第 7 节
作者:笑傲网络      更新:2021-02-20 18:47      字数:9322
  heartier   mood;   with   four   such   gifts;   so   fashioned   with   gold;   on   the   ale…
  bench   honoring   others   thus!   O'er   the   roof   of   the   helmet   high;   a   ridge;
  wound with wires; kept ward o'er the head; lest the relict…of…files'3' should
  fierce   invade;   sharp   in   the   strife;   when   that   shielded   hero   should   go   to
  grapple   against   his   foes。  Then   the   earls'…defence'4'   on   the   floor'5'   bade
  lead coursers eight; with carven head…gear; adown the hall: one horse was
  decked with a saddle all shining and set in jewels; 'twas the battle…seat of
  the best of kings; when to play of swords the son of Healfdene was fain to
  fare。 Ne'er failed   his valor in   the crush of combat when   corpses fell。 To
  Beowulf over them both then gave the refuge…of…Ingwines right and power;
  o'er war…steeds and weapons: wished him joy of them。 Manfully thus the
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  mighty prince; hoard…guard for heroes; that hard fight repaid with steeds
  and treasures contemned by none who is willing to say the sooth aright。
  '1' There is no horrible inconsistency here such as the critics strive and
  cry about。 In spite of the ruin that Grendel and Beowulf had made within
  the   hall;   the   framework   and   roof   held   firm;   and   swift   repairs   made   the
  interior   habitable。  Tapestries   were   hung   on   the   walls;   and   willing   hands
  prepared the banquet。 '2' From its formal use in other places; this phrase;
  to take cup in hall; or 〃on the floor;〃 would seem to mean that Beowulf
  stood   up   to   receive   his   gifts;   drink   to   the   donor;   and   say   thanks。  '3'
  Kenning for sword。 '4' Hrothgar。 He is also the 〃refuge of the friends of
  Ing;〃 below。 Ing belongs to myth。 '5' Horses are frequently led or ridden
  into the hall where folk sit at banquet: so in Chaucer's Squire's tale; in the
  ballad of King Estmere; and in the romances。
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  XVI
  AND the lord of earls; to each that came with Beowulf over the briny
  ways;   an   heirloom   there   at   the   ale…bench   gave;   precious   gift;   and   the
  price'1' bade pay in gold for him whom Grendel erst murdered;  and fain
  of them more had killed; had not wisest God their Wyrd averted; and the
  man's'2' brave mood。 The Maker then ruled human kind; as here and now。
  Therefore   is   insight   always   best;   and   forethought   of   mind。   How   much
  awaits   him   of   lief   and   of   loath;   who   long   time   here;   through   days   of
  warfare this world endures!
  Then song and music mingled sounds in the presence of Healfdene's
  head…of…armies'3' and harping was heard with the hero…lay as Hrothgar's
  singer   the   hall…joy   woke   along   the   mead…seats;   making   his   song   of   that
  sudden raid on the sons of Finn。'4' Healfdene's hero; Hnaef the Scylding;
  was fated to fall in the Frisian slaughter。'5' Hildeburh needed not hold in
  value her enemies' honor!'6' Innocent both were the loved ones she lost at
  the linden…play; bairn and brother; they bowed to fate; stricken by spears;
  'twas    a  sorrowful     woman!      None    doubted     why    the  daughter     of  Hoc
  bewailed her doom when dawning came; and under the sky she saw them
  lying; kinsmen murdered; where most she had kenned of the sweets of the
  world! By war were swept; too; Finn's own liegemen; and few were left; in
  the parleying…place'7' he could ply no longer weapon; nor war could he
  wage   on     Hengest;    and   rescue   his  remnant    by   right  of  arms    from   the
  prince's thane。 A pact he offered: another dwelling the Danes should have;
  hall and high…seat; and half the power should fall to them in Frisian land;
  and at the fee…gifts; Folcwald's son day by day the Danes should honor; the
  folk of Hengest favor with rings; even as truly; with treasure and jewels;
  with   fretted   gold;   as   his   Frisian   kin   he   meant   to honor  in   ale…hall   there。
  Pact of peace they plighted further on both sides firmly。 Finn to Hengest
  with   oath;   upon   honor;   openly   promised   that   woful   remnant;   with   wise…
