glorious    and
  distinguished   manner。   In   the   hour   of   battle;   diligent   enough   〃to   amass
  property;〃   as   the   Vikings   termed   it;   and   in   the   long   days   and   nights   of
  sailing; given over; it is likely; to his own thoughts and the unfathomable
  dialogue   with   the   ever…moaning   Sea;   not   the   worst   High   School   a   man
  could   have;   and   indeed   infinitely   preferable   to   the   most   that   are   going
  even now; for a high and deep young soul。
  His first distinguished expedition was to Sweden: natural to go thither
  first; to avenge his poor father's death; were it nothing more。 Which he did;
  the    Skalds     say;   in   a   distinguished      manner;      making      victorious     and
  handsome battle for himself; in entering Maelare Lake; and in getting out
  of    it  again;   after   being     frozen    there   all   winter;   showing      still  more
  surprising; almost miraculous contrivance and dexterity。 This was the first
  of his glorious victories; of which the Skalds reckon up some fourteen or
  thirteen     very    glorious     indeed;    mostly     in   the   Western     and    Southern
  countries; most of all in England; till the name of Olaf Haraldson became
  quite famous in the Viking and strategic world。 He seems really to have
  learned the secrets of his trade; and to have been; then and afterwards; for
  vigilance;   contrivance;   valor;   and   promptitude   of   execution;   a   superior
  fighter。 Several exploits recorded of him betoken; in simple forms; what
  may be called a military genius。
  The principal; and to us the alone interesting; of his exploits seem to
  have   lain   in   England;   and;   what   is   further   notable;   always   on   the   anti…
  Svein side。 English books do not mention him at all that I can find; but it
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  is fairly credible that; as the Norse records report; in the end of Ethelred's
  reign; he was the ally or hired general of Ethelred; and did a great deal of
  sea…fighting;   watching;   sailing;   and   sieging   for   this   miserable   king   and
  Edmund Ironside; his son。 Snorro says expressly; London; the impregnable
  city;   had   to   be  besieged     again    for  Ethelred's    behoof    (in   the  interval
  between Svein's death and young Knut's getting back from Denmark); and
  that   our   Olaf   Haraldson   was   the   great   engineer  and   victorious   captor   of
  London on that singular occasion;London captured for the first time。 The
  Bridge;   as   usual;   Snorro   says;   offered   almost   insuperable   obstacles。   But
  the engineering genius of Olaf contrived huge 〃platforms of wainscoting
  'old walls of wooden houses; in fact'; bound together by withes;〃 these;
  carried    steadily    aloft  above    the   ships;   will  (thinks    Olaf)   considerably
  secure them and us from the destructive missiles; big boulder stones; and
  other;   mischief   profusely   showered   down   on   us;   till   we   get   under   the
  Bridge with axes and cables; and do some good upon it。 Olaf's plan was
  tried;   most   of   the   other   ships;   in   spite   of   their   wainscoting   and   withes;
  recoiled on reaching the Bridge; so destructive were the boulder and other
  missile showers。 But Olaf's ships and self got actually under the Bridge;
  fixed all manner of cables there; and then; with the river current in their
  favor;   and   the   frightened   ships   rallying   to   help   in   this   safer   part   of   the
  enterprise; tore out the important piles and props; and fairly broke the poor
  Bridge; wholly or partly; down into the river; and its Danish defenders into
  immediate surrender。 That is Snorro's account。
  On a previous occasion; Olaf had been deep in a hopeful combination
  with   Ethelred's   two   younger   sons;  Alfred   and   Edward;   afterwards   King
  Edward the Confessor: That they two should sally out from Normandy in
  strong   force;   unite   with   Olaf   in   ditto;   and;   landing   on   the   Thames;   do
  something effectual for themselves。 But impediments; bad weather or the
  like; disheartened the poor Princes; and it came to nothing。 Olaf was much
  in Normandy; what they then called Walland; a man held in honor by those
  Norman Dukes。
  What amount of 〃property〃 he had amassed I do not know; but could
  prove;     were   it  necessary;    that  he   had   acquired     some    tactical   or  even
  strategic faculty and real talent for war。 At Lymfjord; in Jutland; but some
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  years   after    this   (A。D。    1027);   he   had    a  sea…battle   with    the   great   Knut
  himself;ships combined with flood…gates; with roaring; artificial deluges;
  right well managed by King Olaf; which were within a hair's…breadth of
  destroying   Knut;   now   become   a   King   and   Great;   and   did   in   effect   send
  him instantly running。 But of this more particularly by and by。
  What      still  more    surprises    me    is  the   mystery;     where    Olaf;    in  this
  wandering; fighting; sea…roving life; acquired his deeply religious feeling;
  his   intense   adherence   to   the   Christian   Faith。   I   suppose   it   had   been   in
  England;   where   many   pious   persons;   priestly   and   other;   were   still   to   be
  met   with;   that   Olaf   had   gathered   these   doctrines;   and   that   in   those   his
  unfathomable   dialogues   with   the   ever…moaning   Ocean;   they   had   struck
  root downwards in the soul of him; and borne fruit upwards to the degree
  so   conspicuous   afterwards。   It   is   certain   he   became   a   deeply   pious   man
  during     these    long   Viking     cruises;    and   directed    all  his   strength;    when
  strength and authority were lent him; to establishing the Christian religion
  in   his   country;   and   suppressing   and   abolishing   Vikingism   there;   both   of
  which objects; and their respective worth and unworth; he; must himself
  have long known so well。
  It   was   well   on   in   A。D。   1016   that   Knut   gained   his   last   victory;   at
  Ashdon; in Essex; where the earth pyramids and antique church near by
  still   testify   the   thankful   piety   of   Knut;or;   at   lowest   his   joy   at   having
  _won_ instead of lost and perished; as he was near doing there。 And it was
  still   this   same     year   when      the   noble    Edmund       Ironside;     after   forced
  partition…treaty   〃in   the   Isle   of   Alney;〃   got   scandalously   murdered;   and
  Knut   became   indisputable   sole   King   of   England;   and   decisively   settled
  himself to his work of governing there。 In the year before either of which
  events;   while      all   still  hung  uncertain     for   Knut;   and    even    Eric   Jarl  of
  Norway   had   to   be   summoned   in   aid   of   him;   in   that   year   1015;   as   one
  might naturally guess and as all Icelandic hints and indications lead us to
  date the thing; Olaf had decided to give up Vikingism in all its forms; to
  return to Norway; and try whether he could not assert the place and career
  that belonged to him there。 Jarl Eric had vanished with all his war forces
  towards England; leaving only a boy; Hakon; as successor; and Svein; his
  own brother;a quiet man; who had always avoided war。 Olaf landed in