第 5 节
作者:理性的思索      更新:2021-02-21 11:29      字数:3487
  eachwhich is its rate of goingwill be performed in the same manner;
  and you shall be able to distinguish no difference between them; but let
  me take a pair of pincers; and if my hand is steady enough to do it;
  let me just lightly crush together the bearings of the balance…wheel;
  or force to a slightly different angle the teeth of the escapement of
  one of them; and of course you know the immediate result will be that
  the watch; so treated; from that moment will cease to go。  But what
  proportion is there between the structural alteration and the
  functional result?  Is it not perfectly obvious that the alteration is
  of the minutest kind; yet that slight as it is; it has produced an
  infinite difference in the performance of the functions of these two
  instruments?
  Well; now; apply that to the present question。  What is it that
  constitutes and makes man what he is?  What is it but his power of
  languagethat language giving him the means of recording his
  experiencemaking every generation somewhat wiser than its
  predecessor;more in accordance with the established order of the
  universe?
  What is it but this power of speech; of recording experience; which
  enables men to be menlooking before and after and; in some dim sense;
  understanding the working of this wondrous universeand which
  distinguishes man from the whole of the brute world?  I say that this
  functional difference is vast; unfathomable; and truly infinite in its
  consequences; and I say at the same time; that it may depend upon
  structural differences which shall be absolutely inappreciable to us
  with our present means of investigation。  What is this very speech that
  we are talking about?  I am speaking to you at this moment; but if you
  were to alter; in the minutest degree; the proportion of the nervous
  forces now active in the two nerves which supply the muscles of my
  glottis; I should become suddenly dumb。  The voice is produced only so
  long as the vocal chords are parallel; and these are parallel only so
  long as certain muscles contract with exact equality; and that again
  depends on the equality of action of those two nerves I spoke of。  So
  that a change of the minutest kind in the structure of one of these
  nerves; or in the structure of the part in which it originates; or of
  the supply of blood to that part; or of one of the muscles to which it
  is distributed; might render all of us dumb。  But a race of dumb men;
  deprived of all communication with those who could speak; would be
  little indeed removed from the brutes。  And the moral and intellectual
  difference between them and ourselves would be practically infinite;
  though the naturalist should not be able to find a single shadow of
  even specific structural difference。
  But let me dismiss this question now; and; in conclusion; let me say
  that you may go away with it as my mature conviction; that Mr。 Darwin's
  work is the greatest contribution which has been made to biological
  science since the publication of the 'Regne Animal' of Cuvier; and
  since that of the 'History of Development' of Von Baer。  I believe that
  if you strip it of its theoretical part it still remains one of the
  greatest encyclopaedias of biological doctrine that any one man ever
  brought forth; and I believe that; if you take it as the embodiment of
  an hypothesis; it is destined to be the guide of biological and
  psychological speculation for the next three or four generations。
  End