the　Duke　and　Duchess　de　Polignac；　who　were　ambitious；　proud；　and
  avaricious；　behind　the　Duchess　Diana　stood　the　three　favorites　of
  the　royal　society　in　Trianon　Lords　Vaudreuil；　Besenval；　D'Adhemar…
  …who　desired　embassies；　ministerial　posts；　orders；　and　other　tokens
  of　honor。
  Diana　de　Polignac　was　the　channel　through　whom　all　these　addressed
  themselves　to　the　queen；　she　was　the　loved　friend　who　asked　whether
  the　queen　could　not　grant　their　demands。　Louis　granted　all　the
  requests　to　the　queen；　and　Marie　Antoinette　then　went　to　her　loved
  friend　Diana；　in　order　to　gratify　her　wishes；　to　receive　a　kiss；　and
  to　be　rewarded　with　a　smile。
  The　great　noble　families　saw　with　envy　and　displeasure　this
  supremacy　of　the　Polignacs　and　the　favorites　of　Trianon。　They
  withdrew　from　the　court；　gave　the　〃Queen　of　Trianon〃　over　to　her
  special　friends　and　their　citizen　pleasures　and　sports；　which；　as
  they　asserted；　were　not　becoming　to　the　great　nobility。　They　gave
  the　king　over　to　his　wife　who　ruled　through　him；　and　who；　in　turn；
  was　governed　by　the　Polignacs　and　the　other　favorites。　To　them　and
  to　their　friends　belonged　all　places；　all　honors；　to　them　all
  applied　who　wanted　to　gain　any　thing　for　the　court；　and　even　they
  who　wanted　to　get　justice　done　them。　Around　the　royal　pair　there　was
  nothing　but　intrigues；　cabals；　envy；　and　hostility。　Every　one　wanted
  to　be　first　in　the　favor　of　the　queen；　in　order　to　gain　influence
  and　consideration；　every　one　wanted　to　cast　suspicion　on　the　one　who
  was　next　to　him；　in　order　to　supplant　him　in　the　favor　of　Marie
  Antoinette。
  The　fair　days　of　fortune　and　peace；　of　which　the　queen　dreamed　in
  her　charming　country　home；　thinking　that　her　realizations　were　met
  when　the　sun　had　scarcely　risen　upon　them；　were　gone。　Trianon　was
  still　there；　and　the　happy　peasant…girl　of　Trianon　had　been
  unchanged　in　heart；　but　those　to　whom　she　had　given　her　heart；　those
  who　had　joined　in　her　harmless　amusement　in　her　village　there；　were
  changed！　They　had　cast　aside　the　idyllic　masks　with　which　the　good…
  natured　and　confiding　queen　had　deceived　herself。　They　were　no
  longer　friends；　no　longer　devoted　servants；　they　were　mere　place…
  hunters；　intriguers；　flatterers；　not　acting　out　of　love；　but　out　of
  selfishness。
  Yet　the　queen　would　not　believe　this；　she　continued　to　be　the　tender
  friend　of　her　friends；　trusted　them；　depended　upon　their　love；　was
  happy　in　their　neighborhood；　and　let　herself　be　led　by　them　just　as
  the　king　let　himself　be　led　by　her。
  They　set　ministers　aside；　appointed　new　ones；　placed　their　favorites
  in　places　of　power；　and　drove　their　opponents　into　obscurity。
  But　there　came　a　day　when　the　queen　began　to　see　that　she　was　not
  the　ruler　but　the　ruled；when　she　saw　that　she　was　not　acting　out
  her　own　will；　but　was　tyrannized　over　by　those　who　had　been　made
  powerful　through　her　favor。
  〃I　have　been　compelled　to　take　part　in　political　affairs；〃　said　she；
  〃because　the　king；　in　his　noble；　good…humored　way；　has　too　little
  confidence　in　himself；　and；　out　of　his　self…distrust；　lets　himself
