第 29 节
作者:你妹找1      更新:2021-02-21 11:56      字数:8418
  still in use。 '2' The poem may be read in two ways; several of the phrases
  having   a    double    meaning。   But     the   art  of   its  construction   would     need
  considerable   space   to   explain;   and   could   scarcely   interest   the   Western
  reader。   The   meaning   which   Tomotada   desired   to   convey   might   be   thus
  expressed:   〃While   journeying   to   visit   my   mother;   I   met   with   a   being
  lovely as a flower; and for the sake of that lovely person; I am passing the
  day   here。。。   Fair   one;   wherefore   that   dawn…like   blush   before   the   hour   of
  dawn?  can it mean that you love me?〃 '3' Another reading is possible;
  but   this   one   gives   the   signification   of   the   answer   intended。   '4'   So   the
  Japanese   story…teller   would   have   us   believe;   although   the   verses   seem
  commonplace          in  translation。    I  have   tried   to  give    only   their   general
  meaning: an effective literal translation would require some scholarship。
  JIU…ROKU…ZAKURA (1) Present…day Ehime Prefecture。
  THE DREAM OF AKINOSUKE (1) Present…day Nara Prefecture。 '1'
  This   name   〃Tokoyo〃   is   indefinite。       According   to   circumstances   it      may
  signify any unknown country; or that undiscovered country from whose
  bourn     no   traveler   returns;   or  that   Fairyland    of  far…eastern    fable;   the
  Realm      of  Horai。    The    term   〃Kokuo〃      means     the  ruler   of  a   country;
  therefore     a   king。   The    original   phrase;    Tokoyo     no   Kokuo;      might    be
  rendered here as 〃the Ruler of Horai;〃 or 〃the King of Fairyland。〃 '2' The
  last phrase; according to old custom; had to be uttered by both attendants
  at the same time。 All these ceremonial observances can still be studied on
  the   Japanese   stage。   '3' This   was   the   name   given   to   the   estrade;   or   dais;
  upon which a feudal prince or ruler sat in state。 The term literally signifies
  〃great seat。〃
  112
  … Page 113…
  KWAIDAN: Stories and Studies of Strange Things
  RIKI…BAKA  (1)   Kana:   the   Japanese   phonetic   alphabet。   (2)   〃So…and…
  so〃: appellation used by Hearn in place of the real name。 (3) A section of
  Tokyo。 '1' A square piece of cotton…goods; or other woven material; used
  as a wrapper in which to carry small packages。 (4) Ten yen is nothing now;
  but was a formidable sum then。
  INSECT       STUDIES        BUTTERFLIES            (1)   Haiku。    '1'  〃The     modest
  nymph beheld her God; and blushed。〃 (Or; in a more familiar rendering:
  〃The   modest   water   saw   its   God;   and   blushed。〃)   In   this   line   the   double
  value of the word nympha  used by classical poets both in the meaning
  of fountain and in that of the divinity of a fountain; or spring  reminds
  one of that graceful playing with words which Japanese poets practice。 '2'
  More   usually   written   nugi…kakeru;   which   means   either   〃to   take   off   and
  hang up;〃 or 〃to begin to take off;〃  as in the above poem。 More loosely;
  but more   effectively;  the   verses   might thus   be   rendered:   〃Like   a   woman
  slipping off her haori  that is the appearance of a butterfly。〃 One  must
  have seen the Japanese garment described; to appreciate the comparison。
  The haori is a silk upper…dress; a kind of sleeved cloak; worn by both
  sexes; but the poem suggests a woman's haori; which is usually of richer
  color    or   material。    The   sleeves    are   wide;   and    the  lining    is  usually   of
  brightly…colored silk; often beautifully variegated。 In taking off the haori;
  the   brilliant   lining   is   displayed;   and   at   such   an   instant   the   fluttering
  splendor might well be likened to the appearance of a butterfly in motion。
  '3'    The   bird…catcher's     pole   is  smeared     with    bird…lime;    and   the   verses
