第 1 节
作者:笑傲网络      更新:2021-02-20 18:47      字数:9321
  Beowulf Anonymous
  Beowulf Anonymous
  Translated by Gummere
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  Beowulf Anonymous
  I
  Now Beowulf bode in the burg of the Scyldings; leader beloved; and
  long he ruled in fame with all folk; since his father had gone away from
  the world; till awoke an heir; haughty Healfdene; who held through life;
  sage   and   sturdy;   the   Scyldings   glad。  Then;   one   after   one;   there   woke   to
  him; to the chieftain of clansmen; children four: Heorogar; then Hrothgar;
  then Halga brave; and I heard that  was  's queen; the Heathoscylfing's
  helpmate dear。 To   Hrothgar  was given   such   glory  of war;  such honor  of
  combat;   that   all   his   kin   obeyed   him   gladly   till   great   grew   his   band   of
  youthful comrades。 It came in his mind to bid his henchmen a hall uprear;
  ia master mead…house; mightier far than ever was seen by the sons of earth;
  and within it; then; to old and young he would all allot that the Lord had
  sent him; save only the land and the lives of his men。 Wide; I heard; was
  the work commanded; for many a tribe this mid…earth round; to fashion the
  folkstead。 It fell;  as he ordered;  in rapid achievement that ready it   stood
  there;   of   halls   the   noblest:   Heorot'1'   he   named   it   whose   message   had
  might in many a land。 Not reckless of promise; the rings he dealt; treasure
  at banquet: there towered the hall; high; gabled wide; the hot surge waiting
  of furious flame。'2' Nor far was that day when father and son…in…law stood
  in feud for warfare and hatred that woke again。'3' With envy and anger an
  evil spirit endured the dole in his dark abode; that he heard each day the
  din of revel high in the hall: there harps rang out; clear song of the singer。
  He sang who knew'4' tales of the early time of   man; how the Almighty
  made the earth; fairest fields enfolded by water; set; triumphant; sun and
  moon for a light to lighten the land…dwellers; and braided bright the breast
  of   earth   with   limbs   and   leaves;   made   life   for   all   of   mortal   beings   that
  breathe and move。 So lived the clansmen in cheer and revel a winsome life;
  till one began to fashion evils; that field of hell。 Grendel this monster grim
  was called; march…riever'5' mighty; in moorland living; in fen and fastness;
  fief of the giants the hapless wight a while had kept since the Creator his
  exile doomed。 On kin of Cain was the killing avenged by sovran God for
  slaughtered   Abel。   Ill   fared   his   feud;'6'   and   far   was   he   driven;   for   the
  slaughter's sake; from sight of men。 Of Cain awoke all that woful breed;
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  Etins'7' and elves and evil…spirits; as well as the giants that warred with
  God weary while: but their wage was paid them!
  '1' That   is;   〃The   Hart;〃   or   〃Stag;〃   so   called   from   decorations   in   the
  gables   that   resembled   the   antlers   of   a   deer。   This   hall   has   been   carefully
  described   in   a   pamphlet   by   Heyne。   The   building   was   rectangular;   with
  opposite doors  mainly west and east  and a hearth in the middle of th
  single room。 A row of pillars down each side; at some distance from the
  walls;   made   a   space   which   was   raised   a   little   above   the   main   floor;   and
  was furnished with two rows of seats。 On one side; usually south; was the
  high…seat   midway   between   the   doors。   Opposite   this;   on   the   other   raised
  space;   was   another   seat   of   honor。 At   the   banquet   soon   to   be   described;
  Hrothgar sat in the south or chief high…seat; and Beowulf opposite to him。
  The   scene   for   a   flying   (see   below;   v。499)   was   thus   very   effectively   set。
  Planks on trestles  the 〃board〃   of later English literature  formed   the
  tables just in front of the long   rows of seats; and were taken away  after
  banquets;   when   the   retainers   were   ready   to   stretch   them…   selves   out   for
  sleep on the benches。 '2' Fire was the usual end of these halls。 See v。 781
  below。 One thinks of the splendid scene at the end of the Nibelungen; of
  the    Nialssaga;     of  Saxo's    story    of  Amlethus;      and    many   a    less  famous
