第 14 节
作者:笑傲网络      更新:2021-02-20 18:48      字数:9320
  the   Danish   court。  Talk   of   interpolation   here   is   absurd。 As   both   Beowulf
  and Hygelac know;  and the folk for whom the Beowulf was put together
  also knew;  Froda was king of the Heathobards (probably the Langobards;
  once near neighbors of Angle and Saxon tribes on the continent); and had
  fallen in fight with the Danes。 Hrothgar will set aside this feud by giving
  his daughter as 〃peace…weaver〃 and wife to the young king Ingeld; son of
  the    slain   Froda。    But    Beowulf;     on   general     principles    and   from     his
  observation      of   the  particular   case;   foretells   trouble。   Note:   '2'   Play   of
  shields; battle。 A Danish warrior cuts down Froda in the fight; and takes
  his   sword     and   armor;   leaving    them   to   a  son。   This   son   is  selected   to
  accompany  his   mistress;   the   young princess   Freawaru;   to   her   new home
  when she is Ingeld's queen。 Heedlessly he wears the sword of Froda in hall。
  An old warrior points it out to Ingeld; and eggs him on to vengeance。 At
  his instigation the Dane is killed; but the murderer; afraid of results; and
  knowing the land; escapes。 So the old feud must break out again。 '3' That
  is; their disastrous battle and the slaying of their king。 '4' The sword。 '5'
  Beowulf       returns   to  his   forecast。   Things    might    well   go   somewhat       as
  follows; he says; sketches a little tragic story; and with this prophecy by
  illustration returns to the tale of his adventure。 '6' Not an actual glove; but
  a sort of bag。
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  〃So held this king to the customs old; that I wanted for nought in the
  wage I gained; the meed of my might; he made me gifts; Healfdene's heir;
  for my own disposal。 Now to thee; my prince; I proffer them all; gladly
  give   them。   Thy   grace   alone   can   find   me   favor。   Few   indeed   have   I   of
  kinsmen; save; Hygelac; thee!〃 Then he bade them bear him the boar…head
  standard;  the   battle…helm  high;   and   breastplate  gray;   the   splendid   sword;
  then   spake   in   form:      〃Me   this   war…gear   the   wise   old   prince;   Hrothgar;
  gave; and his hest he added; that its story be straightway said to thee。  A
  while   it   was   held   by   Heorogar   king;   for   long   time   lord   of   the   land   of
  Scyldings; yet not to his son the sovran left it; to daring Heoroweard;
  dear as he was to him; his harness of battle。  Well hold thou it all!〃 And I
  heard that soon passed o'er the path of this treasure; all apple…fallow; four
  good steeds; each like the others; arms and horses he gave to the king。 So
  should kinsmen be; not weave one another the net of wiles; or with deep…
  hid treachery death contrive for neighbor and comrade。 His nephew was
  ever by hardy Hygelac held full dear; and each kept watch o'er the other's
  weal。   I   heard;   too;   the   necklace   to   Hygd   he   presented;   wonder…wrought
  treasure; which Wealhtheow gave him sovran's daughter: three steeds   he
  added; slender and saddle…gay。 Since such gift the gem gleamed bright on
  the breast of the queen。 Thus showed his strain the son of Ecgtheow as a
  man   remarked   for   mighty   deeds   and   acts   of   honor。   At   ale   he   slew   not
  comrade or kin; nor cruel his mood; though of sons of earth his strength
  was greatest; a glorious gift that God had sent the splendid leader。 Long
  was he spurned; and worthless by Geatish warriors held; him at mead the
  master…of…clans failed full oft to favor at all。 Slack and shiftless the strong
  men   deemed   him;   profitless   prince;   but   payment   came;   to   the   warrior
  honored;   for     all   his  woes。     Then   the   bulwark…of…earls'1'      bade   bring
  within; hardy  chieftain; Hrethel's   heirloom garnished   with gold: no   Geat
  e'er   knew   in   shape   of   a   sword   a   statelier   prize。   The   brand   he   laid   in
  Beowulf's lap; and of hides assigned him seven thousand;'2' with house
  and   high…seat。   They   held   in   common   land   alike   by   their   line   of   birth;
  inheritance; home: but higher the king because of his rule o'er the realm
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  itself。
  Now further it fell with the flight of years; with harryings horrid; that
  Hygelac perished;'3'  and   Heardred;  too;  by  hewing   of swords   under   the
  shield…wall slaughtered lay; when him at the van of his victor…folk sought
  hardy   heroes;   Heatho…Scilfings;   in   arms   o'erwhelming   Hereric's   nephew。
  Then Beowulf came as king this broad realm to wield; and he ruled it well
  fifty winters;'4' a wise old prince; warding his land; until One began in the
  dark of night; a Dragon; to rage。 In the grave on the hill a hoard it guarded;
  in   the   stone…barrow   steep。 A  strait   path   reached   it;   unknown   to   mortals。
  Some   man;   however;   came   by   chance   that   cave   within   to   the   heathen
  hoard。'5' In hand he took a golden goblet; nor gave he it back; stole with it
  away;   while   the   watcher   slept; by  thievish   wiles:   for the   warden's   wrath
  prince and people must pay betimes!
