University　of　Prague　caused　the　withdrawal　of　hundreds　of　German　students。
  Many　of　them　had　received　from　Huss　their　first　knowledge　of　the　Bible；　and
  on　their　return　they　spread　the　gospel　in　their　fatherland。
  Tidings　of　the　work　at　Prague　were　carried　to　Rome；　and　Huss　was　soon
  summoned　to　appear　before　the　pope。　To　obey　would　be　to　expose　himself　to
  certain　death。　The　king　and　queen　of　Bohemia；　the　university；　members　of　the
  nobility；　and　officers　of　the　government　united　in　an　appeal　to　the　pontiff
  that　Huss　be　permitted　to　remain　at　Prague　and　to　answer　at　Rome　by　deputy。
  Instead　of　granting　this　request；　the　pope　proceeded　to　the　trial　and
  condemnation　of　Huss；　and　then　declared　the　city　of　Prague　to　be　under
  interdict。
  101
  In　that　age　this　sentence；　whenever　pronounced；　created　widespread　alarm。
  The　ceremonies　by　which　it　was　accompanied　were　well　adapted　to　strike
  terror　to　a　people　who　looked　upon　the　pope　as　the　representative　of　God
  Himself；　holding　the　keys　of　heaven　and　hell；　and　possessing　power　to　invoke
  temporal　as　well　as　spiritual　judgments。　It　was　believed　that　the　gates　of
  heaven　were　closed　against　the　region　smitten　with　interdict；　that　until　it
  should　please　the　pope　to　remove　the　ban；　the　dead　were　shut　out　from　the
  abodes　of　bliss。　In　token　of　this　terrible　calamity；　all　the　services　of
  religion　were　suspended。　The　churches　were　closed。　Marriages　were　solemnized
  in　the　churchyard。　The　dead；　denied　burial　in　consecrated　ground；　were
  interred；　without　the　rites　of　sepulture；　in　the　ditches　or　the　fields。　Thus
  by　measures　which　appealed　to　the　imagination；　Rome　essayed　to　control　the
  consciences　of　men。
  The　city　of　Prague　was　filled　with　tumult。　A　large　class　denounced　Huss　as
  the　cause　of　all　their　calamities　and　demanded　that　he　be　given　up　to　the
  vengeance　of　Rome。　To　quiet　the　storm；　the　Reformer　withdrew　for　a　time　to
  his　native　village。　Writing　to　the　friends　whom　he　had　left　at　Prague；　he
  said：　〃If　I　have　withdrawn　from　the　midst　of　you；　it　is　to　follow　the
  precept　and　example　of　Jesus　Christ；　in　order　not　to　give　room　to　the
  ill…minded　to　draw　on　themselves　eternal　condemnation；　and　in　order　not　to
  be　to　the　pious　a　cause　of　affliction　and　persecution。　I　have　retired　also
  through　an　apprehension　that　impious　priests　might　continue　for　a　longer
  time　to　prohibit　the　preaching　of　the　word　of　God　amongst　you；　but　I　have
  not　quitted　you　to　deny　the　divine　truth；　for　which；　with　God's　assistance；
  I　am　willing　to　die。〃Bonnechose；　The　Reformers　Before　the　Reformation；
  vol。　1；　p。　87。　Huss　did　not　cease　his　labors；　but　traveled　through　the
  surrounding　country；　preaching　to　eager　crowds。　Thus　the　measures　to　which
  the　pope　resorted　to　suppress　the　gospel　were　causing　it　to　be　the　more
  widely　extended。　〃We　can　do　nothing　against　the　truth；　but　for　the　truth。〃　2
  Corinthians　13：8。
  102
  〃The　mind　of　Huss；　at　this　stage　of　his　career；　would　seem　to　have　been　the
  scene　of　a　painful　conflict。　Although　the　church　was　seeking　to　overwhelm
  him　by　her　thunderbolts；　he　had　not　renounced　her　authority。　The　Roman
  Church　was　still　to　him　the　spouse　of　Christ；　and　the　pope　was　the
  representative　and　vicar　of　God。　What　Huss　was　warring　against　was　the　abuse
  of　authority；　not　the　principle　itself。　This　brought　on　a　terrible　conflict
  between　the　convictions　of　his　understanding　and　the　claims　of　his
  conscience。　If　the　authority　was　just　and　infallible；　as　he　believed　it　to
  be；　how　came　it　that　he　felt　compelled　to　disobey　it？　To　obey；　he　saw；　was
  to　sin；　but　why　should　obedience　to　an　infallible　church　lead　to　such　an
  issue？　This　was　the　problem　he　could　not　solve；　this　was　the　doubt　that
  tortured　him　hour　by　hour。　The　nearest　approximation　to　a　solution　which　he
  was　able　to　make　was　that　it　had　happened　again；　as　once　before　in　the　days
  of　the　Saviour；　that　the　priests　of　the　church　had　become　wicked　persons　and
  were　using　their　lawful　authority　for　unlawful　ends。　This　led　him　to　adopt
  for　his　own　guidance；　and　to　preach　to　others　for　theirs；　the　maxim　that　the
  precepts　of　Scripture；　conveyed　through　the　understanding；　are　to　rule　the
  conscience；　in　other　words；　that　God　speaking　in　the　Bible；　and　not　the
  church　speaking　through　the　priesthood；　is　the　one　infallible
  guide。〃Wylie；　b。　3；　ch。　2。
  When　after　a　time　the　excitement　in　Prague　subsided；　Huss　returned　to　his
  chapel　of　Bethlehem；　to　continue　with　greater　zeal　and　courage　the　preaching
  of　the　word　of　God。　His　enemies　were　active　and　powerful；　but　the　queen　and
