第 3 节
作者:
北方网 更新:2021-02-24 22:10 字数:9322
〃Thou hast taken him on thy knee 'common symbol of adoption'; thou
canst kill him if thou wilt; but thou dost not thereby kill all the sons of
Harald。〃 Athelstan straightway took milder thoughts; brought up; and
carefully educated Hakon; from whom; and this singular adventure; came;
before very long; the first tidings of Christianity into Norway。
Harald Haarfagr; latterly withdrawn from all kinds of business; died at
the age of eighty…threeabout A。D。 933; as is computed; nearly
contemporary in death with the first Danish King; Gorm the Old; who had
done a corresponding feat in reducing Denmark under one head。
Remarkable old men; these two first kings; and possessed of gifts for
bringing Chaos a little nearer to the form of Cosmos; possessed; in fact; of
loyalties to Cosmos; that is to say; of authentic virtues in the savage state;
such as have been needed in all societies at their incipience in this world; a
kind of 〃virtues〃 hugely in discredit at present; but not unlikely to be
9
… Page 10…
EARLY KINGS OF NORWAY。
needed again; to the astonishment of careless persons; before all is done!
10
… Page 11…
EARLY KINGS OF NORWAY。
CHAPTER III
HAKON THE GOOD。
Eric Blood…axe; whose practical reign is counted to have begun about
A。D。 930; had by this time; or within a year or so of this time; pretty much
extinguished all his brother kings; and crushed down recalcitrant spirits; in
his violent way; but had naturally become entirely unpopular in Norway;
and filled it with silent discontent and even rage against him。 Hakon
Fairhair's last son; the little foster…child of Athelstan in England; who had
been baptized and carefully educated; was come to his fourteenth or
fifteenth year at his father's death; a very shining youth; as Athelstan saw
with just pleasure。 So soon as the few preliminary preparations had been
settled; Hakon; furnished with a ship or two by Athelstan; suddenly
appeared in Norway got acknowledged by the Peasant Thing in Trondhjem
〃the news of which flew over Norway; like fire through dried grass;〃 says
an old chronicler。 So that Eric; with his Queen Gunhild; and seven small
children; had to run; no other shift for Eric。 They went to the Orkneys first
of all; then to England; and he 〃got Northumberland as earldom;〃 I
vaguely hear; from Athelstan。 But Eric soon died; and his queen; with her
children; went back to the Orkneys in search of refuge or help; to little
purpose there or elsewhere。 From Orkney she went to Denmark; where
Harald Blue…tooth took her poor eldest boy as foster…child; but I fear did
not very faithfully keep that promise。 The Danes had been robbing
extensively during the late tumults in Norway; this the Christian Hakon;
now established there; paid in kind; and the two countries were at war; so
that Gunhild's little boy was a welcome card in the hand of Blue…tooth。
Hakon proved a brilliant and successful king; regulated many things;
public law among others (_Gule…Thing_ Law; _Frost…Thing_ Law: these
are little codes of his accepted by their respective Things; and had a
salutary effect in their time); with prompt dexterity he drove back the
Blue…tooth foster…son invasions every time they came; and on the whole
11
… Page 12…
EARLY KINGS OF NORWAY。
gained for himself the name of Hakon the Good。 These Danish invasions
were a frequent source of trouble to him; but his greatest and continual
trouble was that of extirpating heathen idolatry from Norway; and
introducing the Christian Evangel in its stead。 His transcendent anxiety to
achieve this salutary enterprise was all along his grand difficulty and
stumbling…block; the heathen opposition to it being also rooted and great。
Bishops and priests from England Hakon had; preaching and baptizing
what they could; but making only slow progress; much too slow for
Hakon's zeal。 On the other hand; every Yule…tide; when the chief heathen
were assembled in his own palace on their grand sacrificial festival; there
was great pressure put upon Hakon; as to sprinkling with horse…blood;
drinking Yule…beer; eating horse…flesh; and the other distressing rites; the
whole of which Hakon abhorred; and with all his steadfastness strove to
reject utterly。 Sigurd; Jarl of Lade (Trondhjem); a liberal heathen; not
openly a Christian; was ever a wise counsellor and conciliator in such
affairs; and proved of great help to Hakon。 Once; for example; there
having risen at a Yule…feast; loud; almost stormful demand that Hakon;
like a true man and brother; should drink Yule…beer with them in their
sacred hightide; Sigurd persuaded him to comply; for peace's sake; at least;
in form。 Hakon took the cup in his left hand (excellent hot _beer_); and
with his right cut the sign of the cross above it; then drank a draught。 〃Yes;
but what is this with the king's right hand?〃 cried the company。 〃Don't you
see?〃 answered shifty Sigurd; 〃he makes the sign of Thor's hammer before
drinking!〃 which quenched the matter for the time。
Horse…flesh; horse…broth; and the horse ingredient generally; Hakon all
but inexorably declined。 By Sigurd's pressing exhortation and entreaty; he
did once take a kettle of horsebroth by the handle; with a good deal of
linen…quilt or towel interposed; and did open his lips for what of steam
could insinuate itself。 At another time he consented to a particle of horse…
liver; intending privately; I guess; to keep it outside the gullet; and
smuggle it away without swallowing; but farther than this not even Sigurd
could persuade him to go。 At the Things held in regard to this matter
Hakon's success was always incomplete; now and then it was plain failure;
and Hakon had to draw back till a better time。 Here is one specimen of the
12
… Page 13…
EARLY KINGS OF NORWAY。
response he got on such an occasion; curious specimen; withal; of antique
parliamentary eloquence from an Anti…Christian Thing。
At a Thing of all the Fylkes of Trondhjem; Thing held at Froste in that
region; King Hakon; with all the eloquence he had; signified that it was
imperatively necessary that all Bonders and sub…Bonders should become
Christians; and believe in one God; Christ the Son of Mary; renouncing
entirely blood sacrifices and heathen idols; should keep every seventh day
holy; abstain from labor that day; and even from food; devoting the day to
fasting and sacred meditation。 Whereupon; by way of universal answer;
arose a confused universal murmur of entire dissent。 〃Take away from us
our old belief; and also our time for labor!〃 murmured they in angry
astonishment; 〃how can even the land be got tilled in that way?〃 〃We
cannot work if we don't get food;〃 said the hand laborers and slaves。 〃It
lies in King Hakon's blood;〃 remarked others; 〃his father and all his
kindred were apt to be stingy about food; though liberal enough with
money。〃 At length; one Osbjorn (or Bear of the Asen or Gods; what we
now call Osborne); one Osbjorn of Medalhusin Gulathal; stept forward;
and said; in a distinct manner; 〃We Bonders (peasant proprietors)thought;
King Hakon; when thou heldest thy first Thing…day here in Trondhjem;
and we took thee for our king; and received our hereditary lands from thee
again that we had got heaven itself。 But now we know not how it is;
whether we have won freedom; or whether thou intendest anew to make us
slaves; with this wonderful proposal that we should renounce our faith;
which our fathers before us have held; and all our ancestors as wel