him　with　sacrifices。　　　　　Such　then　was　the　end　of　Dorieus；　who　if　he　had　brooked　the　rule　of　Cleomenes；　and　remained　in　Sparta；　would　have　been　king　of　Lacedaemon；　since　Cleomenes；　after　reigning　no　great　length　of　time；　died　without　male　offspring；　leaving　behind　him　an　only　daughter；　by　name　Gorgo。　　　　　Cleomenes；　however；　was　still　king　when　Aristagoras；　tyrant　of　Miletus；　reached　Sparta。　At　their　interview；　Aristagoras；　according　to　the　report　of　the　Lacedaemonians；　produced　a　bronze　tablet；　whereupon　the　whole　circuit　of　the　earth　was　engraved；　with　all　its　seas　and　rivers。　Discourse　began　between　the　two；　and　Aristagoras　addressed　the　Spartan　king　in　these　words　following：…　〃Think　it　not　strange；　O　King　Cleomenes；　that　I　have　been　at　the　pains　to　sail　hither；　for　the　posture　of　affairs；　which　I　will　now　recount　unto　thee；　made　it　fitting。　Shame　and　grief　is　it　indeed　to　none　so　much　as　to　us；　that　the　sons　of　the　Ionians　should　have　lost　their　freedom；　and　come　to　be　the　slaves　of　others；　but　yet　it　touches　you　likewise；　O　Spartans；　beyond　the　rest　of　the　Greeks；　inasmuch　as　the　pre…eminence　over　all　Greece　appertains　to　you。　We　beseech　you；　therefore；　by　the　common　gods　of　the　Grecians；　deliver　the　Ionians；　who　are　your　own　kinsmen；　from　slavery。　Truly　the　task　is　not　difficult；　for　the　barbarians　are　an　unwarlike　people；　and　you　are　the　best　and　bravest　warriors　in　the　whole　world。　Their　mode　of　fighting　is　the　following：…　they　use　bows　and　arrows　and　a　short　spear；　they　wear　trousers　in　the　field；　and　cover　their　heads　with　turbans。　So　easy　are　they　to　vanquish！　Know　too　that　the　dwellers　in　these　parts　have　more　good　things　than　all　the　rest　of　the　world　put　together…　gold；　and　silver；　and　brass；　and　embroidered　garments；　beasts　of　burthen；　and　bond…servants…　all　which；　if　you　only　wish　it；　you　may　soon　have　for　your　own。　The　nations　border　on　one　another；　in　the　order　which　I　will　now　explain。　Next　to　these　Ionians〃　（here　he　pointed　with　his　finger　to　the　map　of　the　world　which　was　engraved　upon　the　tablet　that　he　had　brought　with　him）　〃these　Lydians　dwell；　their　soil　is　fertile；　and　few　people　are　so　rich　in　silver。　Next　to　them；〃　he　continued；　〃come　these　Phrygians；　who　have　more　flocks　and　herds　than　any　race　that　I　know；　and　more　plentiful　harvests。　On　them　border　the　Cappadocians；　whom　we　Greeks　know　by　the　name　of　Syrians：　they　are　neighbours　to　the　Cilicians；　who　extend　all　the　way　to　this　sea；　where　Cyprus　（the　island　which　you　see　here）　lies。　The　Cilicians　pay　the　king　a　yearly　tribute　of　five　hundred　talents。　Next　to　them　come　the　Armenians；　who　live　here…　they　too　have　numerous　flocks　and　herds。　After　them　come　the　Matieni；　inhabiting　this　country；　then　Cissia；　this　province；　where　you　see　the　river　Choaspes　marked；　and　likewise　the　town　Susa　upon　its　banks；　where　the　Great　King　holds　his　court；　and　where　the　treasuries　are　in　which　his　wealth　is　stored。　Once　masters　of　this　city；　you　may　be　bold　to　vie　with　Jove　himself　for　riches。　