f　any　men；　who　have　a　set　place　in　the　middle　of　their　city；　where　they　come　together　to　cheat　each　other　and　forswear　themselves。　If　I　live；　the　Spartans　shall　have　troubles　enough　of　their　own　to　talk　of；　without　concerning　themselves　about　the　Ionians。〃　Cyrus　intended　these　words　as　a　reproach　against　all　the　Greeks；　because　of　their　having　market…places　where　they　buy　and　sell；　which　is　a　custom　unknown　to　the　Persians；　who　never　make　purchases　in　open　marts；　and　indeed　have　not　in　their　whole　country　a　single　market…place。　　　　　After　this　interview　Cyrus　quitted　Sardis；　leaving　the　city　under　the　charge　of　Tabalus；　a　Persian；　but　appointing　Pactyas；　a　native；　to　collect　the　treasure　belonging　to　Croesus　and　the　other　Lydians；　and　bring　after　him。　Cyrus　himself　proceeded　towards　Agbatana；　carrying　Croesus　along　with　him；　not　regarding　the　Ionians　as　important　enough　to　be　his　immediate　object。　Larger　designs　were　in　his　mind。　He　wished　to　war　in　person　against　Babylon；　the　Bactrians；　the　Sacae；　and　Egypt；　he　therefore　determined　to　assign　to　one　of　his　generals　the　task　of　conquering　the　Ionians。　　　　　No　sooner；　however；　was　Cyrus　gone　from　Sardis　than　Pactyas　induced　his　countrymen　to　rise　in　open　revolt　against　him　and　his　deputy　Tabalus。　With　the　vast　treasures　at　his　disposal　he　then　went　down　to　the　sea；　and　employed　them　in　hiring　mercenary　troops；　while　at　the　same　time　he　engaged　the　people　of　the　coast　to　enrol　themselves　in　his　army。　He　then　marched　upon　Sardis；　where　he　besieged　Tabalus；　who　shut　himself　up　in　the　citadel。　　　　　When　Cyrus；　on　his　way　to　Agbatana；　received　these　tidings；　he　returned　to　Croesus　and　said；　〃Where　will　all　this　end；　Croesus；　thinkest　thou？　It　seemeth　that　these　Lydians　will　not　cease　to　cause　trouble　both　to　themselves　and　others。　I　doubt　me　if　it　were　not　best　to　sell　them　all　for　slaves。　Methinks　what　I　have　now　done　is　as　if　a　man　were　to　'kill　the　father　and　then　spare　the　child。'　Thou；　who　wert　something　more　than　a　father　to　thy　people；　I　have　seized　and　carried　off；　and　to　that　people　I　have　entrusted　their　city。　Can　I　then　feel　surprise　at　their　rebellion？〃　Thus　did　Cyrus　open　to　Croesus　his　thoughts；　whereat　the　latter；　full　of　alarm　lest　Cyrus　should　lay　Sardis　in　ruins；　replied　as　follows：　〃Oh！　my　king；　thy　words　are　reasonable；　but　do　not；　I　beseech　thee；　give　full　vent　to　thy　anger；　nor　doom　to　destruction　an　ancient　city；　guiltless　alike　of　the　past　and　of　the　present　trouble。　I　caused　the　one；　and　in　my　own　person　now　pay　the　forfeit。　Pactyas　has　caused　the　other；　he　to　whom　thou　gavest　Sardis　in　charge；　let　him　bear　the　punishment。　Grant；　then；　forgiveness　to　the　Lydians；　and　to　make　sure　of　their　never　rebelling　against　thee；　or　alarming　thee　more；　send　and　forbid　them　to　keep　any　weapons　of　war；　command　them　to　wear　tunics　under　their　cloaks；　and　to　put　buskins　upon　their　legs；　and　make　them　bring　up　their　sons　to　cithern…playing；　harping；　and　shop…keeping。　So　wilt　thou　soon　see　them　become　women　instead　of　men；　and　there　will　be　no　more　fear　of　their　revolting　from　thee。