  many　of　the　nobles　were　his　friends；　and　the　people　in　great　numbers　sided
  with　him。　Comparing　his　pure　and　elevating　teachings　and　holy　life　with　the
  degrading　dogmas　which　the　Romanists　preached；　and　the　avarice　and
  debauchery　which　they　practiced；　many　regarded　it　an　honor　to　be　on　his
  side。
  Hitherto　Huss　had　stood　alone　in　his　labors；　but　now　Jerome；　who　while　in
  England　had　accepted　the　teachings　of　Wycliffe；　joined　in　the　work　of
  reform。　The　two　were
  103
  hereafter　united　in　their　lives；　and　in　death　they　were　not　to　be　divided。
  Brilliancy　of　genius；　eloquence　and　learninggifts　that　win　popular
  favorwere　possessed　in　a　pre…eminent　degree　by　Jerome；　but　in　those
  qualities　which　constitute　real　strength　of　character；　Huss　was　the　greater。
  His　calm　judgment　served　as　a　restraint　upon　the　impulsive　spirit　of　Jerome；
  who；　with　true　humility；　perceived　his　worth；　and　yielded　to　his　counsels。
  Under　their　united　labors　the　reform　was　more　rapidly　extended。
  God　permitted　great　light　to　shine　upon　the　minds　of　these　chosen　men；
  revealing　to　them　many　of　the　errors　of　Rome；　but　they　did　not　receive　all
  the　light　that　was　to　be　given　to　the　world。　Through　these；　His　servants；
  God　was　leading　the　people　out　of　the　darkness　of　Romanism；　but　there　were
  many　and　great　obstacles　for　them　to　meet；　and　He　led　them　on；　step　by　step；
  as　they　could　bear　it。　They　were　not　prepared　to　receive　all　the　light　at
  once。　Like　the　full　glory　of　the　noontide　sun　to　those　who　have　long　dwelt
  in　darkness；　it　would；　if　presented；　have　caused　them　to　turn　away。
  Therefore　He　revealed　it　to　the　leaders　little　by　little；　as　it　could　be
  received　by　the　people。　From　century　to　century；　other　faithful　workers　were
  to　follow；　to　lead　the　people　on　still　further　in　the　path　of　reform。
  The　schism　in　the　church　still　continued。　Three　popes　were　now　contending
  for　the　supremacy；　and　their　strife　filled　Christendom　with　crime　and
  tumult。　Not　content　with　hurling　anathemas；　they　resorted　to　temporal
  weapons。　Each　cast　about　him　to　purchase　arms　and　to　obtain　soldiers。　Of
  course　money　must　be　had；　and　to　procure　this；　the　gifts；　offices；　and
  blessings　of　the　church　were　offered　for　sale。　（See　Appendix　note　for　page
  59。）　The　priests　also；　imitating　their　superiors；　resorted　to　simony　and　war
  to　humble　their　rivals　and　strengthen　their　own　power。　With　daily　increasing
  boldness　Huss　thundered　against　the　abominations　which　were　tolerated　in　the
  name　of　religion；　and　the　people　openly　accused　the　Romish　leaders　as　the
  cause　of　the　miseries　that　overwhelmed　Christendom。
  104
  Again　the　city　of　Prague　seemed　on　the　verge　of　a　bloody　conflict。　As　in
  former　ages；　God's　servant　was　accused　as　〃he　that　troubleth　Israel。〃　1
  Kings　18：17。　The　city　was　again　placed　under　interdict；　and　Huss　withdrew　to
  his　native　village。　The　testimony　so　faithfully　borne　from　his　loved　chapel
  of　Bethlehem　was　ended。　He　was　to　speak　from　a　wider　stage；　to　all
  Christendom；　before　laying　down　his　life　as　a　witness　for　the　truth。
  To　cure　the　evils　that　were　distracting　Europe；　a　general　council　was
  summoned　to　meet　at　Constance。　The　council　was　called　at　the　desire　of　the
  emperor　Sigismund；　by　one　of　the　three　rival　popes；　John　XXIII。　The　demand
  for　a　council　had　been　far　from　welcome　to　Pope　John；　whose　character　and
  policy　could　ill　bear　investigation；　even　by　prelates　as　lax　in　morals　as
  were　the　churchmen　of　those　times。　He　dared　not；　however；　oppose　the　will　of
  Sigismund。　（See　Appendix。）
  The　chief　objects　to　be　accomplished　by　the　council　were　to　heal　the　schism
  in　the　church　and　to　root　out　heresy。　Hence　the　two　antipopes　were　summoned
  to　appear　before　it；　as　well　as　the　leading　propagator　of　the　new　opinions；
  John　Huss。　The　former；　having　regard　to　their　own　safety；　did　not　attend　in
  person；　but　were　represented　by　their　delegates。　Pope　John；　while　ostensibly
  the　convoker　of　the　council；　came　to　it　with　many　misgivings；　suspecting　the
  emperor's　secret　purpose　to　depose　him；　and　fearing　to　be　brought　to　account
  for　the　vices　which　had　disgraced　the　tiara；　as　well　as　for　the　crimes　which
  had　secured　it。　Yet　he　made　his　entry　into　the　city　of　Constance　with　great
  pomp；　attended　by　ecclesiastics　of　the　highest　rank　and　followed　by　a　train
  of　courtiers。　All　the　clergy　and　dignitaries　of　the　city；　with　an　immense
  crowd　of　citizens；　went　out　to　welcome　him。　Above　his　head　was　a　golden
  canopy；　borne　by　four　of　the　chief　magistrates。　The　host　was　carried　before
  him；　and　the　rich　dresses　of　the　cardinals　an