In　the　wars　which　ye　wage　with　your　rivals　of　Messenia；　with　them　of　Argos　likewise　and　of　Arcadia；　about　paltry　boundaries　and　strips　of　land　not　so　remarkably　good；　ye　contend　with　those　who　have　no　gold；　nor　silver　even；　which　often　give　men　heart　to　fight　and　die。　Must　ye　wage　such　wars；　and　when　ye　might　so　easily　be　lords　of　Asia；　will　ye　decide　otherwise？〃　Thus　spoke　Aristagoras；　and　Cleomenes　replied　to　him；…　〃Milesian　stranger；　three　days　hence　I　will　give　thee　an　answer。〃　　　　　So　they　proceeded　no　further　at　that　time。　When；　however；　the　day　appointed　for　the　answer　came；　and　the　two　once　more　met；　Cleomenes　asked　Aristagoras；　〃how　many　days'　journey　it　was　from　the　sea　of　the　Ionians　to　the　king's　residence？〃　Hereupon　Aristagoras；　who　had　managed　the　rest　so　cleverly；　and　succeeded　in　deceiving　the　king；　tripped　in　his　speech　and　blundered；　for　instead　of　concealing　the　truth；　as　he　ought　to　have　done　if　he　wanted　to　induce　the　Spartans　to　cross　into　Asia；　he　said　plainly　that　it　was　a　journey　of　three　months。　Cleomenes　caught　at　the　words；　and；　preventing　Aristagoras　from　finishing　what　he　had　begun　to　say　concerning　the　road；　addressed　him　thus：…　〃Milesian　stranger；　quit　Sparta　before　sunset。　This　is　no　good　proposal　that　thou　makest　to　the　Lacedaemonians；　to　conduct　them　a　distance　of　three　months'　journey　from　the　sea。〃　When　he　had　thus　spoken；　Cleomenes　went　to　his　home。　　　　　But　Aristagoras　took　an　olive…bough　in　his　hand；　and　hastened　to　the　king's　house；　where　he　was　admitted　by　reason　of　his　suppliant's　pliant's　guise。　Gorgo；　the　daughter　of　Cleomenes；　and　his　only　child；　a　girl　of　about　eight　or　nine　years　of　age；　happened　to　be　there；　standing　by　her　father's　side。　Aristagoras；　seeing　her；　requested　Cleomenes　to　send　her　out　of　the　room　before　he　began　to　speak　with　him；　but　Cleomenes　told　him　to　say　on；　and　not　mind　the　child。　So　Aristagoras　began　with　a　promise　of　ten　talents　if　the　king　would　grant　him　his　request；　and　when　Cleomenes　shook　his　head；　continued　to　raise　his　offer　till　it　reached　fifty　talents；　whereupon　the　child　spoke：…　〃Father；〃　she　said；　〃get　up　and　go；　or　the　stranger　will　certainly　corrupt　thee。〃　Then　Cleomenes；　pleased　at　the　warning　of　his　child；　withdrew　and　went　into　another　room。　Aristagoras　quitted　Sparta　for　good；　not　being　able　to　discourse　any　more　concerning　the　road　which　led　up　to　the　king。　　　　　Now　the　true　account　of　the　road　in　question　is　the　following：…　Royal　stations　exist　along　its　whole　length；　and　excellent　caravanserais；　and　throughout；　it　traverses　an　inhabited　tract；　and　is　free　from　danger。　In　Lydia　and　Phrygia　there　are　twenty　stations　within　a　distance　Of　94　1/2　parasangs。　On　leaving　Phrygia　the　Halys　has　to　be　crossed；　and　here　are　gates　through　which　you　must　needs　pass　ere　you　can　traverse　the　stream。　A　strong　force　guards　this　post。　When　you　have　made　the　passage；　and　are　come　into　Cappadocia；　28　stations　and　104　parasangs　bring　you　to　the　borders　of　Cilicia；　where　the　road　passes　through　two　sets　of　gates；　at　each　of　which　there　is　a　guard　posted。　Leaving　these　behind；　you　go　on　through　Cilicia；　where　you　find　three　stations　in　a　distance　of　15　1/2　parasangs。　