第 26 节
作者:你妹找1      更新:2021-02-21 11:56      字数:9321
  offspring。 Night and day they are cared for in every possible manner。 They
  alone are  superabundantly and   richly  fed: for  the  sake of the offspring
  they must eat and drink and repose right royally; and their physiological
  specialization allows of such indulgence ad libitum。 They seldom go out;
  and    never    unless    attended    by   a  powerful     escort;   as   they   cannot    be
  permitted to incur unnecessary fatigue or danger。 Probably they have no
  101
  … Page 102…
  KWAIDAN: Stories and Studies of Strange Things
  great desire to go out。 Around them revolves the whole activity of the race:
  all its intelligence and toil and thrift are directed solely toward the well…
  being of these Mothers and of their children。
  But last and least of the race rank the husbands of these Mothers;
  the necessary Evils; the males。 They appear only at a particular season;
  as   I   have   already   observed;   and   their   lives   are   very   short。   Some   cannot
  even   boast of   noble descent; though   destined  to   royal   wedlock;   for   they
  are not royal offspring; but virgin…born; parthenogenetic children; and;
  for   that   reason   especially;    inferior   beings;   the  chance     results  of  some
  mysterious atavism。 But of any sort of males the commonwealth tolerates
  but few; barely enough to serve as husbands for the Mothers…Elect; and
  these few perish almost as soon as their duty has been done。 The meaning
  of   Nature's   law;   in   this   extraordinary   world;   is   identical   with   Ruskin's
  teaching that life without effort is crime; and since the males are useless as
  workers   or   fighters;   their   existence   is   of   only   momentary   importance。
  They   are   not;   indeed;   sacrificed;   like   the   Aztec   victim   chosen   for   the
  festival of Tezcatlipoca; and allowed a honeymoon of twenty days before
  his heart was torn out。 But they are scarcely less unfortunate in their high
  fortune。     Imagine     youths    brought    up   in  the   knowledge       that  they   are
  destined to become royal bridegrooms for a single night; that after their
  bridal they will have no moral right to live; that marriage; for each and
  all of them; will signify certain death; and that they cannot even hope to
  be lamented by their young widows; who will survive them for a time of
  many generations。。。!
  V
  But all the foregoing is no more than a proem to the real 〃Romance
  of the Insect…World。〃
  By far the most startling discovery in relation to this   astonishing
  civilization is that of the suppression of sex。 In certain advanced forms of
  ant…life sex totally disappears in the majority of individuals; in nearly all
  the    higher    ant…societies    sex…life   appears     to  exist   only   to   the  extent
  102
  … Page 103…
  KWAIDAN: Stories and Studies of Strange Things
  absolutely   needed   for   the   continuance   of   the   species。   But   the   biological
  fact   in   itself   is   much   less   startling   than   the   ethical   suggestion   which   it
  offers;     for   this  practical     suppression;      or   regulation;     of   sex…faculty
  appears      to  be   voluntary!     Voluntary;     at  least;   so  far   as  the   species    is
  concerned。 It is now believed that they wonderful creatures have learned
  how to develop; or to arrest the development; of sex in their young; by
  some particular mode of nutrition。 They have succeeded in placing under
  perfect control what is commonly supposed to be the most powerful and
  unmanageable of instincts。 And this rigid restraint of sex…life to within the
  limits necessary to provide against extinction is but one (though the most
  amazing) of many vital economies effected by the race。 Every capacity for
  egoistic pleasure  in the common meaning of the word 〃egoistic〃  has
  been equally repressed through physiological modification。 No indulgence
  of   any   natural   appetite   is   possible   except   to   that   degree   in   which   such
  indulgence       can    directly    or  indirectly     benefit    the   species;    even    the
  indispensable   requirements   of   food   and sleep   being satisfied   only  to   the
  exact     extent    necessary     for   the   maintenance       of   healthy     activity。   The
  individual   can   exist;   act;   think;   only   for   the   communal   good;   and   the
  commune   triumphantly   refuses;   in   so   far   as   cosmic   law   permits;   to   let
  itself be ruled eitherby Love or Hunger。
  Most of us have been brought up in the belief that without some kind
  of    religious    creed      some     hope    of  future    reward     or   fear   of  future
  punishment      no   civilization   could   exist。  We   have   been   taught   to   think
  that in the absence of laws based upon moral ideas; and in the absence of
  an   effective   police   to   enforce   such   laws;   nearly   everybody   would   seek
  only his or her personal advantage; to the disadvantage of everybody else。
  The     strong    would     then   destroy     the  weak;     pity   and   sympathy       would
  disappear;      and    the   whole    social    fabric   would     fall  to   pieces。。。   These
  teachings   confess   the   existing   imperfection   of   human   nature;   and   they
  contain obvious truth。 But those who first proclaimed that truth; thousands
  and thousands of years ago; never imagined a form of social existence in
  which      selfishness      would     be    naturally     impossible。      It   remained      for
  irreligious Nature to furnish us with proof positive that there can exist a
  103
  … Page 104…
  KWAIDAN: Stories and Studies of Strange Things
  society   in   which   the   pleasure   of   active   beneficence   makes   needless   the
  idea   of duty;   a   society  in   which instinctive   morality  can   dispense   with
  ethical codes of every sort; a society of which every member is born so
  absolutely unselfish; and so energetically good; that moral training could
  signify; even for its youngest; neither more nor less than waste of precious
  time。
  To the Evolutionist such facts necessarily suggest that the value of our
  moral   idealism   is   but   temporary;   and   that   something   better   than   virtue;
  better    than    kindness;    better   than    self…denial;    in  the   present    human
  meaning       of  those   terms;    might;    under    certain   conditions;     eventually
  replace   them。   He   finds   himself   obliged   to   face   the   question   whether   a
  world without moral notions might not be morally better than a world in
  which   conduct   is   regulated   by   such   notions。   He   must   even   ask   himself
  whether the existence of religious commandments; moral laws; and ethical
  standards among ourselves does not prove us still in a very primitive stage
  of social evolution。 And these questions naturally lead up to another: Will
  humanity ever be able; on this planet; to reach an ethical condition beyond
  all its ideals; a condition in which everything that we now call evil will
  have   been   atrophied   out   of   existence;  and   everything   that   we   call   virtue
  have been transmuted into instinct; a state of altruism in which ethical
  concepts and codes will have become as useless as they would be; even
  now; in the societies of the higher ants。
  The     giants   of  modern      thought    have    given    some    attention    to  this
  question;   and   the   greatest   among   them   has   answered   it      partly   in   the
  affirmative。   Herbert   Spencer   has   expressed   his   belief   that   humanity  will
  arrive   at   some   state   of   civilization   ethically  comparable   with that   of   the
  ant:
  〃If we have; in lower orders of creatures; cases in which the nature is
  constitutionally so modified that altruistic activities have become one with
  egoistic     activities;   there   is   an   irresistible   implication     that   a  parallel
  identification   will;   under   parallel   conditions;   take   place   among   human
  104
  … Page 105…
  KWAIDAN: Stories and Studies of Strange Things
  beings。 Social insects furnish us with instances completely to the point;
  and instances showing us; indeed; to what a marvelous degree the life of
  the    individual      may     be   absorbed      in   subserving      the    lives   of   other
  individuals。。。 Neither the ant nor the bee can be supposed to have a sense
  of duty; in the acceptation we give to that word;