en　to　their　cause；　seeing　that　he　was　at　once　so　beautiful；　and　likewise　the　first　captive　they　had　made。　The　man　who　was　slain　in　this　way　was　called　Leo；　and　it　may　be　that　the　name　he　bore　helped　him　to　his　fate　in　some　measure。　　　　　The　Eginetan　trireme；　under　its　captain；　Asonides；　gave　the　Persians　no　little　trouble；　one　of　the　men…at…arms；　Pythes；　the　son　of　Ischenous；　distinguishing　himself　beyond　all　the　others　who　fought　that　day。　After　the　ship　was　taken　this　man　continued　to　resist；　and　did　not　cease　fighting　till　he　fell　quite　covered　with　wounds。　The　Persians　who　served　as　men…at…arms　in　the　squadron；　finding　that　he　was　not　dead；　but　still　breathed；　and　being　very　anxious　to　save　his　life；　since　he　had　behaved　so　valiantly；　dressed　his　wounds　with　myrrh；　and　bound　them　up　with　bandages　of　cotton。　Then；　when　they　were　returned　to　their　own　station；　they　displayed　their　prisoner　admiringly　to　the　whole　host；　and　behaved　towards　him　with　much　kindness；　but　all　the　rest　of　the　ship's　crew　were　treated　merely　as　slaves。　　　　　Thus　did　the　Persians　succeed　in　taking　two　of　the　vessels。　The　third；　a　trireme　commanded　by　Phormus　of　Athens；　took　to　flight　and　ran　aground　at　the　mouth　of　the　river　Peneus。　The　barbarians　got　possession　of　the　bark　but　not　of　the　men。　For　the　Athenians　had　no　sooner　run　their　vessel　aground　than　they　leapt　out；　and　made　their　way　through　Thessaly　back　to　Athens。　　　　　When　the　Greeks　stationed　at　Artemisium　learnt　what　had　happened　by　fire…signals　from　Sciathus；　so　terrified　were　they；　that；　quitting　their　anchorage…ground　at　Artemisium；　and　leaving　scouts　to　watch　the　foe　on　the　highlands　of　Euboea；　they　removed　to　Chalcis；　intending　to　guard　the　Euripus。　　　　　Meantime　three　of　the　ten　vessels　sent　forward　by　the　barbarians　advanced　as　far　as　the　sunken　rock　between　Sciathus　and　Magnesia；　which　is　called　〃The　Ant；〃　and　there　set　up　a　stone　pillar　which　they　had　brought　with　them　for　that　purpose。　After　this；　their　course　being　now　clear；　the　barbarians　set　sail　with　all　their　ships　from　Therma；　eleven　days　from　the　time　that　the　king　quitted　the　town。　The　rock；　which　lay　directly　in　their　course；　had　been　made　known　to　them　by　Pammon　of　Scyros。　A　day's　voyage　without　a　stop　brought　them　to　Sepias　in　Magnesia；　and　to　the　strip　of　coast　which　lies　between　the　town　of　Casthanaea　and　the　promontory　of　Sepias。　　　　　As　far　as　this　point　then；　and　on　land；　as　far　as　Thermopylae；　the　armament　of　Xerxes　had　been　free　from　mischance；　and　the　numbers　were　still；　according　to　my　reckoning；　of　the　following　amount。　First　there　was　the　ancient　complement　of　the　twelve　hundred　and　seven　vessels　which　came　with　the　king　from　Asia…　the　contingents　of　the　nations　severally…　amounting；　if　we　allow　to　each　ship　a　crew　of　two　hundred　men；　to　241；400…　Each　of　these　vessels　had　on　board；　besides　native　soldiers；　thirty　fighting　men；　who　were　either　Persians；　Medes；　or　Sacans；　which　gives　an　addition　of　36；210。　To　these　two　numbers　I　shall　further　add　the　crews　of　the　penteconters；　which　may　be　reckoned；　one　with　another；　at　fourscore　men　each。　