  suggest   that   the   insect   is   preventing   the   man   from   using   his   pole;   by
  persistently getting in the way of it; as the birds might take warning from
  seeing the butterfly limed。 Jama suru means 〃to hinder〃 or 〃prevent。〃 '4'
  Even while it is resting; the wings of the butterfly may be seen to quiver at
  moments; as if the creature were dreaming of flight。 '5' A little poem by
  Basho;      greatest   of   all  Japanese     composers      of   hokku。    The    verses    are
  intended   to   suggest   the   joyous   feeling   of   spring…time。   '6'   Literally;   〃a
  windless   day;〃   but   two   negatives   in   Japanese   poetry   do   not   necessarily
  imply an affirmative; as in English。 The meaning is; that although there is
  no   wind;   the   fluttering   motion   of   the   butterflies   suggests;   to   the   eyes   at
  least; that a strong breeze is playing。 '7' Alluding to the Buddhist proverb:
  113
  … Page 114…
  KWAIDAN: Stories and Studies of Strange Things
  Rakkwa       eda   ni  kaerazu;    ha…kyo     futatabi   terasazu    (〃The    fallen   flower
  returns not to the branch; the broken mirror never again reflects。〃) So says
  the proverb  yet it seemed to me that I saw a fallen flower return to the
  branch。。。   No:   it   was   only   a   butterfly。   '8' Alluding   probably   to   the   light
  fluttering motion of falling cherry…petals。 '9' That is to say; the grace of
  their    motion    makes     one    think   of  the   grace    of  young     girls;  daintily
  costumed;       in  robes    with   long    fluttering   sleeves。。。    And    old   Japanese
  proverb declares that even a devil is pretty at eighteen: Oni mo jiu…hachi
  azami no hana: 〃Even a devil at eighteen; flower…of…the…thistle。〃 '10'  Or
  perhaps     the   verses    might    be  more     effectively    rendered    thus:   〃Happy
  together; do you say? Yes  if we should be reborn as field…butterflies in
  some future life: then we might accord!〃 This poem was composed by the
  celebrated poet Issa; on the occasion of divorcing his wife。 '11' Or; Tare
  no   tama?   'Digitizer's   note:   Hearn's   note   calls   attention   to   an   alternative
  reading of the ideogram for 〃spirit〃 or 〃soul。〃' '12' Literally; 〃Butterfly…
  pursing heart I wish to have always;'  i。e。; I would that I might always be
  able   to   find   pleasure   in   simple   things;   like   a   happy   child。   '13'   An   old
  popular error; probably imported from China。 '14' A name suggested by
  the   resemblance   of   the   larva's   artificial   covering   to   the   mino;   or   straw…
  raincoat; worn by Japanese peasants。 I am not sure whether the dictionary
  rendering;      〃basket…worm;〃       is  quite   correct;   but   the  larva   commonly
  called minomushi does really construct for itself something much like the
  covering   of   the   basket…worm。   (2)   A   very   large;   white   radish。   〃Daikon〃
  literally means 〃big root。〃 '15' Pyrus spectabilis。 '16' An evil spirit。 (3) A
  common female name。
  MOSQUITOES (1) Meiji: The period in which Hearn wrote this book。
  It lasted from 1868 to 1912; and was a time when Japan plunged head…first
  into Western…style   modernization。   By  the   〃fashions   and   the   changes   and
  the    disintegrations     of  Meiji〃    Hearn    is  lamenting     that   this  process    of
  modernization        was   destroying     some     of  the  good    things    in  traditional
  Japanese culture。
  ANTS (1) Cicadas。 '1' An interesting fact in this connection is that the
  Japanese word for ant; ari; is represented by an ideograph formed of the
  character     for   〃insect〃   combined       with   the   character    signifying    〃moral
  114
  … Page 115…
  KWAIDAN: Stories and Studies of Strange Things
  rectitude;〃   〃propriety〃  (giri)。  So  the  Chinese   character  actually  means
  〃The Propriety…Insect。〃
  115