ered　as　an　arduous；　if　not　impossible；　enterprize。　　In　this　I　succeeded；　for　the　proof　of　this　fact　I　appeal　to　the　flourishing　state　of　the　different　manufactories　in　which　these　poor　people　are　now　employed；to　their　orderly　and　peaceable　demeanourto　their　cheerfulnessto　their　industry；　to　the　desire　to　excel；　which　manifests　itself　among　them　upon　all　occasions；and　to　the　very　air　of　their　countenances。　Strangers；　who　go　to　see　this　institution；　（and　there　are　very　few　who　pass　through　Munich　who　do　not　take　that　trouble；）　cannot　sufficiently　express　their　surprise　at　the　air　of　happiness　and　contentment　which　reigns　throughout　every　part　of　this　extensive　establishment；　and　can　hardly　be　persuaded；　that　among　those　they　see　so　cheerfully　engaged　in　that　interesting　scene　of　industry；　by　far　the　greater　part　were；　five　years　ago；　the　most　miserable　and　most　worthless　of　beings；common　beggars　in　the　streets。
  An　account　of　the　means　employed　in　bringing　about　this　change　cannot　fail　to　be　interesting　to　every　benevolent　mind；　and　this　is　what　has　encouraged　me　to　lay　these　details　before　the　public。
  By　far　the　greater　number　of　the　poor　people　to　be　taken　care　of　were　not　only　common　beggars；　but　had　been　up　from　their　very　infancy　in　that　profession；　and　were　so　attached　to　their　indolent　and　dissolute　way　of　living；　as　to　prefer　it　to　all　other　situations。　　They　were　not　only　unacquainted　with　all　kinds　of　work；　but　had　the　most　insuperable　aversion　to　honest　labour；　and　had　been　so　long　familiarized　with　every　crime；　that　they　had　become　perfectly　callous　to　all　sense　of　shame　and　remorse。
  With　persons　of　this　description；　it　is　easy　to　be　conceived　that　precepts；admonitions；and　punishments；　would　be　of　little　or　no　avail。　　But　where　precepts　fail；　HABITS　may　sometimes　be　successful。
  To　make　vicious　and　abandoned　people　happy；　it　has　generally　been　supposed　necessary；　FIRST　to　make　them　virtuous。　　But　why　not　reverse　this　order？　　Why　not　make　them　first　HAPPY；　and　then　virtuous？　　If　happiness　and　virtue　be　INSEPARABLE　the　end　will　be　as　certainly　obtained　by　the　one　method　as　by　the　other；　and　it　is　most　undoubtedly　much　easier　to　contribute　to　the　happiness　and　comfort　of　persons　in　a　state　of　poverty　and　misery；　than；　by　admonitions　and　punishments；　to　reform　their　morals。
  Deeply　struck　with　the　importance　of　this　truth；　all　my　measures　were　taken　accordingly。　　Every　thing　was　done　that　could　be　devised　to　make　the　poor　people　I　had　to　deal　with　comfortable　and　happy　in　their　new　situation；　and　my　hopes；　that　a　habit　of　enjoying　the　real　comforts　and　conveniences　which　were　provided　for　them；　would　in　time；　soften　their　hearts；open　their　eyes；and　render　them　grateful　and　docile；　were　not　disappointed。
  The　pleasure　I　have　had　in　the　success　of　this　experiment　is　much　easier　to　be　conceived　than　described。　　Would　God　that　my　success　might　encourage　others　to　follow　my　example！　　If　it　were　generally　known　how　little　trouble；　and　how　little　expence；　are　required　to　do　much　good；　the　heart…felt　satisfaction　which　arises　from　relieving　the　wants；　and　promoting　the　happiness　of　our　fellow…creatures；　is　so　great；　that　I　am　persuaded；　acts　of　the　most　essential　charity　would　be　much　more　frequent；　and　the　mass　of　misery　among　mankind　would　consequently　be　much　lessened。
  Having　taken　my　resolution　to　make　the　COMFORT　of　the　poor　people；　who　were　to　be　provided　for；　the　primary　object　of　my　attention；　I　considered　what　circumstance　in　life；　after　the　necessaries；　food　and　raiment；　contributes　most　to　comfort；　and　I　found　it　to　be　CLEANLINESS。　　And　so　very　extensive　is　the　influence　of　cleanliness；　that　it　reaches　even　to　the　brute　creation。
  With　what　care　and　attention　do　the　feathered　race　wash　themselves　and　put　their　plumage　in　order；　and　how　perfectly　neat；　clean　and　elegant　do　they　ever　appear！　Among　the　beasts　of　the　field　we　find　that　those　which　are　the　most　cleanly　are　generally　the　most　gay　and　cheerful；　or　are　distinguished　by　a　certain　air　of　tranquillity　and　contentment；　and　singing　birds　are　always　remarkable　for　the　neatness　of　their　plumage。　　And　so　great　is　the　effect　of　cleanliness　upon　man；　that　it　extends　even　to　his　moral　character。　　Virtue　never　dwelt　long　with　filth　and　nastiness；　nor　do　I　believe　there　ever　was　a　person　SCRUPULOUSLY　ATTENTIVE　TO　CLEANLINESS　who　was　a　consummate　villain＇7＇。
  Order　and　disorderpeace　and　warhealth　and　sickness；　cannot　exist　together；　but　COMFORT　and　CONTENTMENT　the　inseparable　companions　of　HAPPINESS　and　VIRTUE；　can　only　arise　from　order；　peace；　and　health。