Of　such　vessels　there　were　（as　I　said　before）　three　thousand；　and　the　men　on　board　them　accordingly　would　be　240；000。　This　was　the　sea　force　brought　by　the　king　from　Asia；　and　it　amounted　in　all　to　517；610　men。　The　number　of　the　foot　soldiers　was　1；700；000；　that　of　the　horsemen　80；000；　to　which　must　be　added　the　Arabs　who　rode　on　camels；　and　the　Libyans　who　fought　in　chariots；　whom　I　reckon　at　20；000。　The　whole　number；　therefore；　of　the　land　and　sea　forces　added　together　amounts　to　2；317；610　men。　Such　was　the　force　brought　from　Asia；　without　including　the　camp　followers；　or　taking　any　account　of　the　provision…　ships　and　the　men　whom　they　had　on　board。　　　　　To　the　amount　thus　reached　we　have　still　to　add　the　forces　gathered　in　Europe；　concerning　which　I　can　only　speak　from　conjecture。　The　Greeks　dwelling　in　Thrace；　and　in　the　islands　off　the　coast　of　Thrace；　furnished　to　the　fleet　one　hundred　and　twenty　ships；　the　crews　of　which　would　amount　to　24；000　men。　Besides　these；　footmen　were　furnished　by　the　Thracians；　the　Paeonians；　the　Eordians；　the　Bottiaeans；　by　the　Chalcidean　tribes；　by　the　Brygians；　the　Pierians；　the　Macedonians；　the　Perrhaebians　the　Enianians；　the　Dolopians；　the　Magnesians；　the　Achaeans　and　by　all　the　dwellers　upon　the　Thracian　sea…board；　and　the　forces　of　these　nations　amounted；　I　believe；　to　three　hundred　thousand　men。　These　numbers；　added　to　those　of　the　force　which　came　out　of　Asia；　make　the　sum　of　the　fighting　men　2；641；610。　　　　　Such　then　being　the　number　of　the　fighting　men；　it　is　my　belief　that　the　attendants　who　followed　the　camp；　together　with　the　crews　of　the　corn…barks；　and　of　the　other　craft　accompanying　the　army；　made　up　an　amount　rather　above　than　below　that　of　the　fighting　men。　However　I　will　not　reckon　them　as　either　fewer　or　more；　but　take　them　at　an　equal　number。　We　have　therefore　to　add　to　the　sum　already　reached　an　exactly　equal　amount。　This　will　give　5；283；220　as　the　whole　number　of　men　brought　by　Xerxes；　the　son　of　Darius；　as　far　as　Sepias　and　Thermopylae。　　　　　Such　then　was　the　amount　of　the　entire　host　of　Xerxes。　As　for　the　number　of　the　women　who　ground　the　corn；　of　the　concubines；　and　the　eunuchs；　no　one　can　give　any　sure　account　of　it；　nor　can　the　baggage…horses　and　other　sumpter…beasts；　nor　the　Indian　hounds　which　followed　the　army；　be　calculated；　by　reason　of　their　multitude。　Hence　I　am　not　at　all　surprised　that　the　water　of　the　rivers　was　found　too　scant　for　the　army　in　some　instances；　rather　it　is　a　marvel　to　me　how　the　provisions　did　not　fail；　when　the　numbers　were　so　great。　For　I　find　on　calculation　that　if　each　man　consumed　no　more　than　a　choenix　of　corn　a　day；　there　must　have　been　used　daily　by　the　army　110；340　medimni；　and　this　without　counting　what　was　eaten　by　the　women；　the　eunuchs；　the　sumpter…beasts；　and　the　hounds。　Among　all　this　multitude　of　men　there　was　not　one　who；　for　beauty　and　stature；　deserved　more　than　Xerxes　himself　to　wield　so　vast　a　power。　　　　　The　fleet　then；　as　I　said；　on　leaving　Therma；　sailed　to　the　Magnesian　territory；　and　there　occupied　the　strip　of　coast　between　the　city　of　Casthanaea　and　Cape　Sepias。　