第 1 节
作者:
漂亮格子 更新:2021-02-24 22:06 字数:9322
A JOURNAL OF THE PLAGUE YEAR
by DANIEL DEFOE
Part 1
being observations or memorials
of the most remarkable occurrences;
as well public as private; which happened in
London during the last great visitation in 1665。
Written by a Citizen who continued
all the while in London。
Never made public before
It was about the beginning of September; 1664; that I; among the rest
of my neighbours; heard in ordinary discourse that the plague was
returned again in Holland; for it had been very violent there; and
particularly at Amsterdam and Rotterdam; in the year 1663; whither;
they say; it was brought; some said from Italy; others from the Levant;
among some goods which were brought home by their Turkey fleet;
others said it was brought from Candia; others from Cyprus。 It
mattered not from whence it came; but all agreed it was come into
Holland again。
We had no such thing as printed newspapers in those days to spread
rumours and reports of things; and to improve them by the invention
of men; as I have lived to see practised since。 But such things as these
were gathered from the letters of merchants and others who
corresponded abroad; and from them was handed about by word of
mouth only; so that things did not spread instantly over the whole
nation; as they do now。 But it seems that the Government had a true
account of it; and several councils were held about ways to prevent its
coming over; but all was kept very private。 Hence it was that this
rumour died off again; and people began to forget it as a thing we
were very little concerned in; and that we hoped was not true; till the
latter end of November or the beginning of December 1664 when two
men; said to be Frenchmen; died of the plague in Long Acre; or rather
at the upper end of Drury Lane。 The family they were in endeavoured
to conceal it as much as possible; but as it had gotten some vent in the
discourse of the neighbourhood; the Secretaries of State got
knowledge of it; and concerning themselves to inquire about it; in
order to be certain of the truth; two physicians and a surgeon were
ordered to go to the house and make inspection。 This they did; and
finding evident tokens of the sickness upon both the bodies that were
dead; they gave their opinions publicly that they died of the plague。
Whereupon it was given in to the parish clerk; and he also returned
them to the Hall; and it was printed in the weekly bill of mortality in
the usual manner; thus …
Plague; 2。 Parishes infected; 1。
The people showed a great concern at this; and began to be alarmed
all over the town; and the more; because in the last week in December
1664 another man died in the same house; and of the same distemper。
And then we were easy again for about six weeks; when none having
died with any marks of infection; it was said the distemper was gone;
but after that; I think it was about the 12th of February; another died in
another house; but in the same parish and in the same manner。
This turned the people's eyes pretty much towards that end of the
town; and the weekly bills showing an increase of burials in St Giles's
parish more than usual; it began to be suspected that the plague was
among the people at that end of the town; and that many had died of it;
though they had taken care to keep it as much from the knowledge of the
public as possible。 This possessed the heads of the people very much;
and few cared to go through Drury Lane; or the other streets suspected;
unless they had extraordinary business that obliged them to it
This increase of the bills stood thus: the usual number of burials in a
week; in the parishes of St Giles…in…the…Fields and St Andrew's;
Holborn; were from twelve to seventeen or nineteen each; few more
or less; but from the time that the plague first began in St Giles's
parish; it was observed that the ordinary burials increased in number
considerably。 For example: …
From December 27 to January 3 { St Giles's 16
{ St Andrew's 17
〃 January 3 〃 〃 10 { St Giles's 12
{ St Andrew's 25
〃 January 10 〃 〃 17 { St Giles's 18
{ St Andrew's 28
〃 January 17 〃 〃 24 { St Giles's 23
{ St Andrew's 16
〃 January 24 〃 〃 31 { St Giles's 24
{ St Andrew's 15
〃 January 30 〃 February 7 { St Giles's 21
{ St Andrew's 23
〃 February 7 〃 〃 14 { St Giles's 24
Whereof one of the plague。
The like increase of the bills was observed in the parishes of St
Bride's; adjoining on one side of Holborn parish; and in the parish of
St James; Clerkenwell; adjoining on the other side of Holborn; in both
which parishes the usual numbers that died weekly were from four to
six or eight; whereas at that time they were increased as follows: …
From December 20 to December 27 { St Bride's 0
{ St James's 8
December 27 to January 3 { St Bride's 6
{ St James's 9
〃 January 3 〃 〃 10 { St Bride's 11
{ St James's 7
〃 January 10 〃 〃 17 { St Bride's 12
{ St James's 9
〃 January 17 〃 〃 24 { St Bride's 9
{ St James's 15
〃 January 24 〃 〃 31 { St Bride's 8
{ St James's 12
〃 January 31 〃 February 7 { St Bride's 13
{ St James's 5
〃 February 7 〃 〃 14 { St Bride's 12
{ St James's 6
Besides this; it was observed with great uneasiness by the people that
the weekly bills in general increased very much during these weeks;
although it was at a time of the year when usually the bills are very
moderate。
The usual number of burials within the bills of mortality for a week
was from about 240 or thereabouts to 300。 The last was esteemed a
pretty high bill; but after this we found the bills successively
increasing as follows: …
Buried。 Increased。
December the 20th to the 27th 291 。。。
〃 27th 〃 3rd January 349 58
January the 3rd 〃 10th 〃 394 45
〃 10th 〃 17th 〃 415 21
〃 17th 〃 24th 〃 474 59
This last bill was really frightful; being a higher number than had
been known to have been buried in one week since the preceding
visitation of 1656。
However; all this went off again; and the weather proving cold; and
the frost; which began in December; still continuing very severe even
till near the end of February; attended with sharp though moderate
winds; the bills decreased again; and the city grew healthy; and
everybody began to look upon the danger as good as over; only that
still the burials in St Giles's continued high。 From the beginning of
April especially they stood at twenty…five each week; till the week
from the 18th to the 25th; when there was buried in St Giles's parish
thirty; whereof two of the plague and eight of the spotted…fever; which
was looked upon as the same thing; likewise the number that died of
the spotted…fever in the whole increased; being eight the week before;
and twelve the week above…named。
This alarmed us all again; and terrible apprehensions were among
the people; especially the weather being now changed and growing
warm; and the summer being at hand。 However; the next week there
seemed to be some hopes again; the bills were low; the number of the
dead in all was but 388; there was none of the plague; and but four of
the spotted…fever。
But the following week it returned again; and the distemper was
spread into two or three other parishes; viz。; St Andrew's; Holborn; St
Clement Danes; and; to the great affliction of the city; one died within
the walls; in the parish of St Mary Woolchurch; that is to say; in
Bearbinder Lane; near Stocks Market; in all there were nine of the
plague and six。 of the spotted…fever。 It was; however; upon inquiry
found that this Frenchman who died in Bearbinder Lane was one who;
having lived in Long Acre; near the infected houses; had removed for
fear of the distemper; not knowing that he was already infected。
This was the beginning of May; yet the weather was temperate;
variable; and cool enough; and people had still some hopes。 That
which encouraged them was that the city was healthy: the whole
ninety…seven parishes bu