〃　　　　　Croesus　thought　the　Lydians　would　even　so　be　better　off　than　if　they　were　sold　for　slaves；　and　therefore　gave　the　above　advice　to　Cyrus；　knowing　that；　unless　he　brought　forward　some　notable　suggestion；　he　would　not　be　able　to　persuade　him　to　alter　his　mind。　He　was　likewise　afraid　lest；　after　escaping　the　danger　which　now　pressed；　the　Lydians　at　some　future　time　might　revolt　from　the　Persians　and　so　bring　themselves　to　ruin。　The　advice　pleased　Cyrus；　who　consented　to　forego　his　anger　and　do　as　Croesus　had　said。　Thereupon　he　summoned　to　his　presence　a　certain　Mede；　Mazares　by　name；　and　charged　him　to　issue　orders　to　the　Lydians　in　accordance　with　the　terms　of　Croesus'　discourse。　Further；　he　commanded　him　to　sell　for　slaves　all　who　had　joined　the　Lydians　in　their　attack　upon　Sardis；　and　above　aught　else　to　be　sure　that　he　brought　Pactyas　with　him　alive　on　his　return。　Having　given　these　orders　Cyrus　continued　his　journey　towards　the　Persian　territory。　　　　　Pactyas；　when　news　came　of　the　near　approach　of　the　army　sent　against　him；　fled　in　terror　to　Cyme。　Mazares；　therefore；　the　Median　general；　who　had　marched　on　Sardis　with　a　detachment　of　the　army　of　Cyrus；　finding　on　his　arrival　that　Pactyas　and　his　troops　were　gone；　immediately　entered　the　town。　And　first　of　all　he　forced　the　Lydians　to　obey　the　orders　of　his　master；　and　change　（as　they　did　from　that　time）　their　entire　manner　of　living。　Next；　he　despatched　messengers　to　Cyme；　and　required　to　have　Pactyas　delivered　up　to　him。　On　this　the　Cymaeans　resolved　to　send　to　Branchidae　and　ask　the　advice　of　the　god。　Branchidae　is　situated　in　the　territory　of　Miletus；　above　the　port　of　Panormus。　There　was　an　oracle　there；　established　in　very　ancient　times；　which　both　the　Ionians　and　Aeolians　were　wont　often　to　consult。　　　　　Hither　therefore　the　Cymaeans　sent　their　deputies　to　make　inquiry　at　the　shrine；　〃What　the　gods　would　like　them　to　do　with　the　Lydian；　Pactyas？〃　The　oracle　told　them；　in　reply；　to　give　him　up　to　the　Persians。　With　this　answer　the　messengers　returned；　and　the　people　of　Cymd　were　ready　to　surrender　him　accordingly；　but　as　they　were　preparing　to　do　so；　Aristodicus；　son　of　Heraclides；　a　citizen　of　distinction；　hindered　them。　He　declared　that　he　distrusted　the　response；　and　believed　that　the　messengers　had　reported　it　falsely；　until　at　last　another　embassy；　of　which　Aristodicus　himself　made　part；　was　despatched；　to　repeat　the　former　inquiry　concerning　Pactyas。　　　　　On　their　arrival　at　the　shrine　of　the　god；　Aristodicus；　speaking　on　behalf　of　the　whole　body；　thus　addressed　the　oracle：　〃Oh！　king；　Pactyas　the　Lydian；　threatened　by　the　Persians　with　a　violent　death；　has　come　to　us　for　sanctuary；　and　lo；　they　ask　him　at　our　hands；　calling　upon　our　nation　to　deliver　him　up。　Now；　though　we　greatly　dread　the　Persian　power；　yet　have　we　not　been　bold　to　give　up　our　suppliant；　till　we　have　certain　knowledge　of　thy　mind；　what　thou　wouldst　have　us　to　do。〃　The　oracle　thus　questioned　gave　the　same　answer　as　before；　bidding　them　surrender　Pactyas　to　the　Persians；　whereupon　Aristodicus；　who　had　come　prepared　for　such　an　answer；　proceeded　to　make　the　circuit　of　the　temple；　and　to　take　all　the　nests　of　young　sparrows　and　other　birds　that　he　could　find　about　the　building。　