  be　controlled　by　the　opinions　of　others。　And　so　it　is　best　that　I
  should　be　his　first　confidante；　and　that　he　should　take　me　to　be　his
  chief　adviser；　for　his　interests　are　mine；　and　these　children　are
  mine；　and　surely　no　one　can　speak　more　truly　and　honestly　to　the
  King　of　France　than　his　queen；　his　wife；　the　mother　of　his　children！
  And　so　if　the　king　is　not　perfectly　independent；　and　feels　himself
  too　weak　to　stand　alone；　and　independently　to　exert　power；　he　ought
  to　rest　on　me；　I　will　bear　a　part　in　his　government；　his　business；
  that　at　any　rate　they　who　control　be　not　my　opponents；　my　enemies！〃
  For　a　while　she　yielded　to　her　friends　and　favorites　who　wanted　to
  stand　in　the　same　relation　to　the　queen　that　she　did　to　the　king
  she　yielded；　not　like　Louis；　from　weakness；　but　from　the　very　power
  of　her　love　for　them。
  She　yielded　at　the　time　when　Diana　de　Polignac；　urged　by　her
  brother…in…law；　Polignac；　and　by　Lord　Besenval；　conjured　the　queen
  to　nominate　Lord　Calonne　to　be　general　comptroller　of　the　finances。
  She　yielded；　and　Calonne；　the　flatterer；　the　courtier　of　Polignac；
  received　the　important　appointment；　although　Marie　Antoinette
  experienced　twinges　of　conscience　for　it；　and　did　not　trust　the　man
  whom　she　herself　advanced　to　this　high　place。　Public　opinion；
  meanwhile；　gave　out　that　Lord　Calonne　was　a　favorite　of　the　queen；
  and；　while　she　bore　him　no　special　favor；　and　considered　his
  appointment　as　a　misfortune　to　France；　she　who　herself　promoted　him
  became　the　object　of　public　indignation。
  Meanwhile　the　nomination　of　Lord　Calonne　was　to　be　productive　of
  real　good。　It　gave　rise　to　the　publication　of　a　host　of　libels　and
  pamphlets　which　discussed　the　financial　condition　of　France；　and；　in
  biting　and　scornful　words；　in　the　language　of　sadness　and　despair；
  developed　the　need　and　the　misfortune　of　the　land。　The　king　gave　the
  chief　minister　of　police　strict　injunctions　to　send　him　all　these
  ephemeral　publications。　He　wanted　to　read　them　all；　wanted　to　find
  the　kernel　of　wheat　which　each　contained；　and；　from　his　enemies；　who
  assuredly　would　not　flatter；　he　wanted　to　learn　how　to　be　a　good
  king。　And　the　first　of　his　cares　he　saw　to　be　a　frugal　king；　and　to
  limit　his　household　expenses。
  This　time　he　acted　independently；　he　asked　no　one's　counsel；　not
  even　the　queen's。　As　his　own　unconstrained　act；　he　ordered　a
  diminution　of　the　court　luxury；　and　a　limitation　of　the　great
  pensions　which　were　paid　to　favorites。　The　great　stable　of　the　king
  must　be　reduced；　the　chief　directorship　of　the　post　bureau　must　be
  abolished；　the　high　salary　of　the　governess　of　the　royal　children　as
  well　as　that　of　the　maid　of　honor　of　Madame　Elizabeth；　sister　of　the
  king；　must　be　reduced。
  And　who　were　the　ones　affected　by　this？　Chiefly　the　Polignac　family。
  The　Duke　de　Polignac　was　director　of　the　royal　mews；　and　next　to　him
  the　Duke　de　Coigny。　The　Duke　de　Polignac　was　also　chief　director　of
  the　post　department。　His　wife；　Diana　de　Polignac；　was　also　maid　of
  honor　to　Madame　Elizabeth；　and　Julia　de　Polignac　was　governess　of
