第 16 节
作者:西门在线      更新:2021-02-20 18:43      字数:9322
  have been set up and monasteries built; and in honour of whom the
  famous monastery of St。 Edmundsbury; above mentioned; was founded;
  which most people erroneously think was the place where the said
  murder was committed。
  Besides the towns mentioned above; there are Halesworth;
  Saxmundham; Debenham; Aye; or Eye; all standing in this eastern
  side of Suffolk; in which; as I have said; the whole country is
  employed in dairies or in feeding of cattle。
  This part of England is also remarkable for being the first where
  the feeding and fattening of cattle; both sheep as well as black
  cattle; with turnips; was first practised in England; which is made
  a very great part of the improvement of their lands to this day;
  and from whence the practice is spread over most of the east and
  south parts of England to the great enriching of the farmers and
  increase of fat cattle。  And though some have objected against the
  goodness of the flesh thus fed with turnips; and have fancied it
  would taste of the root; yet upon experience it is found that at
  market there is no difference; nor can they that buy single out one
  joint of mutton from another by the taste。  So that the complaint
  which our nice palates at first made begins to cease of itself; and
  a very great quantity of beef and mutton also is brought every year
  and every week to London from this side of England; and much more
  than was formerly known to be fed there。
  I cannot omit; however little it may seem; that this county of
  Suffolk is particularly famous for furnishing the City of London
  and all the counties round with turkeys; and that it is thought
  there are more turkeys bred in this county and the part of Norfolk
  that adjoins to it than in all the rest of England; especially for
  sale; though this may be reckoned; as I say above; but a trifling
  thing to take notice of in these remarks; yet; as I have hinted;
  that I shall observe how London is in general supplied with all its
  provisions from the whole body of the nation; and how every part of
  the island is engaged in some degree or other of that supply。  On
  this account I could not omit it; nor will it be found so
  inconsiderable an article as some may imagine; if this be true;
  which I received an account of from a person living on the place;
  viz。; that they have counted three hundred droves of turkeys (for
  they drive them all in droves on foot) pass in one season over
  Stratford Bridge on the River Stour; which parts Suffolk from
  Essex; about six miles from Colchester; on the road from Ipswich to
  London。  These droves; as they say; generally contain from three
  hundred to a thousand each drove; so that one may suppose them to
  contain five hundred one with another; which is one hundred and
  fifty thousand in all; and yet this is one of the least passages;
  the numbers which travel by Newmarket Heath and the open country
  and the forest; and also the numbers that come by Sudbury and Clare
  being many more。
  For the further supplies of the markets of London with poultry; of
  which these countries particularly abound; they have within these
  few years found it practicable to make the geese travel on foot
  too; as well as the turkeys; and a prodigious number are brought up
  to London in droves from the farthest parts of Norfolk; even from
  the fen country about Lynn; Downham; Wisbech; and the Washes; as
  also from all the east side of Norfolk and Suffolk; of whom it is
  very frequent now to meet droves with a thousand; sometimes two
  thousand in a drove。  They begin to drive them generally in August;
  by which time the harvest is almost over; and the geese may feed in
  the stubbles as they go。  Thus they hold on to the end of October;
  when the roads begin to be too stiff and deep for their broad feet
  and short legs to march in。
  Besides these methods of driving these creatures on foot; they have
  of late also invented a new method of carriage; being carts formed
  on purpose; with four stories or stages to put the creatures in one
  above another; by which invention one cart will carry a very great
  number; and for the smoother going they drive with two horses
  abreast; like a coach; so quartering the road for the ease of the
  gentry that thus ride。  Changing horses; they travel night and day;
  so that they bring the fowls seventy; eighty; or; one hundred miles
  in two days and one night。  The horses in this new…fashioned