The　boundary　between　Cilicia　and　Armenia　is　the　river　Euphrates；　which　it　is　necessary　to　cross　in　boats。　In　Armenia　the　resting…places　are　15　in　number；　and　the　distance　is　56　1/2　parasangs。　There　is　one　place　where　a　guard　is　posted。　Four　large　streams　intersect　this　district；　all　of　which　have　to　be　crossed　by　means　of　boats。　The　first　of　these　is　the　Tigris；　the　second　and　the　third　have　both　of　them　the　same　name；　though　they　are　not　only　different　rivers；　but　do　not　even　run　from　the　same　place。　For　the　one　which　I　have　called　the　first　of　the　two　has　its　source　in　Armenia；　while　the　other　flows　afterwards　out　of　the　country　of　the　Matienians。　The　fourth　of　the　streams　is　called　the　Gyndes；　and　this　is　the　river　which　Cyrus　dispersed　by　digging　for　it　three　hundred　and　sixty　channels。　Leaving　Armenia　and　entering　the　Matienian　country；　you　have　four　stations；　these　passed　you　find　yourself　in　Cissia；　where　eleven　stations　and　42　1/2　parasangs　bring　you　to　another　navigable　stream；　the　Choaspes；　on　the　banks　of　which　the　city　of　Susa　is　built。　Thus　the　entire　number　of　the　stations　is　raised　to　one　hundred　and　eleven；　and　so　many　are　in　fact　the　resting…places　that　one　finds　between　Sardis　and　Susa。　　　　　If　then　the　royal　road　be　measured　aright；　and　the　parasang　equals；　as　it　does；　thirty　furlongs；　the　whole　distance　from　Sardis　to　the　palace　of　Memnon　（as　it　is　called）；　amounting　thus　to　450　parasangs；　would　be　13；500　furlongs。　Travelling　then　at　the　rate　of　150　furlongs　a　day；　one　will　take　exactly　ninety　days　to　perform　the　journey。　　　　　Thus　when　Aristagoras　the　Milesian　told　Cleomenes　the　Lacedaemonian　that　it　was　a　three　months'　journey　from　the　sea　up　to　the　king；　he　said　no　more　than　the　truth。　The　exact　distance　（if　any　one　desires　still　greater　accuracy）　is　somewhat　more；　for　the　journey　from　Ephesus　to　Sardis　must　be　added　to　the　foregoing　account；　and　this　will　make　the　whole　distance　between　the　Greek　Sea　and　Susa　（or　the　city　of　Memnon；　as　it　is　called）　14；040　furlongs；　since　Ephesus　is　distant　from　Sardis　540　furlongs。　This　would　add　three　days　to　the　three　months'　journey。　　　　　When　Aristagoras　left　Sparta　he　hastened　to　Athens；　which　had　got　quit　of　its　tyrants　in　the　way　that　I　will　now　describe。　After　the　death　of　Hipparchus　（the　son　of　Pisistratus；　and　brother　of　the　tyrant　Hippias）；　who；　in　spite　of　the　clear　warning　he　had　received　concerning　his　fate　in　a　dream；　was　slain　by　Harmodius　and　Aristogeiton　（men　both　of　the　race　of　the　Gephyraeans）；　the　oppression　of　the　Athenians　continued　by　the　space　of　four　years；　and　they　gained　nothing；　but　were　worse　used　than　before。　　　　　Now　the　dream　of　Hipparchus　was　the　following：…　The　night　before　the　Panathenaic　festival；　he　thought　he　saw　in　his　sleep　a　tall　and　beautiful　man；　who　stood　over　him；　and　read　him　the　following　riddle：…
  Bear　thou　unbearable　woes　with　the　all…bearing　heart　of　a　lion；　　　　　Never；　be　sure；　shall　wrong…doer　escape　the　reward　of　　　　　　　wrong…doing。
  As　soon　as　day　dawned　he　sent　and　submitted　his　dream　to　the　interpreters；　after　which　he　offered　the　averting　sacri