ries　of　pain　on　their　and　your　part；is　the　demand　which　you；　Captives；　make　of　all　men　that　are　not　Captive；　but　are　still　Free。　　Free　men；alas；　had　you　ever　any　notion　who　the　free　men　were；　who　the　not…free；　the　incapable　of　freedom！　　The　free　men；　if　you　could　have　understood　it；　they　are　the　wise　men；　the　patient；　self…denying；　valiant；　the　Nobles　of　the　World；　who　can　discern　the　Law　of　this　Universe；　what　it　is；　and　piously　_obey_　it；　these；　in　late　sad　times；　having　cast　you　loose；　you　are　fallen　captive　to　greedy　sons　of　profit…and…loss；　to　bad　and　ever　to　worse；　and　at　length　to　Beer　and　the　Devil。　　Algiers；　Brazil　or　Dahomey　hold　nothing　in　them　so　authentically　_slave_　as　you　are；　my　indigent　incompetent　friends！
  〃Good　Heavens；　and　I　have　to　raise　some　eight　or　nine　millions　annually；　six　for　England　itself；　and　to　wreck　the　morals　of　my　working　population　beyond　all　money's　worth；　to　keep　the　life　from　going　out　of　you：　　a　small　service　to　you；　as　I　many　times　bitterly　repeat！　　Alas；　yes；　before　high　Heaven　I　must　declare　it　such。　　I　think　the　old　Spartans；　who　would　have　killed　you　instead；　had　shown　more　'humanity；'　more　of　manhood；　than　I　thus　do！　　More　humanity；　I　say；　more　of　manhood；　and　of　sense　for　what　the　dignity　of　man　demands　imperatively　of　you　and　of　me　and　of　us　all。　　We　call　it　charity；　beneficence；　and　other　fine　names；　this　brutish　Workhouse　Scheme　of　ours；　and　it　is　but　sluggish　heartlessness；　and　insincerity；　and　cowardly　lowness　of　soul。　　Not　'humanity'　or　manhood；　I　think；　perhaps　_ape_hood　rather；paltry　imitancy；　from　the　teeth　outward；　of　what　our　heart　never　felt　nor　our　understanding　ever　saw；　dim　indolent　adherence　to　extraneous　and　extinct　traditions；　traditions　now　really　about　extinct；　not　living　now　to　almost　any　of　us；　and　still　haunting　with　their　spectralities　and　gibbering　_ghosts_　（in　a　truly　baleful　manner）　almost　all　of　us！　Making　this　our　struggling　'Twelfth　Hour　of　the　Night'　inexpressibly　hideous！…
  〃But　as　for　you；　my　indigent　incompetent　friends；　I　have　to　repeat　with　sorrow；　but　with　perfect　clearness；　what　is　plainly　undeniable；　and　is　even　clamorous　to　get　itself　admitted；　that　you　are　of　the　nature　of　slaves；or　if　you　prefer　the　word；　of　_nomadic；　and　now　even　vagrant　and　vagabond；　servants　that　can　find　no　master　on　those　terms_；　which　seems　to　me　a　much　uglier　word。　　Emancipation？　　You　have　been　'emancipated'　with　a　vengeance！　Foolish　souls；　I　say　the　whole　world　cannot　emancipate　you。　　Fealty　to　ignorant　Unruliness；　to　gluttonous　sluggish　Improvidence；　to　the　Beer…pot　and　the　Devil；　who　is　there　that　can　emancipate　a　man　in　that　predicament？　Not　a　whole　Reform　Bill；　a　whole　French　Revolution　executed　for　his　behoof　alone：　　nothing　but　God　the　Maker　can　emancipate　him；　by　making　him　anew。