  voiture go two abreast; as above; but no perch below; as in a
  coach; but they are fastened together by a piece of wood lying
  crosswise upon their necks; by which they are kept even and
  together; and the driver sits on the top of the cart like as in the
  public carriages for the army; etc。
  In this manner they hurry away the creatures alive; and infinite
  numbers are thus carried to London every year。  This method is also
  particular for the carrying young turkeys or turkey poults in their
  season; which are valuable; and yield a good price at market; as
  also for live chickens in the dear seasons; of all which a very
  great number are brought in this manner to London; and more
  prodigiously out of this country than any other part of England;
  which is the reason of my speaking of it here。
  In this part; which we call High Suffolk; there are not so many
  families of gentry or nobility placed as in the other side of the
  country。  But it is observed that though their seats are not so
  frequent here; their estates are; and the pleasure of West Suffolk
  is much of it supported by the wealth of High Suffolk; for the
  richness of the lands and application of the people to all kinds of
  improvement is scarce credible; also the farmers are so very
  considerable and their farms and dairies so large that it is very
  frequent for a farmer to have 1;000 pounds stock upon his farm in
  cows only。
  NORFOLK。
  From High Suffolk I passed the Waveney into Norfolk; near Schole
  Inn。  In my passage I saw at Redgrave (the seat of the family) a
  most exquisite monument of Sir John Holt; Knight; late Lord Chief
  Justice of the King's Bench several years; and one of the most
  eminent lawyers of his time。  One of the heirs of the family is now
  building a fine seat about a mile on the south side of Ipswich;
  near the road。
  The epitaph or inscription on this monument is as follows:…
  M。 S。
  D。 Johannis Holt; Equitis Aur。
  Totius Anglioe in Banco Regis
  per 21 Annos continuos
  Capitalis Justitiarii
  Gulielmo Regi Annoequr Reginae
  Consiliarii perpetui:
  Libertatis ac Legum Anglicarum
  Assertoris; Vindicis; Custodis;
  Vigilis Acris & intrepidi;
  Rolandus Frater Uncius & Hoeres
  Optime de se Merito
  posuit;
  Die Martis Vto。 1709。  Sublatus est
  ex Oculis nostris
  Natus 30 Decembris; Anno 1642。
  When we come into Norfolk; we see a face of diligence spread over
  the whole country; the vast manufactures carried on (in chief) by
  the Norwich weavers employs all the country round in spinning yarn
  for them; besides many thousand packs of yarn which they receive
  from other countries; even from as far as Yorkshire and
  Westmoreland; of which I shall speak in its place。
  This side of Norfolk is very populous; and thronged with great and
  spacious market…towns; more and larger than any other part of
  England so far from London; except Devonshire; and the West Riding
  of Yorkshire; for example; between the frontiers of Suffolk and the
  city of Norwich on this side; which is not above 22 miles in
  breadth; are the following market…towns; viz。:…
  Thetford; Hingham; Harleston;
  Diss; West Dereham; E。 Dereham;
  Harling; Attleborough; Watton;
  Bucknam; Windham; Loddon; etc。
  Most of these towns are very populous and large; but that which is
  most remarkable is; that the whole country round them is so
  interspersed with villages; and those villages so large; and so
  full of people; that they are equal to market…towns in other
  countries; in a word; they render this eastern part of Norfolk
  exceeding full of inhabitants。
  An eminent weaver of Norwich gave me a scheme of their trade on
  this occasion; by which; calculating from the number of looms at
  that time employed in the city of Norwich only; besides those
  employed in other towns in the same county; he made it appear very
  plain; that there were 120;000 people employed in the woollen and
  silk and wool manufactures of that city only; not that the people
  all lived in the city; though Norwich is a very large and populous
  city too: but; I say; they were employed for spinning the yarn used
  for such goods as were all made in that city。  This account is
  curious enough; and very exact; but it is too long for the compass
  of this work。
  This shows the wonderful extent of the Norwich manufacture; or
  stuff…weaving trade; by which so many thousands of families are
  maintained。  Their trade; indeed; felt a very sensible decay; and
  the cries of the poor began to be very loud; when the wearing of
  pai