第 17 节
作者:一半儿      更新:2021-02-20 18:38      字数:9321
  had come with them to Hamburg to meet her husband; returned with him
  to   their   home   in   Holstein;   and   on   account   of   Rosina   Neubert's   serious
  illness; she and her husband reluctantly agreed to leave the company; and
  wait   for   another   opportunity   to   go   to   Georgia。In   1742   they   carried   out
  their intention of   emigrating to America;  though   it   was   to   Pennsylvania;
  and not to Georgia。
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  The Moravians in Georgia
  The      〃second      company〃;        therefore;      consisted      of    twenty…five
  persons:David Nitschmann; the Bishop。 Christian Adolph von Hermsdorf;
  a   volunteer。     John    Andrew     Dober;     a  potter。   David    Zeisberger。     David
  Tanneberger; a shoemaker。 John Tanneberger; son of David; a boy of ten
  years。 George Neisser。 Augustin Neisser; a young lad; brother of George。
  Henry Roscher; a linen…weaver。 David Jag。 John Michael Meyer; a tailor。
  Jacob   Frank。   John   Martin   Mack。   Matthias   Seybold;   a   farmer。   Gottlieb
  Demuth。 John Boehner; a carpenter。 Matthias Boehnisch。 Maria Catherine
  Dober;   wife   of   John   Andrew   Dober。   Rosina   Zeisberger;   wife   of   David
  Zeisberger。 Judith Toeltschig; Catherine Riedel; Rosina Haberecht; Regina
  Demuth; going to join their husbands already in Georgia。 Anna Waschke; a
  widow; to join her son。 Juliana Jaeschke; a seamstress。*
  *  Fifteen   of   these   colonists    were    originally   from    Moravia     and
  Bohemia。
  During   an     enforced    stay   of  three   weeks    at  Altona;    the   Moravians
  experienced       much    kindness;     especially   at   the  hands    of  Korte    and   his
  family; and Mrs。 Weintraube; the daughter of a Mennonite preacher; who
  had come from her home in London on a visit to her father。 By this time
  the Moravian settlement at Herrnhut was coming to be well and favorably
  known in Holland; and every visit won new friends; many of whom came
  into   organic   fellowship   with   them。A   few        years   later;   when   the   Unitas
  Fratrum   was   confronted   by   a   great   financial   crisis;   it   was   largely   the
  loyalty   and   liberality   of   the   Dutch   members   that   enabled   it   to   reach   a
  position of safety。
  On the 9th of September; the company went aboard an English boat;
  homeward bound; but contrary winds held them in port until the 13th; and
  it was not until Sunday; Oct。 2nd; that they reached London; after a long
  and   stormy  crossing;  which   gave   many  of   them  their   first   experience   of
  sea…sickness。
  Nitschmann   and   Korte   at   once   went   ashore   to   report   their   arrival   to
  Secretary Verelst; and on Monday a house was rented; and the twenty…five
  colonists   and   Jonas   Korte   moved   into   it;   to   wait   for  the   sailing   of   Gen。
  Oglethorpe's   ship;   the   General   having   offered   them   berths   on   his   own
  vessel。   The   General   was   out   of   town   when   they   reached   London;   but
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  called     on    Monday       evening;      and    showed      them     every     kindness;
  〃Oglethorpe is indeed our good friend; and cares for us like a father。〃
  Nitschmann found a good deal of difficulty on account of the language;
  for   he   could   not   speak   Latin;   as   Spangenberg   had   done;   and   knew   no
  English; so that all of his conversations with Oglethorpe had to be carried
  on through an interpreter; nevertheless a number of important points were
  fully discussed。
  On   the   question   of   military   service   he   could   reach   no   definite   and
  satisfactory conclusion; and thought it a great pity that there had not been
  a   perfect    mutual     understanding       between      Zinzendorf      and    the   Trustees
  before   the   first   company   sailed。   That   Zinzendorf's   〃servants〃   should   be
  free   from   military   service   was   admitted   by   all;   but   Oglethorpe   thought
  three   men   must   be   furnished   to   represent   Zinzendorf;   Spangenberg   and
  Nitschmann (the Hausmeister); the three free…holders; and suggested that
  Lieutenant   Hermsdorf   might   take   one   place。Nitschmann   said   that   would