The　ships　of　the　first　row　were　moored　to　the　land；　while　the　remainder　swung　at　anchor　further　off。　The　beach　extended　but　a　very　little　way；　so　that　they　had　to　anchor　off　the　shore；　row　upon　row；　eight　deep。　In　this　manner　they　passed　the　night。　But　at　dawn　of　day　calm　and　stillness　gave　place　to　a　raging　sea；　and　a　violent　storm；　which　fell　upon　them　with　a　strong　gale　from　the　east…　a　wind　which　the　people　in　those　parts　call　Hellespontias。　Such　of　them　as　perceived　the　wind　rising；　and　were　so　moored　as　to　allow　of　it；　forestalled　the　tempest　by　dragging　their　ships　up　on　the　beach；　and　in　this　way　saved　both　themselves　and　their　vessels。　But　the　ships　which　the　storm　caught　out　at　sea　were　driven　ashore；　some　of　them　near　the　place　called　Ipni；　or　〃The　Ovens；〃　at　the　foot　of　Pelion；　others　on　the　strand　itself；　others　again　about　Cape　Sepias；　while　a　portion　were　dashed　to　pieces　near　the　cities　of　Meliboea　and　Casthanaea。　There　was　no　resisting　the　tempest。　　　　　It　is　said　that　the　Athenians　had　called　upon　Boreas　to　aid　the　Greeks；　on　account　of　a　fresh　oracle　which　had　reached　them；　commanding　them　to　〃seek　help　from　their　son…in…law。〃　For　Boreas；　according　to　the　tradition　of　the　Greeks；　took　to　wife　a　woman　of　Attica；　viz。；　Orithyia；　the　daughter　of　Erechtheus。　So　the　Athenians；　as　the　tale　goes；　considering　that　this　marriage　made　Boreas　their　son…in…law；　and　perceiving；　while　they　lay　with　their　ships　at　Chalcis　of　Euboea；　that　the　wind　was　rising；　or；　it　may　be；　even　before　it　freshened；　offered　sacrifice　both　to　Boreas　and　likewise　to　Orithyia；　entreating　them　to　come　to　their　aid　and　to　destroy　the　ships　of　the　barbarians；　as　they　did　once　before　off　Mount　Athos。　Whether　it　was　owing　to　this　that　Boreas　fell　with　violence　on　the　barbarians　at　their　anchorage　I　cannot　say；　but　the　Athenians　declare　that　they　had　received　aid　from　Boreas　before；　and　that　it　was　he　who　now　caused　all　these　disasters。　They　therefore；　on　their　return　home；　built　a　temple　to　this　god　on　the　banks　of　the　Ilissus。　　　　　Such　as　put　the　loss　of　the　Persian　fleet　in　this　storm　at　the　lowest　say　that　four　hundred　of　their　ships　were　destroyed；　that　a　countless　multitude　of　men　were　slain；　and　a　vast　treasure　engulfed。　Ameinocles；　the　son　of　Cretines；　a　Magnesian；　who　farmed　land　near　Cape　Sepias；　found　the　wreck　of　these　vessels　a　source　of　great　gain　to　him；　many　were　the　gold　and　silver　drinking…cups；　cast　up　long　afterwards　by　the　surf；　which　he　gathered；　while　treasure…boxes　too　which　had　belonged　to　the　Persians；　and　golden　articles　of　all　kinds　and　beyond　count；　came　into　his　possession。　Ameinocles　grew　to　be　a　man　of　great　wealth　in　this　way；　but　in　other　respects　things　did　not　go　over　well　with　him：　he　too；　like　other　men；　had　his　own　grief…　the　calamity　of　losing　his　offspring。　　　　　As　for　the　number　of　the　provision　craft　and　other　merchant　ships　which　perished；　it　was　beyond　count。　Indeed；　such　was　the　loss；　that　the　commanders　of　the　sea　force；　fearing　lest　in　their　shattered　condition　the　Thessalians　should　venture　on　an　at