  Brute　animals　are　evidently　taught　cleanliness　by　instinct；　and　can　there　be　a　stronger　proof　of　its　being　essentially　necessary　to　their　well…being　and　happiness？But　if　cleanliness　is　necessary　to　the　happiness　of　brutes；　how　much　more　so　must　it　be　to　the　happiness　of　the　human　race？
  The　good　effects　of　cleanliness；　or　rather　the　bad　effects　of　filth　and　nastiness；　may；　I　think；　be　very　satisfactorily　accounted　for。　　Our　bodies　are　continually　at　war　with　whatever　offends　them；　and　every　thing　offends　them　that　adheres　to　them；　and　irritates　them；and　through　by　long　habit　we　may　be　so　accustomed　to　support　a　physical　ill；　as　to　become　almost　insensible　to　it；　yet　it　never　leaves　the　mind　perfectly　at　peace。　There　always　remains　a　certain　uneasiness；　and　discontent；　an　indecision；　and　an　aversion　from　all　serious　application；　which　shows　evidently　that　the　mind　is　not　at　rest。
  Those　who　from　being　afflicted　with　long　and　painful　disease；　suddenly　acquire　health；　are　best　able　to　judge　of　the　force　of　this　reasoning。　　It　is　by　the　delightful　sensation　they　feel；　at　being　relieved　from　pain　and　uneasiness；　that　they　learn　to　know　the　full　extent　of　their　former　misery；　and　the　human　heart　is　never　so　effectually　softened；　and　so　well　prepared　and　disposed　to　receive　virtuous　impressions；　as　upon　such　occasions。
  It　was　with　a　view　to　bring　the　minds　of　the　poor　and　unfortunate　people　I　had　to　deal　with　to　this　state；　that　I　took　so　much　pains　to　make　them　comfortable　in　their　new　situation。　　The　state　in　which　they　had　been　used　to　live　was　certainly　most　wretched　and　deplorable；　but　they　had　been　so　long　accustomed　to　it；　that　they　were　grown　insensible　to　their　own　misery。　　It　was　therefore　necessary；　in　order　to　awaken　their　attention；　to　make　the　contrast　between　their　former　situation；　and　that　which　was　prepared　for　them；　as　striking　as　possible。　　To　this　end；　every　thing　was　done　that　could　be　devised　to　make　them　REALLY　COMFORTABLE。
  Most　of　them　had　been　used　to　living　in　the　most　miserable　hovels；　in　the　midst　of　vermin；　and　every　kind　of　filthiness；　or　to　sleep　in　the　streets；　and　under　the　hedges；　half　naked；　and　exposed　to　all　the　inclemencies　of　the　seasons。　A　large　and　commodious　building；　fitted　up　in　the　neatest　and　most　comfortable　manner；　was　now　provided　for　their　reception。　In　this　agreeable　retreat　they　found　spacious　and　elegant　apartments；　kept　with　the　most　scrupulous　neatness；　well　warmed　in　winter；　well　lighted；　a　good　warm　dinner　every　day；　gratis；　cooked　and　served　up　with　all　possible　attention　to　order　and　cleanliness；　materials　and　utensils　for　those　who　required　instruction；the　most　generous　pay；　IN　MONEY；　for　all　the　labour　performed；　and　the　kindest　usage　from　every　person；　from　the　highest　　to　the　lowest；　belonging　to　the　establishment。　Here；　in　this　asylum　for　the　indigent　and　unfortunate；　　no　ill　usage；　no　harsh　language；　is　permitted。　During　five　years　that　the　establishment　has　existed；　not　a　blow　has　been　given　to　any　one；　not　even　to　a　child　by　his　instructor。
  As　the　rules　and　regulations　for　the　preservation　of　order　are　few；　and　easy　to　be　observed；　the　instances　of　their　being　transgressed　are　rare；　and　as　all　the　labour　performed；　is　paid　for　by　the　piece；　and　not　by　the　day；　and　is　well　paid；　and　as　those　who　gain　the　most　by　their　work　in　the　course　of　the　week；　receive　proportional　rewards　on　the　Saturday　evening；　these　are　most　effectual　encouragements　to　industry。
  But　before　I　proceed　to　give　an　account　of　the　internal　economy　of　this　establishment；　it　will　be　necessary　to　describe　the　building　which　was　appropriated　to　this　use；　and　the　other　local　circumstances；　necessary　to　be　known；　in　order　to　have　a　clear　idea　of　the　subject。
  This　building；　which　is　very　extensive；　is　pleasantly　situated　in　the　Au；　one　of　the　suburbs　of　the　city　of　Munich。　　It　had　formerly　been　a　manufactory；　but　for　many　years　had　been　deserted　and　falling　to　ruins。　　It　was　now　completely　repaired；　and　in　part　rebuilt。　　A　large　kitchen；　with　a　large　eating…room　adjoining　it；　and　a　commodious　bake…house；　were　added　to　the　buildings；　and　such　other　mechanics　as　were　constantly　wanted　in　the　manufactory　for　making　and　repairing　the　machinery　were　established；　and　furnished　with　tools。　　Large　halls　were　fitted　up　for　spinners　of　hemp；for　spinners　of　flax；for　spinners　of　cotton；for　spinners　of　wool；and　for　spinners　of　worsted；　and　adjoining　to　each　hall　a　small　room　was　fitted　up　for　a　clerk　or　inspector　of　the　hall；　（spin…schreiber）。　　This　room；　which　was　at　the　same　time　a　store…room；　and　counting…house；　and　a　large　window　opening　into　the　hall；　from　whence　the　spinners