第 10 节
作者:小秋      更新:2021-02-20 18:19      字数:9322
  and Sealing of Cloth; or in the Transportation of the Materials
  of our Cloth before mentioned。 In the former of these; the
  Merchants Adventurers can give you an account of Ten thousand
  pounds a year at least losse to this Common…wealth; by the Tare
  or abatements upon the Cloth in forreine parts; for the false
  making and sealing thereof: Besides the other Effects of the
  decay of the Drapery it selfe; and other Trades depending
  thereon; the losse whereof is unvaluable。 In the latter; every
  man is sensible of the losse to the Common…wealth; in robbing it
  of the Materials: whereby not onely our Draperies are Impaired;
  but the Forreine also are thereby much Improved。
  Also the want of restraint of the Excesse of the Kingdome; in
  Usuary and Prodigality: the one being a Viper in a Kingdome that
  gnaweth through the bowels thereof: the other a Canker that
  fretteth and wasteth the stocke; in spending the forreine wares;
  more then it venteth of our owne: both and either doe produce
  intollerable effects in a wel ordered Kingdome and Common…wealth。
  Or Passive; in the ill Effects that fall upon the Kingdome;
  in things done to us by others。 And that either by Friends or
  Foes。 the former is done by Imposition; or Usurpation。 By
  Imposition; in the Merchants Adventurers Trade in Holland: where
  there is lately taxed upon a Pack Cloth 9 Gilders; and upon a
  long Cloth 18 Gilders; and upon a fine Cloth 14 Gilders; which is
  18; 36 and 48 shillings of our money。 And yet neverthelesse they
  free their own Countrey Cloth of all manner of charge; nay; they
  give encouragement to the makers thereof by many Priviledged and
  Immunities: whereby it is more then manifest that they do what in
  them lyeth; to Plant their owne Draperies; and to supplant ours;
  to the infinit disadvantage of this Kingdome。
  By Usurpation; those Friends of ours; deprive us of our East
  India Trade and Fishing; which here again occurre; and offer
  themselves for this purpose also。 By the former; the
  Common…wealth hath not onley been dispossest all this while of so
  great a stock; as is that of the East India Company; but of the
  employment and excrease of Trade also; that thereby in all this
  time would have accrewed unto this Kingdome。 And it is to be
  feared; that their policy is not onely to derpive the Company of
  their Stocke; but the Kingdome also of the Trade: which they
  thinke too great and glorious a Fortune for this Common…welath to
  enjoy; and the onley hope of their's。 And hence it is that the
  Restituion is so hard to be had; because they think by detaining
  it; and spinning out the time; they shall in time weary and weare
  us out of that Trade: And so in the meane while; by Plowing up
  htose Indian Seas and Soyle with our Heifers; they may at last
  Reape all the Harvest; and possesse and dispossesse at their owne
  pleasure; to the wonderfull enriching of their Common…wealth; and
  the impoverishing of ours。
  By the latter; to wit; their Fishing upon our Coasts; the
  Common…wealth looseth that which they gaine: which is merveilous
  increase of Trade; of Shippes; and Marriners。 Whereby their
  Navigation is mightily Strengthened; their Marriners multiplyed;
  and their Trade encreased: Of all which this Common…wealth is
  deprived; and their's enriched。
  By Foes also this Common…wealth is lamentably Passive; in the
  cruelty done by Turkish Pirats upon Men and Shippes; and Goods。
  The griefe is lamentable; the losse intollerable。
  Lastly; there are ill Effects that fal upon the Common…wealth
  in the Forme of Trade: and that in respect of Monopolies; or
  Ungoverned Trade。 Byt the former; this Common…wealth is deprived
  of that true liberty of Trade; which belongeth to all the
  subjects: when the Commodity of some few; is preferred to the
  publique good。
  By the latter; which is most remarquable in the Trade of His
  Majesties subjects into the Domminos of the King of Spaine; and
  the Mediterrean Sea; the Trade of this Kingdome consisting in
  Bayes; Perpetuanoes; Kersies; Waxe; Tinne; Lead; and other the
  Native Commodities of this Kingdome; is betrayed into the hands;
  both of those with whom we are in Amitie; and others that are
  with us in Enmity。 The one taketh advantage of our
  unmerchant…like courses for lacke of Order: The other; of our
  Shippes sent foorth stragling for lacke of Fleets: and both
  through want of Government in Trade。 Whereby the Perpetuanoes and
  other new Draperies have by little and little bin made worse and
  worse; so that now they are become quite out of use; the Trade