  the　children　of　Prance。
  They　would　not　believe　it；　they　held　it　impossible　that　so　unheard…
  of　a　thing　should　happen；　that　their　income　should　be　reduced。　The
  whole　circle　of　intimate　friends　resorted　to　Trianon；　to　have　an
  interview　with　the　queen；　to　receive　from　her　the　assurance　that　she
  would　not　tolerate　such　a　robbing　of　her　friends；　and　that　she　would
  induce　the　king　to　take　back　his　commands。
  The　queen；　however；　for　the　first　time；　made　a　stand　against　her
  friends。
  〃It　is　the　will　of　the　king；〃　said　she；　〃and　I　am　too　happy　that　the
  king　has　a　will；　to　dare　opposing　it。　May　the　king　reign！　It　is　his
  duty　and　his　right；　as　it　is　the　duty　and　right　of　all　his　subjects
  to　conform　to　his　wish　and　be　subject　to　his　will。〃
  〃But；〃　cried　Lord　Besenval；　〃it　is　horrible　to　live　in　a　country
  where　one　is　not　sure　but　he　may　lose　tomorrow　what　he　holds　to…day；
  down　to　this　time　that　has　always　been　the　Turkish　fashion。〃
  ＇Footnote：　His　very　words。　See　Goncourt's　〃Histoire　de　Marie
  Antoinette；〃　p。　181。＇
  The　queen　trembled　and　raised　her　great　eyes　with　a　look　full　of
  astonishment　and　pain　to　Besenval；　then　to　the　other　friends；　she
  read　upon　all　faces　alienation　and　unkindly　feeling。　The　mask　of
  devoted　courtiers　and　true　servants　had　for　the　first　time　fallen
  from　their　faces；　and　Marie　Antoinette　discovered　these　all　at　once
  wholly　estranged　and　unknown　countenances；　eyes　without　the　beam　of
  friendship；　lips　without　the　smile　of　devotion。
  The　queen　sought　to　put　her　hand　to　her　heart。　It　seemed　to　her　as
  if　she　had　been　wounded　with　a　dagger。　She　felt　as　if　she　must　cry
  aloud　with　pain　and　grief。　But　she　commanded　herself　and　only　gave
  utterance　to　a　faint　sigh。
  〃You　are　not　the　only　ones　who　will　lose；　my　friends；〃　said　she；
  gently。　〃The　king　is　a　loser；　too；　for　if　he　gives　up　the　great
  stables；　he　sacrifices　to　the　common　good　his　horses；　his　equipages；
  and；　above　all；　his　true　servants。　We　must　all　learn　to　put　up　with
  limitations　and　a　reduction　of　outlay。　But　we　can　still　remain　good
  friends；　and　here　in　Trianon　pass　many　pleasant　days　with　one
  another　in　harmless　gayety　and　happy　contentment。　Come；　my　friends；
  let　us　forget　these　cares　and　these　constraints；　let　us；　despite　all
  these　things；　be　merry　and　glad。　Duke　de　Coigny；　you　have　been　for　a
  week　my　debtor　in　billiards；　to…day　you　must　make　it　up。　Come；　my
  friends；　let　us　go　into　the　billiard…room。〃
  And　the　queen；　who　had　found　her　gayety　again；　went　laughing　in
  advance　of　her　friends　into　the　next　apartment；　where　the　billiard…
  table　stood。　She　took　up　her　cue；　and；　brandishing　it　like　a
  sceptre；　cried；　〃Now；　my　friends；　away　with　care〃
  She　ceased；　for　as　she　looked　around　her　she　saw　that　her　friends
  had　not　obeyed　her　call。　Only　the　Duke　de　Coigny；　whom　she　had
  specially　summoned；　had　followed　the　queen　into　the　billiard…room。
  A　flash　of　anger　shot　from　the　eyes　of　the　queen。
  〃How！〃　cried　she；　aloud；　〃did　my　companions　not　hear　that　I
  commanded　them　to　follow　me　hither？〃
  〃Your　majesty；〃　answered　the　Duke　de　Coigny；　peevi