The　priests　were　alarmed　at　the　thought　that　the　common　people　would　now　be
  able　to　discuss　with　them　the　precepts　of　God's　word；　and　that　their　own
  ignorance　would　thus　be　exposed。　The　weapons　of　their　carnal　reasoning　were
  powerless　against　the　sword　of　the　Spirit。　Rome　summoned　all　her　authority
  to　prevent　the　circulation　of　the　Scriptures；　but　decrees；　anathemas；　and
  tortures　were　alike　in　vain。　The　more　she　condemned　and　prohibited　the
  Bible；　the　greater　was　the　anxiety　of　the　people　to　know　what　it　really
  taught。　All　who　could　read　were　eager　to　study　the　word　of　God　for
  themselves。　They　carried　it　about　with　them；　and　read　and　reread；　and　could
  not　be　satisfied　until　they　had　committed　large　portions　to　memory。　Seeing
  the　favor　with　which　the　New　Testament　was　received；　Luther　immediately
  began　the　translation　of　the　Old；　and　published　it　in　parts　as　fast　as
  completed。
  Luther's　writings　were　welcomed　alike　in　city　and　in　hamlet。　〃What　Luther
  and　his　friends　composed；　others　circulated。　Monks；　convinced　of　the
  unlawfulness　of　monastic　obligations；　desirous　of　exchanging　a　long　life　of
  slothfulness　for　one　of　active　exertion；　but　too　ignorant　to　proclaim　the
  word　of　God；　traveled　through　the　provinces；　visiting　hamlets　and　cottages；
  where　they　sold　the　books　of　Luther　and　his　friends。　Germany　soon　swarmed
  with　these　bold　colporteurs。〃　Ibid。；　b。　9；　ch。　11。
  These　writings　were　studied　with　deep　interest　by　rich　and　poor；　the　learned
  and　the　ignorant。　At　night　the　teachers　of　the　village　schools　read　them
  aloud　to　little　groups　gathered　at　the　fireside。　With　every　effort　some
  souls　would　be　convicted　of　the　truth　and；　receiving　the　word　with　gladness；
  would　in　their　turn　tell　the　good　news　to　others。
  195
  The　words　of　Inspiration　were　verified：　〃The　entrance　of　Thy　words　giveth
  light；　it　giveth　understanding　unto　the　simple。〃　Psalm　119：130。　The　study　of
  the　Scriptures　was　working　a　mighty　change　in　the　minds　and　hearts　of　the
  people。　The　papal　rule　had　placed　upon　its　subjects　an　iron　yoke　which　held
  them　in　ignorance　and　degradation。　A　superstitious　observance　of　forms　had
  been　scrupulously　maintained；　but　in　all　their　service　the　heart　and
  intellect　had　had　little　part。　The　preaching　of　Luther；　setting　forth　the
  plain　truths　of　God's　word；　and　then　the　word　itself；　placed　in　the　hands　of
  the　common　people；　had　aroused　their　dormant　powers；　not　only　purifying　and
  ennobling　the　spiritual　nature；　but　imparting　new　strength　and　vigor　to　the
  intellect。
  Persons　of　all　ranks　were　to　be　seen　with　the　Bible　in　their　hands；
  defending　the　doctrines　of　the　Reformation。　The　papists　who　had　left　the
  study　of　the　Scriptures　to　the　priests　and　monks　now　called　upon　them　to
  come　forward　and　refute　the　new　teachings。　But；　ignorant　alike　of　the
  Scriptures　and　of　the　power　of　God；　priests　and　friars　were　totally　defeated
  by　those　whom　they　had　denounced　as　unlearned　and　heretical。　〃Unhappily；〃
  said　a　Catholic　writer；　〃Luther　had　persuaded　his　followers　to　put　no　faith
  in　any　other　oracle　than　the　Holy　Scriptures。〃D'Aubigne；　b。　9；　ch。　11。
  Crowds　would　gather　to　hear　the　truth　advocated　by　men　of　little　education；
  and　even　discussed　by　them　with　learned　and　eloquent　theologians。　The
  shameful　ignorance　of　these　great　men　was　made　apparent　as　their　arguments
  were　met　by　the　simple　teachings　of　God's　word。　Laborers；　soldiers；　women；
  and　even　children；　were　better　acquainted　with　the　Bible　teachings　than　were
  the　priests　and　learned　doctors。
  The　contrast　between　the　disciples　of　the　gospel　and　the　upholders　of　popish
  superstition　was　no　less　manifest　in　the　ranks　of　scholars　than　among　the
  common　people。　〃Opposed　to　the　old　champions　of　the　hierarchy；　who　had
  neglected
  196
  the　study　of　languages　and　the　cultivation　of　literature；　。　。　。　were
  generous…minded　youth；　devoted　to　study；　investigating　Scripture；　and
  familiarizing　themselves　with　the　masterpieces　of　antiquity。　Possessing　an
  active　mind；　an　elevated　soul；　and　intrepid　heart；　these　young　men　soon
  acquired　such　knowledge　that　for　a　long　period　none　could　compete　with　them。
  。　。　。　Accordingly；　when　these　youthful　defenders　of　the　Reformation　met　the
  Romish　doctors　in　any　assembly；　they　attacked　them　with　such　ease　and
  confidence　that　these　ignorant　men　hesitated；　became　embarrassed；　and　fell
  into　a　contempt　merited　in　the　eyes　of　all。〃Ibid。；　b。　9；　ch。　11。
  As　the　Romish　clergy　saw　their　congregations　diminishing；　they　invoked　the
