第 1 节
作者:漂亮格子      更新:2021-02-24 22:06      字数:9322
  A JOURNAL OF THE PLAGUE YEAR
  by DANIEL DEFOE
  Part 1
  being observations or memorials
  of the most remarkable occurrences;
  as well public as private; which happened in
  London during the last great visitation in 1665。
  Written by a Citizen who continued
  all the while in London。
  Never made public before
  It was about the beginning of September; 1664; that I; among the rest
  of my neighbours; heard in ordinary discourse that the plague was
  returned again in Holland; for it had been very violent there; and
  particularly at Amsterdam and Rotterdam; in the year 1663; whither;
  they say; it was brought; some said from Italy; others from the Levant;
  among some goods which were brought home by their Turkey fleet;
  others said it was brought from Candia; others from Cyprus。  It
  mattered not from whence it came; but all agreed it was come into
  Holland again。
  We had no such thing as printed newspapers in those days to spread
  rumours and reports of things; and to improve them by the invention
  of men; as I have lived to see practised since。  But such things as these
  were gathered from the letters of merchants and others who
  corresponded abroad; and from them was handed about by word of
  mouth only; so that things did not spread instantly over the whole
  nation; as they do now。  But it seems that the Government had a true
  account of it; and several councils were held about ways to prevent its
  coming over; but all was kept very private。  Hence it was that this
  rumour died off again; and people began to forget it as a thing we
  were very little concerned in; and that we hoped was not true; till the
  latter end of November or the beginning of December 1664 when two
  men; said to be Frenchmen; died of the plague in Long Acre; or rather
  at the upper end of Drury Lane。  The family they were in endeavoured
  to conceal it as much as possible; but as it had gotten some vent in the
  discourse of the neighbourhood; the Secretaries of State got
  knowledge of it; and concerning themselves to inquire about it; in
  order to be certain of the truth; two physicians and a surgeon were
  ordered to go to the house and make inspection。  This they did; and
  finding evident tokens of the sickness upon both the bodies that were
  dead; they gave their opinions publicly that they died of the plague。
  Whereupon it was given in to the parish clerk; and he also returned
  them to the Hall; and it was printed in the weekly bill of mortality in
  the usual manner; thus …
  Plague; 2。 Parishes infected; 1。
  The people showed a great concern at this; and began to be alarmed
  all over the town; and the more; because in the last week in December
  1664 another man died in the same house; and of the same distemper。
  And then we were easy again for about six weeks; when none having
  died with any marks of infection; it was said the distemper was gone;
  but after that; I think it was about the 12th of February; another died in
  another house; but in the same parish and in the same manner。
  This turned the people's eyes pretty much towards that end of the
  town; and the weekly bills showing an increase of burials in St Giles's
  parish more than usual; it began to be suspected that the plague was
  among the people at that end of the town; and that many had died of it;
  though they had taken care to keep it as much from the knowledge of the
  public as possible。  This possessed the heads of the people very much;
  and few cared to go through Drury Lane; or the other streets suspected;
  unless they had extraordinary business that obliged them to it
  This increase of the bills stood thus: the usual number of burials in a
  week; in the parishes of St Giles…in…the…Fields and St Andrew's;
  Holborn; were from twelve to seventeen or nineteen each; few more
  or less; but from the time that the plague first began in St Giles's
  parish; it was observed that the ordinary burials increased in number
  considerably。  For example: …
  From December 27 to January 3  { St Giles's      16
  { St Andrew's     17
  〃     January 3  〃    〃    10  { St Giles's      12
  { St Andrew's     25
  〃     January 10 〃    〃    17  { St Giles's      18
  { St Andrew's     28
  〃     January 17 〃    〃    24  { St Giles's      23
  { St Andrew's     16
  〃     January 24 〃    〃    31  { St Giles's      24
  { St Andrew's     15
  〃     January 30 〃 February 7  { St Giles's      21
  { St Andrew's     23
  〃     February 7 〃     〃   14  { St Giles's      24
  Whereof one of the plague。
  The like increase of the bills was observed in the parishes of St
  Bride's; adjoining on one side of Holborn parish; and in the parish of
  St James; Clerkenwell; adjoining on the other side of Holborn; in both
  which parishes the usual numbers that died weekly were from four to
  six or eight; whereas at that time they were increased as follows: …
  From December 20 to December 27  { St Bride's     0
  { St James's     8
  December 27 to January   3  { St Bride's     6
  { St James's     9
  〃    January  3  〃    〃      10  { St Bride's    11
  { St James's     7
  〃    January 10  〃    〃      17  { St Bride's    12
  { St James's     9
  〃    January 17  〃    〃      24  { St Bride's     9
  { St James's    15
  〃    January 24  〃    〃      31  { St Bride's     8
  { St James's    12
  〃    January 31  〃 February   7  { St Bride's    13
  { St James's     5
  〃    February 7  〃    〃      14  { St Bride's     12
  { St James's     6
  Besides this; it was observed with great uneasiness by the people that
  the weekly bills in general increased very much during these weeks;
  although it was at a time of the year when usually the bills are very
  moderate。
  The usual number of burials within the bills of mortality for a week
  was from about 240 or thereabouts to 300。  The last was esteemed a
  pretty high bill; but after this we found the bills successively
  increasing as follows: …
  Buried。  Increased。
  December the 20th to the 27th               291       。。。
  〃      27th  〃     3rd January        349        58
  January  the  3rd  〃    10th   〃            394        45
  〃      10th  〃    17th   〃            415        21
  〃      17th  〃    24th   〃            474        59
  This last bill was really frightful; being a higher number than had
  been known to have been buried in one week since the preceding
  visitation of 1656。
  However; all this went off again; and the weather proving cold; and
  the frost; which began in December; still continuing very severe even
  till near the end of February; attended with sharp though moderate
  winds; the bills decreased again; and the city grew healthy; and
  everybody began to look upon the danger as good as over; only that
  still the burials in St Giles's continued high。  From the beginning of
  April especially they stood at twenty…five each week; till the week
  from the 18th to the 25th; when there was buried in St Giles's parish
  thirty; whereof two of the plague and eight of the spotted…fever; which
  was looked upon as the same thing; likewise the number that died of
  the spotted…fever in the whole increased; being eight the week before;
  and twelve the week above…named。
  This alarmed us all again; and terrible apprehensions were among
  the people; especially the weather being now changed and growing
  warm; and the summer being at hand。  However; the next week there
  seemed to be some hopes again; the bills were low; the number of the
  dead in all was but 388; there was none of the plague; and but four of
  the spotted…fever。
  But the following week it returned again; and the distemper was
  spread into two or three other parishes; viz。; St Andrew's; Holborn; St
  Clement Danes; and; to the great affliction of the city; one died within
  the walls; in the parish of St Mary Woolchurch; that is to say; in
  Bearbinder Lane; near Stocks Market; in all there were nine of the
  plague and six。 of the spotted…fever。  It was; however; upon inquiry
  found that this Frenchman who died in Bearbinder Lane was one who;
  having lived in Long Acre; near the infected houses; had removed for
  fear of the distemper; not knowing that he was already infected。
  This was the beginning of May; yet the weather was temperate;
  variable; and cool enough; and people had still some hopes。  That
  which encouraged them was that the city was healthy: the whole
  ninety…seven parishes bu