第 7 节
作者:恐龙王      更新:2021-02-21 14:13      字数:9322
  inhabitants;   the   various   fur   companies   had   paramount   influence。          They
  did   not   hesitate   to   impress   the   Indians   with   the   idea   that   they   were   the
  authorized   representatives   of   the   white   races   or   peoples;   and   they   were
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  quick   to   realize   the   desirability   of   controlling   the   natives   through   their
  most     influential    chiefs。    Little    Crow     became      quite   popular     with   post
  traders and factors。         He was an orator as well as a diplomat; and one of
  the    first  of   his   nation     to   indulge     in  politics    and   promote      unstable
  schemes to the detriment of his people。
  When       the   United     States    Government        went     into   the   business     of
  acquiring territory from the Indians so that the flood of western settlement
  might not be checked; commissions were sent out to negotiate treaties; and
  in case of failure it often happened that a delegation of leading men of the
  tribe   were   invited   to   Washington。        At   that   period;   these   visiting   chiefs;
  attired in all the splendor of their costumes of ceremony; were treated like
  ambassadors from foreign countries。
  One   winter   in   the   late   eighteen…fifties;   a   major   general   of   the   army
  gave   a   dinner  to   the  Indian   chiefs   then   in   the  city;   and   on   this   occasion
  Little Crow was appointed toastmaster。                 There were present a number of
  Senators   and   members   of   Congress;   as   well   as   judges   of   the   Supreme
  Court;   cabinet   officers;   and   other   distinguished   citizens。          When   all   the
  guests were seated; the Sioux arose and addressed them with much dignity
  as follows:
  〃Warriors   and   friends:   I   am   informed   that   the   great   white   war   chief
  who     of   his   generosity     and    comradeship       has   given    us   this   feast;  has
  expressed the wish that we may follow to…night the usages and customs of
  my   people。      In   other   words;  this   is   a   warriors'   feast;   a  braves'   meal。   I
  call upon the Ojibway chief; the Hole…in…the…Day; to give the lone wolf's
  hunger call; after which we will join him in our usual manner。〃
  The tall and handsome Ojibway now rose and straightened his superb
  form   to   utter   one   of   the   clearest   and   longest   wolf   howls   that   was   ever
  heard   in   Washington;   and   at   its   close   came   a   tremendous   burst   of   war
  whoops that fairly rent the air; and no doubt electrified the officials there
  present。
  On one   occasion   Little Crow  was invited by  the   commander   of   Fort
  Ridgeley;   Minnesota;   to   call   at   the   fort。    On   his   way  back;   in   company
  with     a  half…breed      named     Ross     and   the   interpreter     Mitchell;     he   was
  ambushed   by  a   party  of   Ojibways;   and   again   wounded   in   the   same   arm
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  that had been broken in his attempted assassination。               His companion Ross
  was killed; but he managed to hold the war party at bay until help came
  and thus saved his life。
  More and more as time passed; this naturally brave and ambitious man
  became a prey to the selfish interests of the traders and politicians。                 The
  immediate causes of the Sioux outbreak of 1862 came in quick succession
  to inflame to desperate action an outraged people。               The two bands on the
  so…called 〃lower reservations〃 in Minnesota were Indians for whom nature
  had provided most abundantly in their free existence。                After one hundred
  and    fifty   years  of  friendly   intercourse     first  with  the  French;    then   the
  English;   and   finally   the Americans;   they   found   themselves   cut   off   from
  every natural resource; on a tract of land twenty miles by thirty; which to
  them      was    virtual   imprisonment。         By     treaty    stipulation    with    the
  government; they were to be fed and clothed; houses were to be built for
  them;  the   men   taught   agriculture;   and   schools provided   for the   children。
  In addition to this; a trust fund of a million and a half was to be set aside
  for   them;   at   five   per   cent   interest;   the   interest   to   be   paid   annually   per
  capita。     They   had   signed   the   treaty   under   pressure;   believing   in   these
  promises on the faith of a great nation。
  However; on entering the new life; the resources so rosily described to
  them failed to materialize。         Many families faced starvation every winter;
  their only support the store of the Indian trader; who was baiting his trap
  for their destruction。       Very gradually they awoke to the facts。             At last it
  was   planned   to   secure   from   them   the   north   half   of   their   reservation   for
  ninety…eight thousand dollars; but it was not explained to the Indians that
  the traders were to receive all the money。             Little Crow made the greatest
  mistake of his life when he signed this agreement。
  Meanwhile; to make matters worse; the cash annuities were not paid
  for nearly two years。         Civil War had begun。          When it was learned that
  the traders had taken all of the ninety…eight thousand dollars 〃on account〃;
  there was very bitter feeling。        In fact; the heads of the leading stores were
  afraid to go about as usual; and most of them stayed in St。 Paul。                    Little
  Crow was justly held in part responsible for the deceit; and his life was not
  safe。
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  The   murder   of   a   white   family   near Acton;   Minnesota;   by   a   party   of
  Indian duck hunters in August; 1862; precipitated the break。                 Messengers
  were sent to every village with the news; and at the villages of Little Crow
  and   Little   Six   the   war   council   was   red…hot。    It   was   proposed   to   take
  advantage   of   the   fact   that   north   and   south   were   at   war   to   wipe   out   the
  white settlers and to regain their freedom。             A few men stood out against
  such a desperate step; but the conflagration had gone beyond their control。
  There were many mixed bloods among these Sioux; and some of the
  Indians held that these were accomplices of the white people in robbing
  them of their possessions; therefore their lives should not be spared。                  My
  father; Many  Lightnings;  who was practically  the leader of   the  Mankato
  band (for Mankato; the chief; was a weak man); fought desperately for the
  lives    of  the  half…breeds     and   the   missionaries。     The     chiefs   had   great
  confidence   in   my   father;   yet   they   would   not   commit   themselves;   since
  their braves were clamoring for blood。             Little Crow had been accused of
  all the misfortunes of his tribe; and he now hoped by leading them against
  the whites to regain his prestige with his people; and a part at least of their
  lost domain。
  There were moments when the pacifists were in grave peril。                     It was
  almost daybreak when my father saw that the approaching calamity could
  not be prevented。        He and two others said to Little Crow: 〃If you   want
  war; you must personally lead your men to…morrow。                   We will not murder
  women   and   children;   but   we   will   fight   the   soldiers   when   they   come。〃
  They     then   left  the   council   and    hastened    to  warn    my    brother…in…law;
  Faribault; and others who were in danger。
  Little Crow declared he would be seen in the front of every battle; and
  it is true that he was foremost in all the succeeding bloodshed; urging his
  warriors to spare none。        He ordered his war leader; Many Hail; to fire the
  first shot; killing the trader James Lynd; in the door of his store。
  After    a  year   of   fighting   in   which    he   had   met    with   defeat;   the
  discredited chief retreated to Fort Garry; now Winnipeg; Manitoba; where;
  together with Standing Buffalo; he undertook secret negotiations with his
  old friends the Indian traders。         There was now a price upon his head; but
  he planned to reach St。 Paul undetected and there surrender himself to his
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  friends; who he hoped would protect