第 15 节
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北方网 更新:2021-02-24 22:10 字数:9279
man; grinned sardonically at the sight。 〃Hah; I see thou hast no mind to
take commands from me; thou art of too high a humor to take commands。〃
To which; says Snorro; Boy Olaf answered little except by laughing; till
Sigurd saddled for himself; and rode away。 His mother Aasta appears to
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have been a thoughtful; prudent woman; though always with a fierce
royalism at the bottom of her memory; and a secret implacability on that
head。
At the age of twelve Olaf went to sea; furnished with a little fleet; and
skilful sea…counsellor; expert old Rane; by his Foster…father; and set out to
push his fortune in the world。 Rane was a steersman and counsellor in
these incipient times; but the crew always called Olaf 〃King;〃 though at
first; as Snorro thinks; except it were in the hour of battle; he merely
pulled an oar。 He cruised and fought in this capacity on many seas and
shores; passed several years; perhaps till the age of nineteen or twenty; in
this wild element and way of life; fighting always in a glorious and
distinguished manner。 In the hour of battle; diligent enough 〃to amass
property;〃 as the Vikings termed it; and in the long days and nights of
sailing; given over; it is likely; to his own thoughts and the unfathomable
dialogue with the ever…moaning Sea; not the worst High School a man
could have; and indeed infinitely preferable to the most that are going
even now; for a high and deep young soul。
His first distinguished expedition was to Sweden: natural to go thither
first; to avenge his poor father's death; were it nothing more。 Which he did;
the Skalds say; in a distinguished manner; making victorious and
handsome battle for himself; in entering Maelare Lake; and in getting out
of it again; after being frozen there all winter; showing still more
surprising; almost miraculous contrivance and dexterity。 This was the first
of his glorious victories; of which the Skalds reckon up some fourteen or
thirteen very glorious indeed; mostly in the Western and Southern
countries; most of all in England; till the name of Olaf Haraldson became
quite famous in the Viking and strategic world。 He seems really to have
learned the secrets of his trade; and to have been; then and afterwards; for
vigilance; contrivance; valor; and promptitude of execution; a superior
fighter。 Several exploits recorded of him betoken; in simple forms; what
may be called a military genius。
The principal; and to us the alone interesting; of his exploits seem to
have lain in England; and; what is further notable; always on the anti…
Svein side。 English books do not mention him at all that I can find; but it
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is fairly credible that; as the Norse records report; in the end of Ethelred's
reign; he was the ally or hired general of Ethelred; and did a great deal of
sea…fighting; watching; sailing; and sieging for this miserable king and
Edmund Ironside; his son。 Snorro says expressly; London; the impregnable
city; had to be besieged again for Ethelred's behoof (in the interval
between Svein's death and young Knut's getting back from Denmark); and
that our Olaf Haraldson was the great engineer and victorious captor of
London on that singular occasion;London captured for the first time。 The
Bridge; as usual; Snorro says; offered almost insuperable obstacles。 But
the engineering genius of Olaf contrived huge 〃platforms of wainscoting
'old walls of wooden houses; in fact'; bound together by withes;〃 these;
carried steadily aloft above the ships; will (thinks Olaf) considerably
secure them and us from the destructive missiles; big boulder stones; and
other; mischief profusely showered down on us; till we get under the
Bridge with axes and cables; and do some good upon it。 Olaf's plan was
tried; most of the other ships; in spite of their wainscoting and withes;
recoiled on reaching the Bridge; so destructive were the boulder and other
missile showers。 But Olaf's ships and self got actually under the Bridge;
fixed all manner of cables there; and then; with the river current in their
favor; and the frightened ships rallying to help in this safer part of the
enterprise; tore out the important piles and props; and fairly broke the poor
Bridge; wholly or partly; down into the river; and its Danish defenders into
immediate surrender。 That is Snorro's account。
On a previous occasion; Olaf had been deep in a hopeful combination
with Ethelred's two younger sons; Alfred and Edward; afterwards King
Edward the Confessor: That they two should sally out from Normandy in
strong force; unite with Olaf in ditto; and; landing on the Thames; do
something effectual for themselves。 But impediments; bad weather or the
like; disheartened the poor Princes; and it came to nothing。 Olaf was much
in Normandy; what they then called Walland; a man held in honor by those
Norman Dukes。
What amount of 〃property〃 he had amassed I do not know; but could
prove; were it necessary; that he had acquired some tactical or even
strategic faculty and real talent for war。 At Lymfjord; in Jutland; but some
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years after this (A。D。 1027); he had a sea…battle with the great Knut
himself;ships combined with flood…gates; with roaring; artificial deluges;
right well managed by King Olaf; which were within a hair's…breadth of
destroying Knut; now become a King and Great; and did in effect send
him instantly running。 But of this more particularly by and by。
What still more surprises me is the mystery; where Olaf; in this
wandering; fighting; sea…roving life; acquired his deeply religious feeling;
his intense adherence to the Christian Faith。 I suppose it had been in
England; where many pious persons; priestly and other; were still to be
met with; that Olaf had gathered these doctrines; and that in those his
unfathomable dialogues with the ever…moaning Ocean; they had struck
root downwards in the soul of him; and borne fruit upwards to the degree
so conspicuous afterwards。 It is certain he became a deeply pious man
during these long Viking cruises; and directed all his strength; when
strength and authority were lent him; to establishing the Christian religion
in his country; and suppressing and abolishing Vikingism there; both of
which objects; and their respective worth and unworth; he; must himself
have long known so well。
It was well on in A。D。 1016 that Knut gained his last victory; at
Ashdon; in Essex; where the earth pyramids and antique church near by
still testify the thankful piety of Knut;or; at lowest his joy at having
_won_ instead of lost and perished; as he was near doing there。 And it was
still this same year when the noble Edmund Ironside; after forced
partition…treaty 〃in the Isle of Alney;〃 got scandalously murdered; and
Knut became indisputable sole King of England; and decisively settled
himself to his work of governing there。 In the year before either of which
events; while all still hung uncertain for Knut; and even Eric Jarl of
Norway had to be summoned in aid of him; in that year 1015; as one
might naturally guess and as all Icelandic hints and indications lead us to
date the thing; Olaf had decided to give up Vikingism in all its forms; to
return to Norway; and try whether he could not assert the place and career
that belonged to him there。 Jarl Eric had vanished with all his war forces
towards England; leaving only a boy; Hakon; as successor; and Svein; his
own brother;a quiet man; who had always avoided war。 Olaf landed in