  instance。 '3' It is to be supposed that all hearers of this poem knew how
  Hrothgar's hall was burnt;  perhaps in the unsuccessful attack made on
  him     by   his  son…in…law      Ingeld。    '4'   A   skilled   minstrel。    The    Danes     are
  heathens; as one is told presently; but this lay of beginnings is taken from
  Genesis。 '5' A disturber of the border; one who sallies from his haunt in
  the fen and roams over the country near by。 This probably pagan nuisance
  is   now   furnished   with   biblical   credentials   as   a   fiend   or   devil   in   good
  standing;      so    that   all  Christian      Englishmen        might    read    about     him。
  〃Grendel〃 may mean one who grinds and crushes。 '6' Cain's。 '7' Giants。
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  Beowulf Anonymous
  II
  WENT he forth to find at fall of night that haughty house; and heed
  wherever the   Ring…Danes; outrevelled;  to rest   had gone。  Found within it
  the   atheling   band   asleep   after   feasting   and   fearless   of   sorrow;   of   human
  hardship。      Unhallowed        wight;    grim    and    greedy;    he   grasped     betimes;
  wrathful; reckless; from resting…places; thirty of the thanes; and thence he
  rushed fain of his fell spoil; faring homeward; laden with slaughter; his lair
  to seek。 Then at the dawning; as day was breaking; the might of Grendel to
  men   was   known;   then   after   wassail   was   wail uplifted;   loud   moan   in   the
  morn。 The   mighty  chief;  atheling   excellent;   unblithe  sat;   labored   in   woe
  for the loss of his thanes; when once had been traced the trail of the fiend;
  spirit accurst: too cruel that sorrow; too long; too loathsome。 Not late the
  respite;   with   night   returning;   anew   began   ruthless   murder;   he   recked   no
  whit; firm in his guilt; of the feud and crime。 They were easy to find who
  elsewhere sought in room remote their rest at night; bed in the bowers;'1'
  when   that   bale   was   shown;   was   seen   in   sooth;   with   surest   token;      the
  hall…thane's'2'      hate。   Such    held   themselves      far  and   fast   who    the  fiend
  outran!   Thus   ruled   unrighteous   and   raged   his   fill   one   against   all;   until
  empty stood that lordly building; and long it bode so。 Twelve years' tide
  the   trouble   he   bore;   sovran   of   Scyldings;   sorrows   in   plenty;   boundless
  cares。 There came unhidden tidings true to the tribes of men; in sorrowful
  songs; how ceaselessly Grendel harassed Hrothgar; what hate he bore him;
  what murder and massacre; many a year; feud unfading;  refused consent
  to deal with any of Daneland's earls; make pact of peace; or compound for
  gold: still less did the wise men ween to get great fee for the feud from his
  fiendish hands。  But the   evil one   ambushed old   and young death…shadow
  dark; and dogged them still; lured; or lurked in the livelong night of misty
  moorlands: men may say not where the haunts of these Hell…Runes'3' be。
  Such      heaping     of   horrors    the   hater   of   men;    lonely    roamer;    wrought
  unceasing;   harassings   heavy。   O'er   Heorot   he   lorded;   gold…bright   hall;   in
  gloomy nights; and ne'er could the prince'4' approach his throne;  'twas
  judgment   of   God;      or   have   joy   in   his   hall。   Sore   was   the   sorrow   to
  Scyldings'…friend; heart…rending   misery。  Many  nobles   sat   assembled;   and
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  Beowulf Anonymous
  searched      out  counsel    how     it  were   best  for   bold…hearted     men    against
  harassing terror to try their hand。 Whiles they vowed in their heathen fanes
  altar…offerings; asked with words'5' that the slayer…of…souls would succor
  give them  for   the   pain   of   their people。 Their   practice   this;   their   heathen
  hope;   'twas   Hell   they   thought   of   in   mood   of   their   mind。 Almighty   they
  knew not; Doomsman of Deeds and dreadful Lord; nor Heaven's…Helmet
  heeded they  ever; Wielder…of…Wonder。    Woe for that   man   who   in harm
  and hatred hales his soul to fiery embraces;  nor favor nor change awaits
  he ever。 But well for him that after death…day may draw to his Lord;