  not do; that the Moravians 〃could not and would not fight;〃 and there the
  matter   rested。Nitschmann   wrote   to   Zinzendorf;   begging   him   to   come   to
  London;       and    interview      the   Trustees;     but   advised      that   he   wait    for
  Oglethorpe's return from Georgia some nine months later。
  On   this   account   the   members   of   the   second   company   agreed   that   it
  would be better for them not to accept land individually; but to go; as the
  others     had    done;    as   Zinzendorf's       〃servants〃;     to   work     on   his   tract。
  Oglethorpe       suggested      that  an   additional     five   hundred     acres   should     be
  requested       for   Count     Zinzendorf's      son;    and   Nitschmann        referred     the
  proposal to the authorities at Herrnhut。In regard to the five hundred acre
  tract   already   granted;   the   General   said   that   it   had   been   located   near   the
  Indians; at the Moravians' request; but that settlers there would be in no
  danger;   for   the   Indians   were   at   peace   with   the   English;   there   was   a   fort
  near   by;   and   besides   he   intended   to   place   a   colony   of   Salzburgers   fifty
  miles further south; when the Moravians would be; not on the border but
  in the center of Georgia。
  Gen。  Oglethorpe   assured   Nitschmann   that there   would   be   no   trouble
  regarding the transfer of title to the Georgia lands; for while; for weighty
  reasons; the grants had been made in tail male; there was no intention; on
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  the part of the Trustees; to use this as a pretext for regaining the land; and
  if there was no male heir; a brother; or failing this; a friend; might take the
  title。 (In 1739 the law entailing property in Georgia was modified to meet
  this   view;   and   after   1750;   all   grants   were   made   in   fee   simple。)He   also
  explained that the obligation to plant a certain number of mulberry trees
  per acre; or forfeit the land; was intended to spur lazy colonists; and would
  not be enforced in the case of the Moravians。
  Nitschmann told Gen。 Oglethorpe of the wives and children who had
  been   left   in   Herrnhut;   and   suggested   the   advisability   of   establishing   an
  English School for them; that they might be better fitted for life in Georgia。
  Oglethorpe   liked   the   idea;   and;   after   due   consideration;   suggested   that
  some   one   in   Herrnhut   who   spoke   French   or   Latin;   preferably   the   latter;
  should   be   named   as   Count   Zinzendorf's   Agent;   to   handle   funds   for   the
  English school; and to accompany later companies of Georgia colonists as
  far as London; his expenses to be paid by the Trustees。Of this the Trustees
  approved; and donated 40 Pounds sterling; partly for Nitschmann's use in
  London;   and   the   balance;      about   4   Pounds   it   proved   to   be;      for   the
  Herrnhut   school。An   English   gentleman   also   gave   them   32   Pounds;   with
  the proviso that within four years they in turn would give an equal amount
  to the needy; which Nitschmann readily agreed should be done。
  Various   other   gifts   must   have   been   received;   for   when   the   company
  sailed; Nitschmann reported to Count Zinzendorf that; without counting a
  considerable       amount      which     Korte    had   generously      expended       on   their
  behalf;     they   had   received     115   Pounds     in  London;      and   had   spent     113
  Pounds。      〃This    will   seem    much     to  you;   but   when     you    look   over    the
  accounts; and consider the number of people; and how dear everything is;
  you will understand。〃Unfortunately the colonists had left Herrnhut without
  a   sufficient    quantity    of   warm     clothing;    thinking    that   it  would    not   be
  needed; but letters from Georgia gave them quite new ideas of the climate
  there;   and   they   were   forced   to   supply   themselves   in   London;   though   at
  double what it would have cost in Germany。
  In addition to these expenditures; the second company borrowed from
  the Trustees the funds for their passage to Georgia; and a year's provision
  there;   binding   themselves   jointly   and   severally