  〃To　forward　which　glorious　consummation；　will　it　not　be　well；　O　indigent　friends；　that　you；　fallen　flat　there；　shall　henceforth　learn　to　take　advice　of　others　as　to　the　methods　of　standing？　　Plainly　I　let　you　know；　and　all　the　world　and　the　worlds　know；　that　I　for　my　part　mean　it　so。　　Not　as　glorious　unfortunate　sons　of　freedom；　but　as　recognized　captives；　as　unfortunate　fallen　brothers　requiring　that　I　should　command　you；　and　if　need　were；　control　and　compel　you；　can　there　henceforth　be　a　relation　between　us。　　Ask　me　not　for　Indian　meal；　you　shall　be　compelled　to　earn　it　first；　know　that　on　other　terms　I　will　not　give　you　any。　　Before　Heaven　and　Earth；　and　God　the　Maker　of　us　all；　I　declare　it　is　a　scandal　to　see　_such_　a　life　kept　in　you；　by　the　sweat　and　heart's…blood　of　your　brothers；　and　that；　if　we　cannot
  mend　it；　death　were　preferable！　　Go　to；　we　must　get　out　of　thisunutterable　coil　of　nonsenses；　constitutional；　philanthropical；　&c。；　in　which　（surely　without　mutual　hatred；　if　with　less　of　'love'　than　is　supposed）　we　are　all　strangling　one　another！　　Your　want　of　wants；　I　say；　is　that　you　be　_commanded_　in　this　world；　not　being　able　to　command　yourselves。　　Know　therefore　that　it　shall　be　so　with　you。　　Nomadism；　I　give　you　notice；　has　ended；　needful　permanency；　soldier…like　obedience；　and　the　opportunity　and　the　necessity　of　hard　steady　labor　for　your　living；　have　begun。　　Know　that　the　Idle　Workhouse　is　shut　against　you　henceforth；　you　cannot　enter　there　at　will；　nor　leave　at　will；　you　shall　enter　a　quite　other　Refuge；　under　conditions　strict　as　soldiering；　and　not　leave　till　I　have　done　with　you。　　He　that　prefers　the　glorious　（or　perhaps　even　the　rebellious　_in_glorious）　'career　of　freedom；'　let　him　prove　that　he　can　travel　there；　and　be　the　master　of　himself；　and　right　good　speed　to　him。　He　who　has　proved　that　he　cannot　travel　there　or　be　the　master　of　himself；let　him；　in　the　name　of　all　the　gods；　become　a　servant；　and　accept　the　just　rules　of　servitude！
  〃Arise；　enlist　in　my　Irish；　my　Scotch　and　English　'Regiments　of　the　New　Era；'which　I　have　been　concocting；　day　and　night；　during　these　three　Grouse…seasons　（taking　earnest　incessant　counsel；　with　all　manner　of　Industrial　Notabilities　and　men　of　insight；　on　the　matter）；　and　have　now　brought　to　a　kind　of　preparation　for　incipiency；　thank　Heaven！　　Enlist　there；　ye　poor　wandering　banditti；　obey；　work；　suffer；　abstain；　as　all　of　us　have　had　to　do：　　so　shall　you　be　useful　in　God's　creation；　so　shall　you　be　helped　to　gain　a　manful　living　for　yourselves；　not　otherwise　than　so。　Industrial　Regiments　＇_Here　numerous　persons；　with　big　wigs　many　of　them；　and　austere　aspect；　whom　I　take　to　be　Professors　of　the　Dismal　Science；　start　up　in　an　agitated　vehement　manner：　　but　the　Premier　resolutely　beckons　them　down　again_＇Regiments　not　to　fight　the　French　or　others；　who　are　peaceable　enough　towards　us；　but　to　fight　the　Bogs　and　Wildernesses　at　home　and　abroad；　and　to　chain　the　Devils　of　the　Pit　which　are　walking　too　openly　among　us。