  '1' Hygelac。 '2' This is generally assumed to mean hides; though the
  text   simply   says   〃seven   thousand。〃 A  hide   in   England   meant   about   120
  acres; though 〃the size of the acre varied。〃 '3' On the historical raid into
  Frankish   territory   between   512   and   520 A。D。   The   subsequent   course   of
  events; as gathered from hints of this epic; is partly told in Scandinavian
  legend。  '4' The  chronology  of   this epic;  as   scholars   have  worked   it out;
  would   make   Beowulf   well   over   ninety   years   of   age   when   he   fights   the
  dragon。 But the fifty years of his reign need not be taken as historical fact。
  '5' The text is here hopelessly illegible; and only the general drift of the
  meaning can be rescued。 For one thing; we have the old myth of a dragon
  who guards hidden treasure。 But with this runs the story of some noble;
  last   of   his   race;   who   hides   all   his   wealth   within   this   barrow   and   there
  chants     his   farewell    to  life's  glories。   After    his  death    the   dragon    takes
  possession   of   the   hoard   and   watches   over   it。 A  condemned   or   banished
  man; desperate; hides in the barrow; discovers the treasure; and while the
  dragon sleeps; makes off with a golden beaker or the like; and carries it for
  propitiation to his master。 The dragon discovers the loss and exacts fearful
  penalty from the people round about。
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  XXXII
  THAT way he went with no will of his own; in danger of life; to the
  dragon's hoard; but for pressure of peril; some prince's thane。 He fled in
  fear the fatal scourge; seeking shelter; a sinful man; and entered in。 At the
  awful   sight   tottered   that   guest;   and   terror   seized   him;   yet   the   wretched
  fugitive rallied anon from fright and fear ere he fled away; and took the
  cup   from   that   treasure…hoard。   Of   such   besides   there   was   store   enough;
  heirlooms old; the earth below; which some earl forgotten; in ancient years;
  left   the   last   of   his   lofty   race;   heedfully   there   had   hidden   away;   dearest
  treasure。 For death of yore had hurried all hence; and he alone left to live;
  the last of the clan; weeping his friends; yet wished to bide warding the
  treasure; his one delight; though brief his respite。 The barrow; new…ready;
  to   strand   and   sea…waves   stood   anear;   hard   by   the   headland;   hidden   and
  closed; there laid within it his lordly heirlooms and heaped hoard of heavy
  gold   that   warden   of  rings。   Few   words he   spake:   〃Now hold   thou;   earth;
  since   heroes   may   not;   what   earls   have   owned!   Lo;   erst   from   thee   brave
  men brought it! But battle…death seized and cruel killing my clansmen all;
  robbed   them   of   life   and   a   liegeman's   joys。   None   have   I   left   to   lift   the
  sword; or to cleanse the carven cup of price; beaker bright。 My brave are
  gone。   And   the   helmet   hard;   all   haughty   with   gold;   shall   part   from   its
  plating。 Polishers sleep  who could brighten   and burnish the  battle…mask;
  and those weeds of war that were wont to brave over bicker of shields the
  bite   of   steel   rust   with   their   bearer。   The   ringed   mail   fares   not   far   with
  famous      chieftain;    at  side   of   hero!   No    harp's