As　he　was　thus　employed；　a　voice；　it　is　said；　came　forth　from　the　inner　sanctuary；　addressing　Aristodicus　in　these　words：　〃Most　impious　of　men；　what　is　this　thou　hast　the　face　to　do？　Dost　thou　tear　my　suppliants　from　my　temple？〃　Aristodicus；　at　no　loss　for　a　reply；　rejoined；　〃Oh；　king；　art　thou　so　ready　to　protect　thy　suppliants；　and　dost　thou　command　the　Cymaeans　to　give　up　a　suppliant？〃　〃Yes；〃　returned　the　god；　〃I　do　command　it；　that　so　for　the　impiety　you　may　the　sooner　perish；　and　not　come　here　again　to　consult　my　oracle　about　the　surrender　of　suppliants。〃　　　　　On　the　receipt　of　this　answer　the　Cymaeans；　unwilling　to　bring　the　threatened　destruction　on　themselves　by　giving　up　the　man；　and　afraid　of　having　to　endure　a　siege　if　they　continued　to　harbour　him；　sent　Pactyas　away　to　Mytilene。　On　this　Mazares　despatched　envoys　to　the　Mytilenaeans　to　demand　the　fugitive　of　them；　and　they　were　preparing　to　give　him　up　for　a　reward　（I　cannot　say　with　certainty　how　large；　as　the　bargain　was　not　completed）；　when　the　Cymaeans　hearing　what　the　Mytilenaeans　were　about；　sent　a　vessel　to　Lesbos；　and　conveyed　away　Pactyas　to　Chios。　From　hence　it　was　that　he　was　surrendered。　The　Chians　dragged　him　from　the　temple　of　Minerva　Poliuchus　and　gave　him　up　to　the　Persians；　on　condition　of　receiving　the　district　of　Atarneus；　a　tract　of　Mysia　opposite　to　Lesbos；　as　the　price　of　the　surrender。　Thus　did　Pactyas　fall　into　the　hands　of　his　pursuers；　who　kept　a　strict　watch　upon　him　that　they　might　be　able　to　produce　him　before　Cyrus。　For　a　long　time　afterwards　none　of　the　Chians　would　use　the　barley　of　Atarneus　to　place　on　the　heads　of　victims；　or　make　sacrificial　cakes　of　the　corn　grown　there；　but　the　whole　produce　of　the　land　was　excluded　from　all　their　temples。　　　　　Meanwhile　Mazares；　after　he　had　recovered　Pactyas　from　the　Chians；　made　war　upon　those　who　had　taken　part　in　the　attack　on　Tabalus；　and　in　the　first　place　took　Priene　and　sold　the　inhabitants　for　slaves；　after　which　he　overran　the　whole　plain　of　the　Maeander　and　the　district　of　Magnesia；　both　of　which　he　gave　up　for　pillage　to　the　soldiery。　He　then　suddenly　sickened　and　died。　　　　　Upon　his　death　Harpagus　was　sent　down　to　the　coast　to　succeed　to　his　command。　He　also　was　of　the　race　of　the　Medes；　being　the　man　whom　the　Median　king；　Astyages；　feasted　at　the　unholy　banquet；　and　who　lent　his　aid　to　Place　Cyrus　upon　the　throne。　Appointed　by　Cyrus　to　conduct　the　war　in　these　parts；　he　entered　Ionia；　and　took　the　cities　by　means　of　mounds。　Forcing　the　enemy　to　shut　themselves　up　within　their　defences；　he　heaped　mounds　of　earth　against　their　walls；　and　thus　carried　the　towns。　Phocaea　was　the　city　against　which　he　directed　his　first　attack。　　　　　Now　the　Phocaeans　were　the　first　of　the　Greeks　who　performed　long　voyages；　and　it　was　they　who　made　the　Greeks　acquainted　with　the　Adriatic　and　with　Tyrrhenia；　with　Iberia；　and　the　city　of　Tartessus。　The　vessel　which　they　used　in　their　voyages　wa