  aid　of　the　magistrates；　and　by　every　means　in　their　power　endeavored　to
  bring　back　their　hearers。　But　the　people　had　found　in　the　new　teachings　that
  which　supplied　the　wants　of　their　souls；　and　they　turned　away　from　those　who
  had　so　long　fed　them　with　the　worthless　husks　of　superstitious　rites　and
  human　traditions。
  When　persecution　was　kindled　against　the　teachers　of　the　truth；　they　gave
  heed　to　the　words　of　Christ：　〃When　they　persecute　you　in　this　city；　flee　ye
  into　another。〃　Matthew　10：23。　The　light　penetrated　everywhere。　The　fugitives
  would　find　somewhere　a　hospitable　door　opened　to　them；　and　there　abiding；
  they　would　preach　Christ；　sometimes　in　the　church；　or；　if　denied　that
  privilege；　in　private　houses　or　in　the　open　air。　Wherever　they　could　obtain
  a　hearing　was　a　consecrated　temple。　The　truth；　proclaimed　with　such　energy
  and　assurance；　spread　with　irresistible　power。
  In　vain　both　ecclesiastical　and　civil　authorities　were　invoked　to　crush　the
  heresy。　In　vain　they　resorted　to　imprisonment；　torture；　fire；　and　sword。
  Thousands　of　believers　sealed　their　faith　with　their　blood；　and　yet　the　work
  went　on。　Persecution　served　only　to　extend　the　truth；　and　the　fanaticism
  which　Satan　endeavored　to　unite　with　it　resulted　in　making　more　clear　the
  contrast　between　the　work　of　Satan　and　the　work　of　God。
  （197）
  Chapter　11
  Protest　of　the　Princes
  One　of　the　noblest　testimonies　ever　uttered　for　the　Reformation　was　the
  Protest　offered　by　the　Christian　princes　of　Germany　at　the　Diet　of　Spires　in
  1529。　The　courage；　faith；　and　firmness　of　those　men　of　God　gained　for
  succeeding　ages　liberty　of　thought　and　of　conscience。　Their　Protest　gave　to
  the　reformed　church　the　name　of　Protestant；　its　principles　are　〃the　very
  essence　of　Protestantism。〃D'Aubigne；　b。　13；　ch。　6。
  A　dark　and　threatening　day　had　come　for　the　Reformation。　Notwithstanding　the
  Edict　of　Worms；　declaring　Luther　to　be　an　outlaw　and　forbidding　the　teaching
  or　belief　of　his　doctrines；　religious　toleration　had　thus　far　prevailed　in
  the　empire。　God's　providence　had　held　in　check　the　forces　that　opposed　the
  truth。　Charles　V　was　bent　on　crushing　the　Reformation；　but　often　as　he
  raised　his　hand　to　strike　he　had　been　forced　to　turn　aside　the　blow。　Again
  and　again　the　immediate　destruction　of　all　who　dared　to　oppose　themselves　to
  Rome　appeared　inevitable；　but　at　the　critical　moment　the　armies　of　the　Turk
  appeared　on　the　eastern　frontier；　or　the　king　of　France；　or　even　the　pope
  himself；　jealous　of　the　increasing　greatness　of　the　emperor；　made　war　upon
  him；　and　thus；　amid　the　strife　and　tumult　of　nations；　the　Reformation　had
  been　left　to　strengthen　and　extend。
  At　last；　however；　the　papal　sovereigns　had　stifled　their　feuds；　that　they
  might　make　common　cause　against　the　Reformers。　The　Diet　of　Spires　in　1526
  had　given　each　state　full　liberty　in　matters　of　religion　until　the　meeting
  of　a　general
  198
  council；　but　no　sooner　had　the　dangers　passed　which　secured　this　concession；
  than　the　emperor　summoned　a　second　Diet　to　convene　at　Spires　in　1529　for　the
  purpose　of　crushing　heresy。　The　princes　were　to　be　induced；　by　peaceable
  means　if　possible；　to　side　against　the　Reformation；　but　if　these　failed；
  Charles　was　prepared　to　resort　to　the　sword。
  The　papists　were　exultant。　They　appeared　at　Spires　in　great　numbers；　and
  openly　manifested　their　hostility　toward　the　Reformers　and　all　who　favored
  them。　Said　Melanchthon：　〃We　are　the　execration　and　the　sweepings　of　the
  world；　but　Christ　will　look　down　on　His　poor　people；　and　will　preserve
  them。〃Ibid。；　b。　13；　ch。　5。　The　evangelical　princes　in　attendance　at　the
  Diet　were　forbidden　even　to　have　the　gospel　preached　in　their　dwellings。　But
  the　people　of　Spires　thirsted　for　the　word　of　God；　and；　notwithstanding　the
  prohibition；　thousands　flocked　to　the　services　held　in　the　chapel　of　the
  elector　of　Saxony。
  This　hastened　the　crisis。　An　imperial　message　announced　to　the　Diet　that　as
  the　resolution　granting　liberty　of　conscience　had　given　rise　to　great
  disorders；　the　emperor　required　that　it　be　annulled。　This　arbitrary　act
  excited　the　indignation　and　alarm　of　the　evangelical　Christians。　Said　one：
  〃Christ　has　again　fallen　into　the　hands　of　Caiaphas　and　Pilate。〃　The
  Romanists　became　more　violent。　A　bigoted　papist　declared：　〃The　Turks　are
  better　than　the　Lutherans；　for　the　Turks　observe　fast　days；　and　the
  Lutherans　violate　them。　If　we　must　choose　between　the　Holy　Scriptures　of　God
  and　the　old　errors　of　the　church；　we　should　reject　the　former。〃　Said
  Melanch