第 28 节
作者:你妹找1      更新:2021-02-21 11:56      字数:9319
  known by the name of Bakkan。 '3' The biwa; a kind of four…stringed lute;
  is chiefly used   in musical recitative。  Formerly the professional   minstrels
  who     recited    the   Heike…Monogatari;         and   other   tragical    histories;   were
  called   biwa…hoshi;   or   〃lute…priests。〃   The   origin   of   this   appellation   is   not
  clear; but   it   is   possible that   it   may  have been suggested by  the  fact  that
  〃lute…priests〃   as   well   as   blind   shampooers;   had   their   heads   shaven;   like
  Buddhist priests。 The biwa is played with a kind of plectrum; called bachi;
  usually  made   of horn。  (1) A  response to show that   one has heard and is
  listening attentively。 '4' A respectful term; signifying the opening of a gate。
  It was used by samurai when calling to the guards on duty at a lord's gate
  for admission。 '5' Or the phrase might be rendered; 〃for the pity of that
  part   is   the   deepest。〃   The   Japanese   word   for   pity   in   the   original   text   is
  〃aware。〃 '6' 〃Traveling incognito〃 is at least the meaning of the original
  phrase; 〃making a disguised august…journey〃 (shinobi no go…ryoko)。 '7'
  The   Smaller   Pragna…Paramita…Hridaya…Sutra   is   thus   called   in   Japanese。
  Both the smaller and larger sutras called Pragna…Paramita (〃Transcendent
  Wisdom〃) have been translated by the late Professor Max Muller; and can
  be   found   in   volume   xlix。   of   the   Sacred   Books   of   the   East   (〃Buddhist
  Mahayana Sutras〃)。  Apropos of the magical use of the text; as described
  in   this   story;   it   is   worth   remarking   that   the   subject   of   the   sutra   is   the
  Doctrine of the Emptiness of Forms; that is to say; of the unreal character
  of   all   phenomena   or   noumena。。。   〃Form   is   emptiness;   and   emptiness   is
  form。   Emptiness   is   not   different   from   form;   form   is   not   different   from
  emptiness。 What is form  that is emptiness。 What is emptiness  that is
  form。。。   Perception;   name;   concept;   and   knowledge;   are   also   emptiness。。。
  There      is  no    eye;   ear;   nose;    tongue;    body;     and    mind。。。    But    when
  theenvelopment of consciousness has been annihilated; then he 'the seeker'
  becomes free from all fear; and beyond the reach of change; enjoying final
  Nirvana。〃
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  OSHIDORI   '1'  From  ancient time;   in   the   Far   East;   these   birds   have
  been   regarded   as   emblems   of   conjugal   affection。   '2'  There   is   a   pathetic
  double meaning in the third verse; for the syllables composing the proper
  name Akanuma (〃Red Marsh〃) may also be read as akanu…ma; signifying
  〃the time of our inseparable (or delightful) relation。〃 So the poem can also
  be   thus   rendered:   〃When   the   day   began   to   fail;   I   had   invited   him   to
  accompany me。。。! Now; after the time of that happy relation; what misery
  for the one who must slumber alone in the shadow of the rushes!〃  The
  makomo is a short of large rush; used for making baskets。
  THE   STORY   OF   O…TEI   (1)   〃…sama〃   is   a   polite   suffix   attached   to
  personal names。 (2) A Buddhist term commonly used to signify a kind of
  heaven。   '1'   The   Buddhist   term   zokumyo   (〃profane   name〃)   signifies   the
  personal name; borne during life; in contradistinction to the kaimyo (〃sila…
  name〃) or homyo (〃Law…name〃) given after death; religious posthumous
  appellations inscribed upon the tomb; and upon the mortuary tablet in the
  parish…temple。  For some account of these; see my paper entitled; 〃The
  Literature     of  the   Dead;〃    in   Exotics    and   Retrospectives。      '2'  Buddhist
  household shrine。 (3) Direct translation of a Japanese form of address used
  toward young; unmarried women。
  DIPLOMACY            (1)  The    spacious    house    and    grounds     of  a  wealthy
  person is thus called。 (2) A Buddhist service for the dead。
  OF    A   MIRROR        AND      A   BELL   (1)    Part   of  present…day     Shizuoka
  Prefecture。   (2)   The   two…hour   period   between   1   AM   and   3   AM。   (3)   A
  monetary unit。
  JIKININKI (1) The southern part of present…day Gifu Prefecture。 '1'