  men's aid; nobly to govern; so none of the guests by word or work should
  warp the treaty;'8' or with malice of mind bemoan themselves as forced to
  follow their fee…giver's slayer; lordless men; as their lot ordained。 Should
  Frisian;   moreover;   with   foeman's   taunt;   that   murderous   hatred   to   mind
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  recall; then edge of the sword must seal his doom。
  Oaths were given; and ancient gold heaped from hoard。  The hardy
  Scylding;   battle…thane   best;'9'   on   his   balefire   lay。 All   on   the   pyre   were
  plain to see the gory sark; the gilded swine…crest; boar of hard iron; and
  athelings     many   slain     by   the  sword:     at  the  slaughter    they   fell。  It  was
  Hildeburh's hest; at Hnaef's own pyre the bairn of her body on brands to
  lay;   his   bones    to  burn;   on   the   balefire   placed;    at  his  uncle's    side。  In
  sorrowful dirges bewept   them  the   woman:   great   wailing   ascended。 Then
  wound up to welkin the wildest of death…fires; roared o'er the hillock:'10'
  heads all were melted; gashes burst; and blood gushed out from bites'11'
  of the body。  Balefire   devoured;  greediest spirit; those   spared not   by  war
  out of either folk: their flower was gone。
  '1'   Man…price;   wergild。   '2'   Beowulf's。   '3'   Hrothgar。   '4'   There   is   no
  need to assume a gap in the Ms。 As before about Sigemund and Heremod;
  so now; though at greater length; about Finn and his feud; a lay is chanted
  or recited; and the epic poet; counting on his readers' familiarity with the
  story;  a fragment of it still exists;  simply gives the headings。 '5' The
  exact     story   to   which     this  episode     refers    in  summary       is  not   to   be
  determined;   but   the   following   account   of   it   is   reasonable   and   has   good
  support among scholars。 Finn; a Frisian chieftain; who nevertheless has a
  〃castle〃 outside the Frisian border; marries Hildeburh; a Danish princess;
  and     her   brother;   Hnaef;     with    many     other   Danes;     pays   Finn    a   visit。
  Relations between the two peoples have been strained before。 Something
  starts   the   old   feud   anew;   and   the   visitors   are   attacked   in   their   quarters。
  Hnaef is killed; so is a son of Hildeburh。 Many fall on both sides。 Peace is
  patched up; a stately funeral is held; and the surviving visitors become in a
  way vassals or liegemen of Finn; going back with him to Frisia。 So matters
  rest   a   while。   Hengest   is   now   leader   of   the   Danes;   but   he   is   set   upon
  revenge for his former lord; Hnaef。 Probably he is killed in feud; but his
  clansmen; Guthlaf and Oslaf; gather at their home a force of sturdy Danes;
  come back to Frisia; storm Finn's stronghold; kill him; and carry back their
  kinswoman         Hildeburh。     '6'   The    〃enemies〃      must    be   the   Frisians。    '7'
  Battlefield。       Hengest      is  the   〃prince's    thane;〃    companion       of  Hnaef。
  〃Folcwald's son〃 is Finn。 '8' That is; Finn would govern in all honor the
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  few Danish warriors who were left; provided; of course; that none of them
  tried to renew the quarrel or avenge Hnaef their fallen lord。 If; again; one
  of Finn's Frisians began a quarrel; he should die by the sword。 '9' Hnaef。
  '10' The high place chosen for the funeral: see description of Beowulf's
  funeral…pile at the end of the poem。 '11' Wounds。
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  XVII
  THEN hastened those heroes their home to see; friendless; to find the
  Frisian land; houses and high burg。 Hengest still through the death…dyed
  winter   dwelt   with   Finn;   holding   pact;   yet   of   home   he   minded;   though
  powerless his ring…decked prow to drive over the waters; now waves rolled
  fierce lashed by the winds; or winter locked them in icy fetters。 Then fared
  another year to men's dwellings; as yet they do; the sunbright skies; that
  their   season   ever   duly   await。   Far   off   winter   was   driven;   fair   lay   earth's
  breast; and fain was the rover; the guest; to depart; though more gladly he
  pondered on wreaking his v