  〃Work；　for　you？　　Work；　surely；　is　not　quite　undiscoverable　in　an　Earth　so　wide　as　ours；　if　we　will　take　the　right　methods　for　it！　　Indigent　friends；　we　will　adopt　this　new　relation　（which　is　_old_　as　the　world）；　this　will　lead　us　towards　such。　　Rigorous　conditions；　not　to　be　violated　on　either　side；　lie　in　this　relation；　conditions　planted　there　by　God　Himself；　which　woe　will　betide　us　if　we　do　not　discover；　gradually　more　and　more　discover；　and　conform　to！　　Industrial　Colonels；　Workmasters；　Task…masters；　Life…commanders；　equitable　as　Rhadamanthus　and　inflexible　as　he：　　such；　I　perceive；　you　do　need；　and　such；　you　being　once　put　under　law　as　soldiers　are；　will　be　discoverable　for　you。　　I　perceive；　with　boundless　alarm；　that　I　shall　have　to　set　about　discovering　such；I；　since　I　am　at　the　top　of　affairs；　with　all　men　looking　to　me。　　Alas；　it　is　my　new　task　in　this　New　Era；　and　God　knows；　I　too；　little　other　than　a　red…tape　Talking…machine；　and　unhappy　Bag　of　Parliamentary　Eloquence　hitherto；　am　far　behind　with　it！　But　street…barricades　rise　everywhere：　　the　hour　of　Fate　has　come。　　In　Connemara　there　has　sprung　a　leak；　since　the　potato　died；　Connaught；　if　it　were　not　for　Treasury…grants　and　rates…in…aid；　would　have　to　recur　to　Cannibalism　even　now；　and　Human　Society　would　cease　to　pretend　that　it　existed　there。　　Done　this　thing　must　be。　　Alas；　I　perceive　that　if　I　cannot　do　it；　then　surely　I　shall　die；　and　perhaps　shall　not　have　Christian　burial！　　But　I　already　raise　near　upon　Ten　Millions　for　feeding　you　in　idleness；　my　nomadic　friends；　work；　under　due　regulations；　I　really　might　try　to　get　of＇_Here　arises　indescribable　uproar；　no　longer　repressible；　from　all　manner　of　Economists；　Emancipationists；　Constitutionalists；　and　miscellaneous　Professors　of　the　Dismal　Science；　pretty　numerously　scattered　about；　and　cries　of　〃Private　enterprise；〃　〃Rights　of　Capital；〃　〃Voluntary　Principle；〃　〃Doctrines　of　the　British　Constitution；〃　swollen　by　the　general　assenting　hum　of　all　the　world；　quite　drown　the　Chief　Minister　for　a　while。　He；　with　invincible　resolution；　persists；　obtains　hearing　again_：＇
  〃Respectable　Professors　of　the　Dismal　Science；　soft　you　a　little。　　Alas；　I　know　what　you　would　say。　　For　my　sins；　I　have　read　much　in　those　inimitable　volumes　of　yours；really　I　should　think；　some　barrowfuls　of　them　in　my　time；and；　in　these　last　forty　years　of　theory　and　practice；　have　pretty　well　seized　what　of　Divine　Message　you　were　sent　with　to　me。　　Perhaps　as　small　a　message；　give　me　leave　to　say；　as　ever　there　was　such　a　noise　made　about　before。　　Trust　me；　I　have　not　forgotten　it；　shall　never　forget　it。　Those　Laws　of　the　Shop…till　are　indisputable　to　me；　and　practically　useful　in　certain　departments　of　the　Universe；　as　the　multiplication…table　itself。　Once　I　even　tried　to　sail　through　the　Immensities　with　them；　and　to　front　the　big　coming　Eternities　with　them；　but　I　found　it　would　not　do。　　As　the　Supreme　Rule　of　Statesmanship；　or　Government　of　Men；since　this　Universe　is　not　wholly　a　Shop；no。　　You　rejoice　in　my　improved　tariffs；　free…trade　movements　and　the　like；　on　every　hand；　for　which　be　thankful；　and　even　sing　litanies　if　you　choose。　　But　here　at　last；　in　the　Idle…Workhouse　movement；unexampled　yet　on　Earth　or　in　the　waters　under　the　Earth；I　am　fairly　brought　to　a　stand；　and　have　had　to　make　reflections；　of　the　most　alarming；　and　indeed　awful；　and　as　it　were　religious　nature！　　Professors　of　the　Dismal　Science；　I　perceive　th