  Literally;    a  man…eating      goblin。    The    Japanese     narrator    gives   also   the
  Sanscrit   term;   〃Rakshasa;〃   but   this   word   is   quite   as   vague   as   jikininki;
  since   there   are   many   kinds   of   Rakshasas。 Apparently   the   word   jikininki
  signifies   here   one   of   the   Baramon…Rasetsu…Gaki;   forming   the   twenty…
  sixth class of pretas enumerated in the old Buddhist books。 '2' A Segaki…
  service     is  a  special   Buddhist     service    performed      on   behalf   of   beings
  supposed   to   have   entered   into   the   condition   of   gaki   (pretas);   or   hungry
  spirits。 For a brief account of such a service; see my Japanese Miscellany。
  '3'    Literally;   〃five…circle    'or   five…zone'    stone。〃    A   funeral    monument
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  consisting      of   five   parts   superimposed;       each    of   a  different    form;
  symbolizing the five mystic elements: Ether; Air; Fire; Water; Earth。
  MUJINA (1) A kind of badger。 Certain animals were thought to be able
  to   transform     themselves      and   cause    mischief     for  humans。     '1'   O…jochu
  (〃honorable damsel〃); a polite form of address used in speaking to a young
  lady whom one does not know。  (2) An apparition with a smooth;  totally
  featureless   face;   called   a   〃nopperabo;〃   is   a   stock   part   of   the   Japanese
  pantheon of ghosts and demons。 '2' Soba is a preparation of buckwheat;
  somewhat resembling vermicelli。 (3) An exclamation of annoyed alarm。 (4)
  Well!
  ROKURO…KUBI '1' The period of Eikyo lasted from 1429 to 1441。 '2'
  The     upper    robe    of  a  Buddhist      priest   is  thus   called。   (1)  Present…day
  Yamanashi Prefecture。 (2) A term for itinerant priests。 '3' A sort of little
  fireplace;   contrived   in   the   floor   of   a   room;   is   thus   described。   The   ro   is
  usually a square shallow cavity; lined with metal and half…filled with ashes;
  in which charcoal is lighted。 (3) Direct translation of 〃suzumushi;〃 a kind
  of cricket   with   a  distinctive chirp like   a tiny bell;  whence  the  name。  (4)
  Now      a  rokuro…kubi      is  ordinarily     conceived     as   a  goblin    whose     neck
  stretches     out   to  great   lengths;    but  which     nevertheless     always    remains
  attached to its body。 (5) A Chinese collection of stories on the supernatural。
  '4'  A  present   made   to   friends   or   to   the   household   on   returning   from   a
  journey     is  thus    called。   Ordinarily;    of   course;    the  miyage     consists    of
  something produced in the locality to which the journey has been made:
  this is the point of Kwairyo's jest。 (6) Present…day Nagano Prefecture。
  A  DEAD   SECRET  (1)   On   the   present…day   map;   Tamba   corresponds
  roughly      to  the   central   area    of  Kyoto     Prefecture     and   part   of   Hyogo
  Prefecture。  '1' The   Hour   of   the  Rat   (Ne…no…Koku);   according   to   the   old
  Japanese method of reckoning time; was the first hour。 It corresponded to
  the   time   between   our   midnight   and   two   o'clock   in   the   morning;   for   the
  ancient Japanese hours were each equal to two modern hours。 '2' Kaimyo;
  the   posthumous   Buddhist   name;   or   religious   name;   given   to   the   dead。
  Strictly   speaking;   the   meaning   of   the   work   is   sila…name。   (See   my   paper
  entitled; 〃The Literature of the Dead〃 in Exotics and Retrospectives。)
  YUKI…ONNA (1) An ancient province whose boundaries took in most
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  of present…day Tokyo; and parts of Saitama and Kanagawa prefectures。 '1'
  That is to say; with a floor…surface of about six feet square。 '2' This name;
  signifying 〃Snow;〃 is not uncommon。 On the subject of Japanese female
  names; see my paper in the volume entitled Shadowings。 (2) Also spelled
  Edo; the former name of Tokyo。
  THE STORY OF AOYAGI (1) An ancient province corresponding to
  the    northern    part   of  present…day     Ishikawa     Prefecture。     (2)  An    ancient
  province corresponding to the eastern part of present…day Fukui Prefecture。
  '1' The   name   signifies   〃Green Willow;〃      though   rarely   met   with;   it   is
  still in use。 '2' The poem may be read in two ways; several of the phrases
  having