  lost; the Traders ruinated; the Manufactures by other Nations
  supplied; the Navigation hindered; by the losse of many worthy
  men; and Serviceable Shippes: In all which; the Decay of Trade is
  exceeding Great; the Common…wealth's losse Infinite。
  Cap。 VII。
  Of the Remedy for all the former Causes of decay of Trade。
  Having shewed the many and manifold Causes of the decay of
  Trade in the Matter and Forme thereof: It remaineth now to
  present the Remedy。 Which according to the precedent Method; I
  will apply unto all the particulers in their order。 Onely the
  Remedies for the Effects; I shall present in the Causes: for the
  Causes being removed; the Effects must needs cease; according to
  the common Maxime in Philosophy; Sublata causa tollitur effectus。
  In my former distribution I considered the Causes of the
  decay of Trade; in the Matter and Forme thereof: and in the
  Matter I insisted on Money and Merchandize。 The Causes of the
  want of money; I shewed some to be Immediat; some Mediat or
  remote。 the Immediat Causes; I noted to be such; as either hinder
  the Importation; or such as cause the Exportation; and both in
  the Under…valuation of His Majesties Coine。 The Remedy offer's it
  selfe; which is double。 First; how it may be got: and next how it
  may be kept。 The former may be done two wayes: By Raising of the
  Kings Coine; and by making current Forreine Coines at equall
  value。 The latter; also may be done two wayes: By another manner
  of Execution of the Statute for Employments then heretofore:
  wherein there is some reason not to expresse my selfe as I might:
  And by His Majesties Princely and Prudent Negotiation; with the
  Princes of our Neighbour Countries; the States of the united
  Provinces especially; to keepe a more constant course in the
  values of their Coines。 Neither of which can be done by the Par
  of Exchange; which is now again in agitation; and hath taken more
  then twenty yeeres to bring it to perfection。 Wherein; absit
  invidia verbo; that I say; there is neither Parity; nor
  Purity。For it is not the rate of Exchanges; but the value of
  monies; here lowe; elsewhere high; which cause their Exportation:
  nor doe the Exchanges; but the plenty or scarcity of monies cause
  their values。 Or if I should grant that to be the cause which is
  not: yet it doth not follow; that because the Stranger; like
  enough; would be a deliverer heere of money at a high rate; that
  therefore the English must take it。 And then the consequence will
  be ill: for if the rate be such as the Taker like not; then the
  Deliverer is yet more thrust upon the exportation。 But this I
  leave to those to whom this project is committed; with this; that
  this opinion seemes to be ciusden farinae; with another of his;
  in his Canker of Englands Commonwealth; in these words: 〃And it
  were to be wished; that our Cloth were sold at so deare a rate;
  and according to the price of forreine Commodities; that thereby
  other nations would take upon them to make our Clothes
  themselves: which might easily bee remedied; by selling our
  woolles the dearer; whereof they must make them。〃 Which seemes to
  have in it much more Dutch then English; to deprive this Kingdome
  of so Royall a Manufacture; whereby so many thousands of poore
  families; ae maintained in the same: as if hee would cure one
  Canker with another; contrary to our Saviours Argument; that
  Satan cannot cast out Satan。 But I returne to mine owne Station:
  and therein to answer the objections that doe occurre the raising
  of Money: which are wont to be principally; either the continuall
  Raising of it; to follow the Rising of forreine Coine; or else
  the inevitable losse that thereby will fall; Generally upon all
  men in the endearing of all things; and Particularly upon
  Landlords and Creditors; in their rents and contracts。
  For the continuall Raising of the Coine; that will be
  needlesse; if the meanes be sufficient for executing the Statute
  for employments; whereby the Money may be kept within the land
  when we have it。 And for the dearnesse of things; which the
  Raising of Money bringeth with it; that will be abundantly
  recompensed unto all in the plenty of Money; and quickning of
  Trade in every mans hand。 And that which is equall to all; when
  hee that buye's deare shall sell deare; cannot bee said to be
  injurius unto any。 And it is much better for the Kingdome; to
  have things deare with plenty of Money; whereby men may live in
  their severall callings: then to have things cheape with want of
  Money; which now makes every man complain